Il lavoro ricostruisce i profili tecnici della blockchain, degli Smart Contracts e degli NFTs quali mattoncini di base per lo sviluppo di nuove forme di commercio e le crittomonete, visto che rappresentano lo strumento di supporto di questi nuovi modelli di business.La natura decentralizzata delle Blockchain permetter di produrre e negoziare nuovi contenuti digitali attraverso transazioni trasparenti e tracciabili senza la necessit di coinvolgere intermediari.Per questo si sottolinea come gli utenti che sapranno cogliere le nuove opportunit legate alla finanza decentralizzata (DeFi), al metaverso e alle nuove tecnologie avranno un vantaggio competitivo nell'evoluzione del World Wide.The work reconstructs the technical profiles of Blockchain, Smart Contracts and NFTs as essential building blocks for developing new forms of commerce and cryptocurrencies, representing the fundamental tool to support these new business models.The decentralized nature of Blockchains will allow new digital content to be produced and traded through transparent and traceable transactions without the need to involve intermediaries.For this reason, it is underlined that users who can seize the new opportunities linked to decentralized finance (DeFi), the Metaverse and new technologies will have an essential competitive advantage in the evolution of the World Wide Web.Sommario: 1. Introduzione alla blockchain -1.1 Struttura della blockchain -1.2 Protocolli di consenso -1.3.Sicurezza della blockchain -2.Web 3.0, Wallets e Smart Contracts -3.Assets digitali e NFTs -4.
William P. Rey, Carl Jose M Guingab, Mark Joseph C. Sheng, John Ray D. Tamayo
This study presents the development and evaluation of a Web-Based Loan Management System incorporating smart contracts for a lending company. Focused on enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency in the lending process, the research integrates blockchain technology, Hyperledger Fabric, and API functionalities. Performance testing using GTMetrix ensures reliability. User acceptance testing, employing the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and System Usability Scale (SUS), reveals positive pragmatic and hedonic qualities, with a final SUS score of 90, indicating excellent usability. The results suggest that the system, equipped with innovative technologies, holds promise for lending companies seeking secure and efficient financial solutions.
Miguel Cárdenas, Carlos Madeira, Raúl Morales-Reséndiz, Miguel Musa · 6 authors
Distributed ledger technologies (DLT) are increasingly considered to enhance payment systems’ and market infrastructures’ functionalities like their accessibility and interoperability. We explore DLT architecture options to enable a new tiered access in the RTGS system of Chile for new payment service providers (PSP). We find that by introducing decentralized apps (DApps) the RTGS system would become more accessible and interoperable by enabling a tiered access to new participants. Our work also suggests that central banks exploring design alternatives for retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) could find relevant our approach as a pivot to build a far-reaching PSP network.
Andrea De Salve, Alessandro Brighente, Mauro Conti
Modeling and predicting the behavior of nodes and users in blockchains provide opportunities for business strategy optimization. Indeed, the number of interactions of a node is strictly related to its balance and its prediction may be used for analytics purposes and investment strategies. However, the amount and diversity of information stored on the blockchain demand advanced tools for the modeling and analysis of blockchain data. Such tools should be able to capture the dynamicity and interaction of multiple independent actors, considering a large number of variables and dynamic interaction graph topologies. This is exacerbated by the use of smart contracts, programs stored in blockchain blocks that bring automation to blockchain’s operations and thus increasing the variability of the resulting interaction graphs. Existing modeling methodologies are unable to keep track of all these details, as they are not able to capture the temporal variability of the network. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for modeling and predicting the behavior of smart contracts on a blockchain. We propose the concept of temporal smart contracts networks, i.e., graphs representing the temporal evolution of interactions and data flow. Our framework allows the creation of temporal smart contract networks with different granularity levels by considering different interaction patterns between smart contracts, externally owned accounts, and internal transactions. Thanks to these graphs, we are able to model features such as the node in degree and amount of ether received by a smart contract, which are directly related to its behavior. We incorporate our modeling approach in Ethereum Data Inspection Tool (EDIT), a novel tool able to model interactions and predict them based on historical data. We test different machine learning models to predict features extracted by EDIT, hence allowing for the prediction of the overall behavior of the smart contract. We test EDIT on the Ethereum blockchain and model several temporal smart contracts networks, which represent the interactions and the data flow resulting from about 4 000 000 consecutive blocks. The evaluation of different real case studies shows that the proposed framework is able to predict, with a mean absolute error close to 1%, the evolution of several interesting properties (e.g., amount of received ether) related to both accounts and smart contracts.
Collaborative Enterprise (CE) comprises of organizations that adopt digital platforms to achieve shared goals.In CE the prospect of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) such as blockchain is reliant on its capability to integrate with other systems to improve organizational operations.But the inability for different blockchains to communicate with one another is an inherent issue as it puts a strain on the mainstream deployment of blockchains in CE.Therefore, this study presents a standardized architecture to support DLT interoperability and intraoperability within CE.A structural review was conducted after which design science research methodology was adopted to validate the architecture.
Eric Chiquito, Ulf Bodin, Olov Schelén, Ahmed Afif Monrat
Open-cry electronic auctions have revolutionized the landscape of high-value transactions for buying and selling goods. Online platforms such as eBay and Tradera have popularized these auctions due to their global accessibility and convenience. However, these centralized auctioning platforms rely on trust in a central entity to manage and control the processing of bids, e.g., the submission time and validity. The use of blockchain technologies for constructing decentralized systems has gained popularity for their versatility and useful properties toward decentralization. However, blockchain-based open-cry auctions, are sensitive to the order of transactions and deadlines which, in the absence of a governing party, need to be provided in the system design. In this paper, we identify the key properties for the development of decentralized open-cry auctioning systems, including verifiability, transaction immutability, ordering, and time synchronization. Three prominent blockchain platforms, namely, Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, and R3 Corda were analyzed in terms of their capabilities to ensure these properties for gap identification. We propose a solution design that addresses these key properties and presents a proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation of such design. Our PoC uses Hyperledger Fabric and mitigates the identified gaps related to the time synchronization of this system by utilizing an external component. During the chaincode execution, the creation and submission of bids initiate requests to the time service API. This API service retrieves trusted timestamps from NTP services to obtain accurate bid times. We then analyzed the system design and implementation in the context of the identified key properties. Lastly, we conducted a performance evaluation of the time service and the PoC system implementation in time-sensitive scenarios and assessed its overall performance.
As the global economy continues to grow, more companies are outsourcing their logistics activities to third-party logistics (3PL) providers. This is because consumers have a high demand for various types of goods delivery, \nincluding for small and large packages, light and heavy items, and so on. As a result, package delivery services have become more competitive, offering a range of services to meet these diverse needs. However, this increase in competition has also made it more important for consumers to carefully consider their options and choose a delivery service that is efficient,cost-effective, and reliable. The solution is to use a logistics recommendation system and smart contracts that allow consumers to easily determine and order logistics services according to their needs. Therefore, in this study the author want to state that this paper as proposed paper.
This paper investigates the relationship between national culture and the early adoption of Bitcoin. Utilizing a dataset comprised of Google Trends data on Bitcoin search interest for 64 countries, we construct measures of early Bitcoin adoption and examine their correlation with Hofstede's cultural dimension scores. Our findings reveal that in developed countries, lower Masculinity and Long-Term Orientation are associated with earlier Bitcoin adoption. In contrast, developing countries with lower Indulgence are found to adopt Bitcoin early. This paper contributes to the literature by highlighting how different cultural traits, moderated by a country's development status, can influence the Bitcoin early adoption.
Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist die Darstellung von Techniken zur Verfolgung von Transaktionen und Entitäten auf der Bitcoin Blockchain. Die zugrundeliegende Forschungsfrage lautet wie folgt: Welche Aussagekraft und Grenzen haben Heuristiken und Analysemethoden zur Nachverfolgung von Bitcointransaktionen und wie wirken sie sich auf deren Anonymität aus? Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wird eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Die Funktionsweise der Methoden wird dargestellt, Stärken und Schwächen der Methoden werden aufgezeigt und gegebenenfalls Verbesserungsvorschläge gemacht. Es zeigt sich, dass die Anonymität des Bitcoin-Systems aus verschiedenen Richtungen eingeschränkt werden kann. Die vorgestellten Analysemethoden haben jedoch ihre Grenzen und können die Anonymität des Bitcoinsystems nicht endgültig überwinden. Letztendlich bleibt festzuhalten, dass die Anonymität eines Nutzers von seiner Bitcoin-Nutzung und der Nutzung seines Umfelds abhängt. Ein bewusster, anonymer Umgang mit der Kryptowährung ist die Grundlage für eine solide Privatsphäre.
This paper considers introducing asymmetric privacy in the design of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) and digital currencies more generally to preserve the privacy of money spent while keeping the benefits of digital records for money received. It is shown that this feature would help minimize real distortions between consumers, firms, and financiers while enabling tax optimization and better access to external financing. Protecting the privacy of consumers is desirable from a welfare and efficiency standpoint as long as there exist noticeable privacy concerns. Implementing asymmetric privacy is technologically feasible, using, for instance, zero-knowledge proofs or other privacy tools. This paper has been accepted by Lin William Cong for the Virtual Special Issue on Digital Finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.06830 .
Purpose This paper aims to investigate optimal anti-counterfeiting strategies for non-fungible token (NFT) platforms in decentralized digital marketplaces. Using a game-theoretic model, it analyzes how verification policies shape interactions among platforms, genuine creators, counterfeiters and consumers. Addressing a theoretical gap, the study models the incentives and trade-offs platforms face when deciding whether and how much to verify product authenticity. It evaluates the impact of these decisions on consumer surplus and creator welfare, providing insights for platform operators and regulators seeking to balance profitability, authenticity and stakeholder interests. Design/methodology/approach A game-theoretic model examines strategic interactions among NFT platforms, genuine creators, counterfeiters and consumers across varying verification levels. The model incorporates dual sales channels (authentic and dubious), platform commissions and consumer heterogeneity in quality preference. By solving for subgame perfect equilibria, the analysis reveals how verification intensity influences counterfeiter entry, pricing and welfare outcomes. Comparative statics and equilibrium analysis provide managerial implications. The framework highlights the trade-offs platforms face in balancing verification costs with consumer trust and marketplace efficiency. Findings The study reveals counterintuitive results. First, the relationship between verification intensity and counterfeiter entry is non-monotonic – moderate verification can increase counterfeit activity by softening price competition between the dual channels. Second, stronger verification may reduce consumer surplus as price increases outweigh trust benefits. Third, the optimal verification level depends on verification costs and commission structures. Moderate verification often emerges as optimal, while excessive verification can harm both consumers and genuine creators. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the literature on digital platform governance and anti-counterfeiting by introducing a formal game-theoretic model tailored to decentralized NFT marketplaces. It advances understanding of how verification strategies influence market structure and welfare outcomes in environments with limited enforcement. The findings challenge conventional views that stronger verification always benefits consumers and sellers, revealing nuanced trade-offs in decentralized platforms. These insights provide a foundation for future research on optimal platform design and regulation in blockchain-enabled, trust-sensitive digital ecosystems. Practical implications This paper offers actionable guidance for NFT platform managers in designing effective anti-counterfeiting strategies. It reveals that moderate verification – rather than maximal enforcement – is often optimal, even without cost constraints, as excessive verification can unintentionally reduce consumer surplus and original creator welfare. The findings highlight the importance of aligning verification intensity with platform commission structures. Regulators are also advised to consider incentive-compatible policies that promote trust while preserving market participation. These insights support more balanced and efficient governance in decentralized digital marketplaces. Social implications This study highlights the broader societal impact of anti-counterfeiting strategies in decentralized digital economies. It shows that well-intentioned verification efforts may unintentionally harm consumers by increasing prices and limiting access to authentic digital goods. The findings call for a more nuanced understanding of how policy and platform design affect consumer welfare, creator livelihoods and digital trust. By emphasizing the trade-offs between authenticity and accessibility, the study informs policymakers and platform designers about the importance of inclusive, efficient verification mechanisms that protect stakeholders without stifling innovation or participation in the rapidly evolving NFT and blockchain ecosystems. Originality/value This study fills a theoretical gap by modeling decentralized NFT marketplaces with limited enforcement and uncertainty. It is among the first to analyze anti-counterfeiting strategies in this context, offering practical guidance for platform operators and regulators. The findings enrich digital platform governance literature by highlighting nuanced trade-offs in verification strategies.
This is a review of the session on “Law of Digital Markets”, which was part of the Postgraduate Legal Forum “Transformation of Modern Law: Trends, Benchmarks, Solutions”, organized by the State Academic University for the Humanities, GAUGN (Russia, Moscow, June 25, 2024). The main topics for discussion were digital property, decentralized autonomous organizations, personal data protection, fintech, and the challenges of regulating artificial intelligence. The session participants noted the need for coordinated work of the academic community, legislature, and agencies to develop consistent legal regulation for new digital technologies that meets the current interests of citizens, businesses, and the state.
Henrik Bjørn Axelsen, Johannes Rude Jensen, Omry Ross
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) have seen exponential growth and interest due to their potential to redefine organizational structure and governance. Despite this, there is a discrepancy between the ideals of autonomy and decentralization and the actual experiences of DAO stakeholders. The Information Systems (IS) literature has yet to explore whether DAOs are the optimal organizational choice fully. Addressing this gap, our research asks, "Is a DAO suitable for your organizational needs?" We derive a gated decision-making framework through a thematic review of the academic and grey literature on DAOs. Through five scenarios, the framework critically emphasizes the gaps between DAOs' theoretical capabilities and practical challenges. Our findings contribute to the IS discourse on blockchain technologies, with some ancillary contributions to the IS literature on organizational management and practitioner literature.