Blockchain Papers

Oleh Senyk

Сеник О.І

Weiqi Hua

In efforts to meet the targets of carbon emissions reduction in power systems, policy makers formulate measures for facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and demand side carbon mitigation. Smart grid provides an opportunity for bidirectional communication among policy makers, generators and consumers. With the help of smart meters, increasing number of consumers is able to produce, store, and consume energy, giving them the new role of prosumers. This thesis aims to address how smart grid enables prosumers to be appropriately integrated into energy markets for decarbonising power systems.
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\nThis thesis firstly proposes a Stackelberg game-theoretic model for dynamic negotiation of policy measures and determining optimal power profiles of generators and consumers in day-ahead market. Simulation results show that the proposed model is capable of saving electricity bills, reducing carbon emissions, and increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources. Secondly, a data-driven prosumer-centric energy scheduling tool is developed by using learning approaches to reduce computational complexity from model-based optimisation. This scheduling tool exploits convolutional neural networks to extract prosumption patterns, and uses scenarios to analyse possible variations of uncertainties caused by the intermittency of renewable energy sources and flexible demand. Case studies confirm that the proposed scheduling tool can accurately predict optimal scheduling decisions under various system scales and uncertain scenarios. Thirdly, a blockchain-based peer-to-peer trading framework is designed to trade energy and carbon allowance. The bidding/selling prices of individual prosumers can directly incentivise the reshaping of prosumption behaviours. Case studies demonstrate the execution of smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain and testify that the proposed trading framework outperforms the centralised trading and aggregator-based trading in terms of regional energy balance and reducing carbon emissions caused by long-distance transmissions.

A. Michail

Information security incident under-reporting is unambiguously a business problem, as identified by a variety of sources, such as ENISA (2012), Symantec (2016), Newman (2018) and more. This research project identified the underlying issues that cause this problem and proposed a solution, in the form of an innovative artefact, which confronts a number of these issues. This research project was conducted according to the requirements of the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) by Peffers et al (2007). The research question set at the beginning of this research project, probed the feasible formation of an incident reporting solution, which would increase the motivational level of users towards the reporting of incidents, by utilizing the positive features offered by existing solutions, on one hand, but also by providing added value to the users, on the other. The comprehensive literature review chapter set the stage, and identified the reasons for incident underreporting, while also evaluating the existing solutions and determining their advantages and disadvantages. The objectives of the proposed artefact were then set, and the artefact was designed and developed. The output of this development endeavour is “IRDA”, the first decentralized incident reporting application (DApp), built on “Quorum”, a permissioned blockchain implementation of Ethereum. Its effectiveness was demonstrated, when six organizations accepted to use the developed artefact and performed a series of pre-defined actions, in order to confirm the platform’s intended functionality. The platform was also evaluated using Venable et al’s (2012) evaluation framework for DSR projects. This research project contributes to knowledge in various ways. It investigates blockchain and incident reporting, two domains which have not been extensively examined and the available literature is rather limited. Furthermore, it also identifies, compares, and evaluates the conventional, reporting platforms, available, up to date. In line with previous findings (e.g Humphrey, 2017), it also confirms the lack of standard taxonomies for information security incidents. This work also contributes by creating a functional, practical artefact in the blockchain domain, a domain where, according to Taylor et al (2019), most studies are either experimental proposals, or theoretical concepts, with limited practicality in solving real-world problems. Through the evaluation activity, and by conducting a series of non-parametric significance tests, it also suggests that IRDA can potentially increase the motivational level of users towards the reporting of incidents. This thesis describes an original attempt in utilizing the newly emergent blockchain technology, and its inherent characteristics, for addressing those concerns which actively contribute to the business problem. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, there is currently no other solution offering similar benefits to users/organizations for incident reporting purposes. Through the accomplishment of this project’s pre-set objectives, the developed artefact provides a positive answer to the research question. The artefact, featuring increased anonymity, availability, immutability and transparency levels, as well as an overall lower cost, has the potential to increase the motivational level of organizations towards the reporting of incidents, thus improving the currently dismaying statistics of incident under-reporting. The structure of this document follows the flow of activities described in the DSRM by Peffers et al (2007), while also borrowing some elements out of the nominal structure of an empirical research process, including the literature review chapter, the description of the selected research methodology, as well as the “discussion and conclusion” chapter.

Chris Berg, Sinclair Davidson, Jason Potts

No abstract is available for this record.

Alexandre Pacheco, Volker Strobel, Marco Dorigo

No abstract is available for this record.

Sagar Rao, Shalomi Fernandes, Samruddhi Raorane, Shafaque Fatma Syed

No abstract is available for this record.

Hao Chen, Wunan Wan, Jinyue Xia, Shibin Zhang · 7 authors

As a new form of network, the Internet of things (IoT) is becoming more widely used in people’s lives. In this paper, related theoretical research and practical applications of the IoT are explored. The security of the IoT has become a hot research topic. Access controls are methods that control reasonable allocations of data and resources and ensure the security of the IoT. However, most access control systems do not dynamically assign users’ rights. Additionally, with some access control systems, there is a risk of overstepping other user’s authority, and there may exist a central authority that is a single point of failure. Therefore, to solve these problems, this paper proposes a Task-Attribute-Based Access Control scheme for the IoT via blockchain that combines the access control technologies of both the IoT and blockchain. This model, which merges the advantages of task-based access controls and attribute-based access controls, is perfectly integrated with blockchain technology. This model uses hash functions and digital signature algorithms to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data, and it can dynamically allocate users’ minimum privileges and thus perfectly solves the single point of failure problem. The model is implemented using a Geth client and solidity code, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.

Elias Strehle, Lennart Ante

No abstract is available for this record.

Domagoj Karačić, David Krmpotić, Marija Ileš

The budget revenues of cities in the last few years have not been constant and are largely dependent on a number of factors such as: uncertain trends in the local and world economy, uneven criteria for urban development and numerous perennial legislative changes. A lot of legal changes have been made in the Republic of Croatia relating to budget planning and defining the sources of financing of cities, moreover, the Personal Income Tax Act has been amended six times in the period from 2014 to 2019, and the Act on the Financing of Local and Regional Self-Government Units has been amended several times, with a new law on local taxes being introduced in 2018. The reasons for numerous legal changes are twofold and partially stem from the adjustment to the relief of the Croatian economy, and partially from the state's efforts to further relieve the tax burden on labour and income taxation. These changes reflected on, and significantly affected, the fiscal capacity of the revenues of large cities. Recommendations are aimed at greater fiscal autonomy of large cities and are aimed at further implementation of fiscal decentralization, especially in the area related to tax revenues.

Vangelis Malamas, Thomas K. Dasaklis, Veni Arakelian, Gregory Chondrokoukis

No abstract is available for this record.

Gijs van Dam, Rabiah Abdul Kadir, Puteri N. E. Nohuddin, Halimah Badioze Zaman

No abstract is available for this record.

Brian Kachnowski

No abstract is available for this record.

Makoto Yano, Chris Dai, Kenichi Masuda, Yoshio Kishimoto

The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry regards the process of incorporating new information technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analysis into society as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This view is reflected in the Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan. The plan advocates Society 5.0, in which cyber space and physical space are integrated to support an affluent and human-friendly society.

Macià Mut–Puigserver, Miquel À. Cabot-Nadal, M. Magdalena Payeras–Capellà

Recently several proposals of blockchain-based solutions for traditional e-commerce applications have been presented, taking advantage of the fact that blockchain is a technology that offers an immutable registry of data. Among these proposals we can find solutions for certified notifications, digital signature of contracts, escrow protocols, fair payments and registered deliveries. In order to execute fair exchanges, most solutions involve trusted third parties, known as TTP, supervising the exchanges in a way or another. Until now, two solutions have been presented for Registered electronic Delivery (eDelivery) services. This service allows a user to prove that he has sent some data to a set of receivers. These protocols differ in the properties achieved and also in the use of trusted third parties. The first protocol is a blockchain-based solution without TTP for the eDelivery of non-confidential data. The second protocol allows also the eDelivery of confidential data. However, this second proposal requires the involvement of a TTP in a non-mandatory resolution phase. In this paper we present a new protocol that achieves the best properties of the previous solutions at the same time. The new protocol doesn't require the involvement of a TTP at any moment while it allows the eDelivery of confidential data, satisfying the security requirements for this service.

Fabio Masini

The Covid19-related emergency has changed our perspectives on individual and collective priorities. Two aspects in particular will probably stand out for their impact on the way societies will change and adapt to the transformation required (and induced) by this shock. The first is the need to rethink social, economic, political, and territorial planning in a way that allows a prompt, more efficient, decentralized – but also coordinated – response to exogenous shocks, that transcends current (State-centered) administrative and policy boundaries.The second issue is how to finance crucial local infrastructure that allow such local areas to effectively react to exogenous shocks and challenges. The paper explores the possible use ot the EMS for this purpose.

Luiz Almeida Sampaio Filho

The behavior of the foreign exchange and cryptocurrency markets was studied from the perspective of the theory of dynamical systems. Using the phase space reconstruction procedure under the validity of Takens' theorem (1981). The presence of serial dependence was investigated through the BDS test, the property of sensitivity to initial conditions through the Lyapunov maximum exponent and the distinction between deterministic and stochastic signals observing the behavior of the E2(d) function in Cao's method (1997). Evaluating 17 exchange rate log-return series, evidence of serial dependence, possibly non-linear, was found in 11 of them. As for sensitivity to initial conditions, no series has shown conclusive results on such a property. All series presented evidence that they follow processes of a random nature and non-Gaussian increments, in the same way as the cryptocurrency log-return series. Of the 10 series of cryptocurrencies, the IID hypothesis was rejected for 8 of them, and none presented a conclusive result regarding a positive Lyapunov exponent. As a conclusion, no consistent characteristics of chaotic dynamics were found for the foreign exchange and digital currency markets in the analyzed period.

Vanja Ivljanin

Die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Internets macht es zu einer wertvollen Datenquelle. Produkte wie Twitter und Google Trends implementieren APIs die es erlauben diese Daten zu nützen. Da diese zwei Produkte große Mengen von Nutzerdaten speichern, kann man Sie nützen um Vorhersagen über das Benutzerverhalten in bestimmten Bereichen zu machen. In dieser Arbeit, beschreiben und implementieren wir statistische Method um Vorhersagen über den Bitcoin Wechselkurs mittels Stimmungsanalyse, der Frequenz von Tweets über Bitcoin und dem Interessenniveau zum Suchbegriff Bitcoin. Weiters zeigen wir wie das stündliche Handelsvolumen von Bitcoin mittels der stündlichen Rate von Tweets über Bitcoin und Google Trends Daten vorhergesagt werden kann. In dieser Arbeit analysieren wir Daten aus dem Zeitraum Juli 2018 bis August 2018, d.h. zwei Monate. Erstens benützen wir die stündlichen Informationen über Tweet Stimmung, Tweet Frequenz und Google Suchdaten über Bitcoin um eine kausale Verbindung zwischen diesen Daten und dem aktuellen Preis von Bitcoin. Zweitens entwickeln wir ein vektorautoregressives Modell (VAR) dass erfolgreich den Bitcoin Wechselkurs und das Bitcoin Handelsvolumen vorhersagt. Weiters, verwenden wir zwei unterschiedliche Algorithmen, SentiStrength and Stanford Core NLP, um Stimmungsinformation zu erhalten. Wir zeigen dass mit dem SentiStrength Algorithmus welcher für kurze Nachrichten wie Tweets geeignet ist unser Modell bessere Resultate erzielt. Spezifisch, zeigen wir dass unser Modell wenn kombiniert mit SentiStrength eine Genauigkeit von 63% für Vorhersagen bezüglich dem Anstieg und Abstieg des Bitcoin Wechselkurses aufweist. Auf der anderen Seite, wenn man unser Modell mit Stanford Core NLP kombiniert erhalten wir eine Genauigkeit von 59%. Drittens, benutzen wir die Tweet-Frequenz und Suchinformationen um das Bitcoin Handelsvolumen mit einem mittleren quadratischen Fehler von 172.76 vorherzusagen. Zusammenfassend, zeigen wir in dieser Arbeit dass Informationen von Twitter und Google Trends sehr hilfreich sind wenn es um die Vorhersage zwei wichtiger Bitcoin Eigenschaften, Wechselkurs und Handelsvolumen, geht.

F Mattassoglio

Within the new domain of the crypto-asset – which can be described as a ‘digital asset that may depend on cryptography and exists on distributed ledger’ – initial coin offerings (ICOs) have attracted the attention of financial authorities and regulators worldwide. Over the last two years, legislative initiatives regarding this phenomenon have proliferated within the European Union member states and are now driving the European Commission to act. This action is based on the common opinion that ICOs should present remarkable peculiarities and potentialities among the alternative forms of financing for small and medium enterprises. In this regard, this paper proposes an innovative and ad hoc regulatory approach for all ICO categories, including ones that issue tokens considered to be securities. This research is based upon the recognition that the traditional legal framework was not designed to face the specific needs and risks posed by these instruments, neither from the perspective of consumer protection nor from the view that serious operators need rules regarding.

CC Gooi, Gholam Reza Emad

Advanced technology provides greater opportunities for physical integration of transportation modes driven by containerization in respond to the evolving demands of consumer. The inception of Web 2.0, together with Industry 4.0, which introduced digitalisation including Blockchain technology has ushered in a substantial attention in shipping and port operation. The introduction of Blockchain technology - a distributed ledger server to store, verify, and authenticate parties' transactions - will increase the efficiency, consistency, and visibility of the entire supply chain system. It is expected that Blockchain will soon become a standard practice throughout the industry. Many scholars advocate that the next wave of technology will come from Blockchain as it represents the foundation of a new digital supply chain system. This will help improving the overall efficiency by defining traceability while enabling source tracking, optimizing order and freight tracking, and fostering trust between the organization and customers. Therefore, this paper through a comprehensive systematic literature review attempts to investigate the possibility of application of blockchain in shipping and port operation.

Savitha Kulkarni, Sangeeta Nigadi

The vulnerabilities in today's banking system are increasing day by day, where security is the major issue. Today's banking system is totally built on centralised databases. Vulnerabilities can be reduced by rebuilding banking system with blockchain, which is a decentralised distributed ledger which will remove the centralised database architecture and decentralise the data over the blockchain. The transactions in blockchain are verified by each and every node of the chain, so that it will make the transactions faster and secure. This research paper is focused on the vulnerabilities, security and privacy issues and the impact of blockchain technology on Indian banking sector. The data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Likert scale was employed for designing the questionnaire. Samples of 250 employees from public sector banks were collected. Various factors were identified for the analysis, which employed factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and hypothesis. It was found that adoption of blockchain technology reduces the vulnerabilities in the Indian banking sector.

Yong Yan, Yao Dai, Zhiqiang Zhou, Wei Jiang · 5 authors

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is rapidly evolving, but there is no trusted platform to protect user privacy, protect information between different IoT domains, and promote edge processing. Therefore, we integrate th... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Md Sadek Ferdous, Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury, Kamanashis Biswas, Niaz Chowdhury · 5 authors

Abstract The popularity of smart cars is increasing around the world as they offer a wide range of services and conveniences. These smart cars are equipped with a variety of sensors generating a large amount of data, many of which are critical. Besides, there are multiple parties involved in the lifespan of a smart car, such as manufacturers, car owners, government agencies, and third-party service providers who also generate data about the vehicle. In addition to managing and sharing data among these entities in a secure and privacy-friendly way which is a great challenge itself, there exists a trust deficit about some types of data as they remain under the custody of the car owner (e.g. satellite navigation and mileage data) and can easily be manipulated. In this article, we propose a blockchain-assisted architecture enabling the owner of a smart car to create an immutable record of every data, called the autobiography of a car, generated within its lifespan. We also explain how the trust about this record is guaranteed by the immutability characteristic of the blockchain. Furthermore, the article describes how the proposed architecture enables a secure and privacy-preserving mechanism for sharing of smart car data among different parties.

Irina Adelgeym

The study is devoted to the changes that have undergone since 1989, such an important area of the literary process as the market of literary and critical periodicals, experienced the «pros» and «cons» of the new system and changes in the position of the Word in the life of Polish society. The political change that contributed to the decentralization and diversity of literary life, led first to the flourishing, and then to the crisis of the market of literary-artistic and literary-critical publications, which is due to reasons not only economic (lack of finance), but also social and cultural (literature has lost its former significant place in public communication, decreased interest in the differentiation of society).

Jens Gudmundsson, Jens Leth Hougaard, Chiu Yu Ko

When actions by one agent force another to deviate from their agreements with a third, "victim" turns into "injurer" in the chain's subsequent steps. Should the chain's initiator be responsible only for the direct harm they cause or also bear some of the indirect losses they trigger? Through an axiomatic approach, we<br/>characterize the class of fixed-fraction rules, which strike a balance between incentives for accident prevention on the one hand and fairness in terms of how liabilities are assigned on the other. Their simple design make the rules ideal for practical implementation through smart contracts, enabling automated conflict resolution.