Ahlam Ansari, Hatim Shabbir Bohra, Daanish Kathi, Ghufran Ahmad Khan
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology which aids in recording transaction and tracking capital in any business network. The main feature of blockchain is transparency. Our project is going to help these banks because we will be implementing blockchain ledger for creating a banking system in Linux. Blockchain will boost trust, security, translucence, and the traceability of data shared across a banking system and will be cost saving with new efficiencies. Because it provides rapid, shareable, and entirely clear information recorded on an immutable ledger that can only be viewed by authorised network users, blockchain is the ideal option for distributing data. This network can locate orders, capital, users, creations, and much more, and because participants share only one view of transparency, you can see all the details of a capital transaction from beginning to end, providing you with a greater sense of trust as well as new efficiencies and opportunities. Banking systems are transferring from their older methods to more recent ledger methods. Banking sector has started experimenting with blockchain ledger by copying current asset transactions on the blockchain. This enables the banking sector to have some space for the effectiveness of the blockchain solution. In infrastructure terms, Blockchain is software that is open source designed to support the transfer of digital capital among market participants in real time. Using any chosen blockchain APIs, one may exhibit big decrease in asset transfer costs and timelines. Today's banks are developing and operating their business models with the help of a trusted third-party service provider. As a result, Blockchain technology will be able to reconstruct the banking model since it can handle transaction records via a peer-to-peer network between trading partners without the need for a trusted third party.
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. As of June 2021, 5 emergency vaccines were available for COVID-19 prevention, and with the improvement of vaccination rates and the resumption of activities in each country, verification of vaccination has become an important issue. Currently, in most areas, vaccination and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results are certified and validated on paper. This leads to the problem of counterfeit documents. Therefore, a global vaccination record is needed. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to design a vaccine passport (VP) validation system based on a general blockchain architecture for international use in a simulated environment. With decentralized characteristics, the system is expected to have the advantages of low cost, high interoperability, effectiveness, security, and verifiability through blockchain architecture. METHODS: The blockchain decentralized mechanism was used to build an open and anticounterfeiting information platform for VPs. The contents of a vaccination card are recorded according to international Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) standards, and blockchain smart contracts (SCs) are used for authorization and authentication to achieve hierarchical management of various international hospitals and people receiving injections. The blockchain stores an encrypted vaccination path managed by the user who manages the private key. The blockchain uses the proof-of-authority (PoA) public chain and can access all information through the specified chain. This will achieve the goal of keeping development costs low and streamlining vaccine transit management so that countries in different economies can use them. RESULTS: The openness of the blockchain helps to create transparency and data accuracy. This blockchain architecture contains a total of 3 entities. All approvals are published on Open Ledger. Smart certificates enable authorization and authentication, and encryption and decryption mechanisms guarantee data protection. This proof of concept demonstrates the design of blockchain architecture, which can achieve accurate global VP verification at an affordable price. In this study, an actual VP case was established and demonstrated. An open blockchain, an individually approved certification mechanism, and an international standard vaccination record were introduced. CONCLUSIONS: Blockchain architecture can be used to build a viable international VP authentication process with the advantages of low cost, high interoperability, effectiveness, security, and verifiability.
<span>learning process implemented in universities due to COVID-19 has brought significant disruption to education. Interest and motivation to learn are very important in the learning process. It takes a platform that supports students to be motivated in running the activity hours well. Learning techniques that can be chosen are collaborative and creative learning in achieving effective graduate outcomes with the support of the Merdeka Campus program. This research aims to make gamification techniques to make students more creative, innovative, and interactive by utilizing the concepts of learning and playing. Furthermore, a learning platform based on blockchain technology can support quality universities as a layer of control in implementing security and fun learning. With gamification techniques in collaboration with blockchain technology, all devices connected to the network will become nodes or servers. This study uses agile development methods based on iterative and incremental models to create a distributed storage blockchain algorithm, and IPFS used to build the GamiChain iLearning education model (gamification blockchain). It can be concluded that GamiChain (gamification blockchain) can support the Merdeka Campus program, which can provide facilities for students to develop their potential and prepare excellent and outstanding graduates.</span>
Abstract New technological developments, such as 5G networks, smart and interconnected devices, and the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), lead to a new reality in which the secure flow of data is non-negotiable. In this new reality, blockchain technology can play a crucial role, as it has the ability to provide the necessary background for the safe and inviolable operation of systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger, in which information and data are stored and verified. These blocks of data do not have to be related to financial transactions but may concern any other type of data that needs to be securely recorded and not changed retrospectively. Although the first application of blockchain technology was about digital currency (Bitcoin), its usefulness is not limited to cryptocurrencies or the field of economics. Blockchain, especially in its last stage v3.0, has many applications in various sectors such as data storage, certification of products and services, government, insurance, health, science, and education. This paper focuses on the current and potential educational applications of blockchain and presents how this technology can be used to solve specific education problems. Nowadays, a variety of blockchain applications concerning the issue and storage of certificates and diplomas, the evaluation of learning outcomes, the support and the academic degree management, the protection of intellectual property, the cooperation between students and their professors, learning accreditation, payment for studies, formation of an academic passport (portfolio) or administration of the educational process are implemented in some HEI and institutions. The paper analyzes the features and advantages of blockchain technology, presents some of the current blockchain applications for education, as well as the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in the educational sector. Finally, special reference is made to applications related to the field of language learning.
Gautam Gajra, Omkar Ghadge, Yash Gandhi, Prof. Devita Durge
Abstract: Developing a protected electronic voting system that gives the decency and security of a current voting system, while providing the accuracy and flexibility offered by electronic systems, has been a test for quite a while. Use of blockchain as an assist to actualize disseminated digital balloting structures is accessed. At the present, neither civilians nor elected leaders have favoured conventional ballots. Elections are surrounded via way of means of vote falsification, bribery and different vote casting problems paper and polling shape balloting a ballot system, the checking of vote's takes hours and the number of the time days and hardly ever any activities reduce to rubble the effects through distinctive feature of human or machine. There needs to be an awesome function of current technology to improve the prevailing system. Blunder, which brings about the process taking much more. Blockchain innovation offers a fact in which that character flaw is eliminated from the situation and votes are checked proper away. Blockchain generation is the only one that handles the real vote. We use the stable hash set of rules for resolving this trouble and attempted to convey an answer via using this booming generation. The system based on blockchain will be safe, trustworthy, and private. It will help to realize the general remember of the applicants who participated and its capabilities inside the equal manner as people's religion of their governments does. The citizens and political selection executives can get sizable benefits from the voting poll programming application. And yet, e-vote casting a poll gives large risks to political race safety and honesty and modifications the concept of political selection straightforwardness and investigation. E-Voting has a Relatively bit of freedom; at the cease of the day, Relative Advantage is degree while an improvement is regarded as advanced to the past one; Since, e-Voting is advanced to the guide vote casting system. Keywords: Blockchain, E-voting, Security, Smart Contracts, Immutable
The COVID-19 outbreak had a severe impact on almost all countries in the world. One aspect of concern during the pandemic is an investment. In this study, the GARCH model used to estimate Value at Risk (VaR) on cryptocurrency investments as a tolerable loss during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data in this study are ten cryptocurrencies with the largest capitalization. The observation period when WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, namely on March 11, 2020 - June 11, 2020. From this study, the highest cryptocurrency VaR value is Crypto.com with an amount of 0,18214. It means that the maximum loss that an investor can tolerate with an investment of $500.000.000 for a 95 percent confidence level is $ 91.070.392.
Omkar Sunil Naiknavare, Mr. Mandar Pravin Patil, Miss. Riya Chandrakant Chawate, Miss. Amisha Bharat Borana · 5 authors
Abstract: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in under-developed countries are receiving funds from donor agencies for various purposes, including relief from natural disasters and other emergencies, promoting education, women empowerment, economic development, and many more. Some donor agencies have lost their trust in NGOs in under-developed countries, as some NGOs have been involved in the misuse of funds. This is evident from irregularities in the records. For instance, in education funds, on some occasions, the same student has appeared in the records of multiple NGOs as a beneficiary, when in fact, a maximum of one NGO could be paying for a particular beneficiary. Therefore, the number of actual beneficiaries would be smaller than the number of claimed beneficiaries. This research proposes a blockchain-based solution to ensure trust between donor agencies from all over the world, and NGOs in under-developed countries. The list of National IDs along with other keys would be available publicly on a blockchain. The distributed software would ensure that the same set of keys are not entered twice in this blockchain, preventing the problem highlighted above. The details of the fund provided to the student would also be available on the blockchain and would be encrypted and digitally signed by the NGOs. In the case that a record inserted into this blockchain is discovered to be fake, this research provides a way to cancel that record. A cancellation record is inserted, only if it is digitally signed by the relevant donor agency. Keywords: blockchain; ensuring trust; NGOs; encryption
In this digital world, information technology is growing day by day. Due to this, a large amount of data is generated every day from various domains, and one of the domains is medical health records. A large amount of medical data is generated every day. Such as electronic medical records, medical images, diagnostic reports, X-rays, MRI scans, etc. These medical records can help in treating a patient when needed and can be shared with different medical institutions. There are systems built that are used to store all the medical records of patients. But they are centralized and may not be secured, and a user may not know how and where these records are shared. However, if these medical records are leaked or shared with a third party, the owner of that medical record may not know how and where these medical records are used, thus sabotaging the patient's privacy. Therefore, controlling the access rights to medical data is an urgent issue. On the other hand, patients do not have any proper application that will help them store and view their history of medical records and have control over them. This project aims to build a decentralized application to store the medical records of patients on the Ethereum Blockchain and Inter Planetary File System (IPFS). This app will help users to keep electronic medical records in one place, and the user will have full control over their data. This app will help doctors diagnose the patients by seeing their medical history. This will also help researchers to research various diseases. This app will store the data of patients from doctors and pathology labs. Users will be able to control who can add the medical details and see them. They can give access and revoke it. This application will store the file in DICOM, JPEG, JPG, PNG, and PDF format. In this application, there is no centralized authority. This application is secured because of peer-to-peer and distributed networks, it is tamper-proof. User has control over their data. They can choose whom to share their data with, and blockchain is reliable.
The presence of bitcoin invites many uncertainties, such as concerning its legality and the statement that bitcoin is not an official currency in Indonesia. Objective: This research aims to analyze the bitcoins in the perspective of the Islamic Law. Method: This research uses the literature review method. The literary materials obtained are in the form of scientific papers, online media, books, etc. that concerns the analyzed object. Findings: The circulation of bitcoin in Indonesia as a medium of exchange cannot be regarded as a currency, as it does not fulfill the terms and conditions for something to be called money. The bitcoin’s function does not commensurate with the function of money in the concept of the Islamic economy, as it tends to be a traded commodity rather than a facility of transactional exchange. In the perspective of Islamic law, the speculative use of bitcoins may bring one to the risk of violating the law on gharar (uncertainty, hazard); dharar (a transaction that may bring loss to a party); and qimar (game of chance). No authority guarantees bitcoins, and this causes harm. In conclusion, bitcoins produce more harm than good. Thus, its usage is prohibited by Islamic law. Function: This research provides an explanation of the legality of bitcoins, that may aid the Indonesian society to decide whether or not they can use bitcoins according to the law and th sharia. Novelty: There has not been any researches that study the same topic as that discussed in this article.
Asha Sharma, Shurveer S. Bhanawat, Raj Bahadur Sharma
Accounting has always been influenced by digital technology, although most of it has been replacing analogue instruments with digital versions. A blockchain is a digital ledger that is used to record transactions between different participants in a network. It is an internet-based, peer-to-peer distributed ledger that contains all transactions since its inception. Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the world humanity implementing in the business based on the concept of transmitting valuable digital assets like bitcoin without the need of a third-party intermediary. Blockchain is considered as a type of database or a sort of digital ledger, which is widely used by many financial organizations. It's a distributed ledger which keeps records of immutable and verifiable data. This blockchain technology permits decentralized ledger transactions to be produced without the intervention of a third party. Because of its decentralization, networks have a high degree of protection. The aim of the study is to investigate various decisions making factors, affecting in adopting blockchain technology in the field of accounting. The result showed that secure and private, transparent and auditable, immutable, better transparency, reduce cost, transparency, real-time transaction, and flexible are most likely influencing factors in adoption of blockchain technology. The result indicates that the Quorum, Sap Hana, and Ethereum, platforms are most consistent and trusted platforms for block chain technology and the blockchain platforms are found most suitable, secured and stronger platform. Received: 25 October 2021 / Accepted: 2 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Khairunnisa Harahap, Tuti Anggraini, Asmuni Asmuni
Cryptocurrency dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran, Investasi, maupun Trading. Beberapa jenis Cryptocurrency selain Bitcoin juga banyak digunakan. Pro dan kontra di masyarakat terjadi akibat perbedaan pendapat mengenai Cryptocurrency. Karena belum ada legalitas mengenai Cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran maupun mata uang yang diakui di Indonesia. Harganya yang Fluktuatif serta keamanannya yang masih terdapat cela membuat perdebatan mengenai Cryptocurrency seperti pada Bitcoin belum mencapai titik terang. Dalam Perspektif hukum islam, sebagian Ulama berpendapat bahwa bentuk mata uang digital ini tidak mempunyai kejelasan dan tidak dapat dilihat fisiknya memungkinkan terjadinya penipuan menjadikan Cryptocurrency mengandung unsur Gharar. Kemudian penggunaan Cryptocurrency dalam Investasi maupun Trading menjadikannya tidak lepas dari spekulasi mengenai harganya yang sangat Fluktuatif dan hanya digunakan sebagai alat untung rugi maka Cryptocurrency mengandung unsur Maysir. Karena urgensi mata uang Kripto ini sangat luas terutama dalam cakupan teknologi dan ekonomi
Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh, Abdullah Ayub Khan, Лаура Байтенова, Gulmira Zambinova · 8 authors
This paper proposes a novel and secure blockchain hyperledger sawtooth-enabled consortium analytical model for smart educational accreditation credential evaluation. Indeed, candidate academic credentials are generated, verified, and validated by the universities and transmitted to the Higher Education Department (HED). The objective is to enable the procedure of credential verification and analyze tamper-proof forged records before validation. For this reason, we designed and created an accreditation analytical model to investigate individual collected credentials from universities and examine candidates’ records of credibility using machine learning techniques and maintain all these aspects of analysis and addresses in the distributed storage with a secure hash-encryption (SHA-256) blockchain consortium network, which runs on a peer-to-peer (P2P) structure. In this proposed analytical model, we deployed a blockchain distributed mechanism to investigate the examiner and analyst processes of accreditation credential protection and storage criteria, which are referred to as chaincodes or smart contracts. These chaincodes automate the distributed credential schedule, generation, verification, validation, and monitoring of the overall model nodes’ transactions. The chaincodes include candidate registration with the associated university (candidateReg()), certificate-related accreditation credentials update (CIssuanceTrans()), and every node’s transactions preservation in the immutable storage (ULedgerAV()) for further investigations. This model simulates the educational benchmark dataset. The result shows the merit of our model. Through extensive simulations, the blockchain-enabled analytical model provides robust performance in terms of credential management and accreditation credibility problems.
The status of the money-prospects of cryptocurrencies in both conventional and Shari’ah based literature remains hotly debated and largely indecisive. We apply/used the bibliometric approach to review the literature on/regarding the money-prospects of cryptocurrencies. We selected 264 articles published during the years 2011-2021 from Web of Science (WoS) through systematic screening to explore their influential and intellectual aspects. Bibliometric citation analysis was conducted to present/identify influential research categories, leading authors, top articles, prominent countries, and major journals within the sample. We also highlighted the trend of annual scientific production to show sustained growth in the area under research. Furthermore, keyword analysis and bibliometric coupling analysis were applied/carried out to generate networks to highlight the intellectual aspects of the money-prospects of cryptocurrencies. We used the networks of emerging themes and main clusters to conduct content analysis further. We included and reviewed studies which discussed the money-prospects of cryptocurrencies in the light of Shari’ah precepts in relevant clusters. We also identified potential future research areas (cluster-wise). Theis study helps the researchers to understand the evolution, dimensions, and emerging themes regarding the money-prospects of cryptocurrencies.
Williams Kwasi Peprah, Reynaldo P. Abas, Akwasi Ampofo
Blockchain technologyis a distributed, unchangeable ledger that makes recording transactions and managing assets in a business network much easier and nowa type of accountingsoftwareconcernedwith the transfer of assetownership and the maintenanceof anaccuratefinancial ledger. Despitethenumerousbenefits ofblockchaintechnology,there is no study on theapplicability of blockchain technologytothenormalaccountingcycle in emerging economies in Africa.Thus,thispaperprovidesgeneralinsightsonhowblockchaintechnologymaybeusedinthenormalaccountingcycle in West Africa.Thestudyadoptedaqualitativeresearchmethodandcontentanalysisresearchdesigntounderstand the extent to which business leaders in West Africa are aware, understand, and utilize blockchain technology in the processing of accounting transactions to the preparation of financial statements.Results indicatethat West African business leaders are well aware, understand and applyblockchaintechnologyapplicationsinthenormalaccountingcycle,anditprovidescostsavings,digitalidentity,andsecurity.Thestudyrecommendsfurtherinvestigationsintohowtoaddressscalabilitywhen dealingwith recurrent and large transactions.
Anton M. Anton Permana, Carty Irawan, Dede Sukmawan
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perdebatan instrumen investasi mana yang terbaik, yaitu Saham atau Cryptocurrency. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari tahu strategi mana yang optimal untuk kedua permasalahan tersebut menggunakan Game Theory. Dataset dikumpulkan melalui Google Form yang disebarkan di grup Telegram dan Facebook Saham dan Cryptocurrency. Sebelum dianalisa dengan Game Theory dilakukan harus sudah melalui Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas agar mengetahui strategi mana yang tidak valid. Setelah dilakukannya analisis ditemukan hasil dengan menggunakan Strategi Murni, yang dimana diambil 2 sudut pandang, yaitu Saham yang diunggulkan dan Crypto yang diunggulkan. Maka dengan penelitian ini, dapat terjawab strategi mana yang terbaik untuk kedua jenis instrumen investasi tersebut.
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<p>Sertifikat merupakan sebuah bentuk penghargaan yang didapat seseorang setelah menyelesaikan suatu uji kompetensi atau pembelajaran tertentu. Sertifikat harus dibuat dan disimpan dengan metode dan keamanan yang baik untuk mencegah terjadinya perubahan isi atau bahkan pemalsuan. Teknologi blockchain merupakan teknologi yang memungkinkan proses penyimpanan yang aman dengan ongkos yang rendah. Keamanan terjamin karena semua orang bisa mengambil bagian untuk menyimpan data dengan ledger yang terdistribusi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan perancangan sistem yang dibuat dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pembuatan teknologi blockchain sebagai media penerbitan sertifikat dan validasinya dapat dibuat menggunakan program milik Ethereum yaitu Geth dan penyimpanan data menggunakan smart contract yang diterbitkan pada jaringan blockchain. Hasil dari pengujian reliabilitas terhadap sistem menunjukkan bahwa bahwa sistem berhasil memproses 200 transaksi dalam waktu kurang lebih 8 detik. Untuk pengujian skalabilitas didapatkan estimasi 10 juta blok membutuhkan kapasitas penyimpanan sebesar 22,6 GB untuk menjadi node atau miner pada jaringan blockchain ini.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>A certificate is a form of appreciation that a person receives after completing a certain competency or learning test. Certificates must be created and stored with good methods and security to prevent changes in content or even forgery. Blockchain technology is technology that allows secure storage processes at a low cost. Security is guaranteed because everyone can take part in storing data with a distributed ledger. Based on the results of research and design of the system, it can be concluded that the process of making blockchain technology as a media for issuing certificates and validation can be made using Ethereum's proprietary program Geth and data storage using smart contracts issued on the blockchain network. The results of the reliability testing of the system indicate that the system successfully processed 200 transactions in approximately 8 seconds. For scalability testing, it is estimated that 10 million blocks require a storage capacity of 22.6 GB to become a node or miner on this blockchain network.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
In the metaverse era, there are several business opportunities that can be obtained by the people, one of which is NFT. NFT is an NFT or Non-Fungible Token is a token (based on program code on the blockchain) that represents digital files, including photos, images, songs, sound recordings, videos, and games. Thus, NFT is a digital-based asset so it is relatively easy to trade because it does not require real space which is more expensive. Meanwhile, the research method carried out is descriptive qualitative using secondary data based on phenomena by using analysis from relevant references. The result of his research is that NFT is one of the easiest business opportunities to do in the metaverse era.
Technological developments continue to encourage the creation of various innovations in almost all aspects of human life. One of the innovations that is becoming a worldwide phenomenon today is the presence of cryptocurrency as a digital currency that is able to replace the role of conventional currency as a means of payment. Currently, the number of cryptocurrency investors in Indonesia has reached 4.45 million people as of March 2021, an increase of 78% compared to the end of the previous year. Very volatile price movements make cryptocurrency investments considered speculative so the risks faced are also very high. The purpose of this study is to build a predictive model that is able to forecast prices on the cryptocurrency market. The algorithm used to build the prediction model is Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). LSTM is the development of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithm to overcome problems in the RNN in managing data for a long period. LSTM is considered superior to other algorithms in managing time series data. The data in this study were taken from the Yahoo Finance website using the Pandas Datareader library through Google Collaboratory. The entire prediction model development process is carried out through Google Collaboratory tools. To improve the accuracy of the model, the Nadam optimization algorithm was used and three testing sessions were carried out with the number of Epochs of 1, 10, and 20 in each session. The final test results show that the best prediction performance occurs when testing the DOGE coin type with the number of Epoch 20 which gets an RMSE value of 0.0630.
Rico Nur Ilham, Isfenti Sadalia, Nisrul Irawati, Irada Sinta
<p><em>Cryptocurrency is an investment commodity that can generate returns and already has a license to be traded in exchange trading through the Indonesian Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPEPTI). There are quite a lot of crypto digital assets traded in Indonesia through the trading company Indodax. The purpose of this research is focused on formulating a risk management process in cryptocurrency digital asset investment. In addition, from the results of this study, a policy recommendation known as LCTR or "Legal Cryptocurrency and Tax Revenue" is expected to be considered by the government in formulating policies on crypto digital assets so that the interests of all parties can be accommodated for the realization of maximum state revenue from commodity trading. crypto digital assets. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with the research population, namely 5 cryptocurrency coins with the largest market caps in Indonesia, namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin in Indonesia. The type of data in this study is time series data taken from March 2021 to December 2021 by conducting a documentation study conducted on the publication of monthly cryptocurrency transaction reports, so that a target population of 240 (4 years x 12 months x 5 coins) monthly report data is obtained. for the research sample. The data analysis method in this study used multiple linear regression and data analysis used statistical software e-views version 10. The output of this study was the publication of reputable international journals,</em><em></em></p><p> </p>
Since 2009, blockchain has become a potentially transformative information technology that is expected to be as revolutionary as the Internet. Originally developed as a methodology for recording cryptocurrency transactions, the functionality of the blockchain has grown into a large number of applications, such as banking, financial markets, insurance, voting systems, lease contracts, and government services. Despite such advances, the application of blockchain accounting and assurance is still unexplored. This paper aims to provide an initial discussion of how blockchain can enable a real-time, verifiable and transparent accounting ecosystem. In addition, blockchain has the potential to change current auditing practices, resulting in a more precise and timely automated audit system.
Technological evolution has contributed to considerable changes in the learning methods used today. If a few years ago, before the technological boom, students relied only on their memory capacity, on notes on sheets of paper and written materials (in the form of course materials, books, or textbooks), today the process of learning is significantly facilitated by the means and techniques involved in the use of technology, such as artificial intelligence, smartphones, and tablets, which are rapidly replacing bulky desktop computers and outdated textbooks used in the learning process. Moreover, blockchain technology can also be used as a motivational factor for developing learning abilities by implementing a system that can bring students credit points convertible into cryptocurrencies or online badges. Studies conducted in the field show that students’ motivation for learning and creativity is significantly improved with the help of this reward system. In this article, two specialized studies were conducted (in Romania), one on the perception of teachers in the university environment towards the use of new technologies in the learning process (artificial intelligence, smartphones, and tablets), and the other on the perception of students on the technological integration of blockchain (by implementing a system that can bring students credit points convertible into cryptocurrencies or online badges to certify their knowledge) in the learning process and measuring their satisfaction.
Voting is arguably the most important as well as elementary right in democracy that has existed for the past hundreds of years; it has taken place in the context of a large- and small-scale community. The process transitioned from paper ballots to electronic voting machines (EVM) in the late 20th century, but even with all the advancement, transparency in the election process remained the same. Blockchain technology came in existence in 2008 with the introduction of Bitcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto, and in the last decade we saw enormous growth in development and execution of this technology in various fields e-voting is one of them, blockchain-based e-voting system has potential to improve the election process if utilized to its potential. Blockchain can eliminate the need to print ballot paper as it is secure, immutable and convenient to voters and can make elections more transparent.