Blockchain-enabled smart contracts are subjected to several issues leading to vigorous attacks such as the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) and the ParitySig bug on the Ethereum platform with disastrous consequences. Several solutions have been proposed. However, new threats are identified as technology evolves and new solutions are produced, while some older threats remain unsolved. Thus, the need to fill the gap with a more comprehensive survey on existing issues and solutions for researchers and practitioners arises. The resulting updated database will become an essential means for choosing a particular solution for a specific subject. In this review, the authors embrace mainly codifying security privacy and performance issues and their respective solutions. Each problem is attached to its corresponding solutions when they exist. A summary of the threats and solutions is provided as well as the relationship between threat importance and the given answers. They finally enumerate some directives for future works.
Singapore is one of the leading countries in digitalization and blockchain technology. Since 2016, Singapore has implemented the Ubin project to create a national digital currency. In 2019, Singapore passed the Payment Services Act. The paper aims to analyze Singapore's legislation and MAS policies and identify approaches that can be used to improve legislation in other states. To meet that aim, the general scientific techniques and methods of scientific cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, system-structural and formal-logical approaches are utilised. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that Singapore extends the provisions of securities legislation to digital tokens, which have the characteristics of securities or futures. Digital tokens, which are cryptocurrencies, are regulated by the Payment Services Act containing criteria to distinguish payment tokens from other virtual objects. Using this approach minimizes difficulties in regulating the circulation of, for example, bitcoins. In addition, MAS has developed a set of rules enshrining requirements for cryptocurrency exchanges, which reduces the risks of fraud and money laundering using cryptocurrencies. The paper also analyses MAS reports on developing a state's digital currency. The paper concludes that other states can use Singapore's experience to shape or modernize their legislation.
T. Deepa, N. Saraswathi, S. Hariprasad, KMS Praveen · 6 authors
Abstract Blockchain is an emerging technology which is known for its popularity and reliability. First introduced in 2008, it has now expanded to many areas such as IoT, cryptocurrency and Smart contracts. A blockchain consists of blocks assembled in the form of a chain. Data from each participant in the network is stored in these blocks. It is done in a block format called a series of transactions. The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed many traditional lifestyles. The IoT has enabled cities, housing, pollution control, energy saving and intelligent transportation systems. Blockchain technology and the Internet of Things can increase the efficiency of peer-to-peer energy trading platforms. The open-source peer to peer (P2P) energy trading system is designed on the blockchain. Peer to peer (P2P) is a decentralized communication model in which each party has the same functionality and each party can initiate a communication session. The system collects real time data, monitors and controls it using MQTT Protocol. The trading activities takes place on a web interface which uses a public test Ethereum blockchain, they are tamper-proof. IoT is used to monitor and control the energy. The energy data is acquired and processed using Wi-Fi Based microcontrollers.
Abstract Conditional payments allow the transfer of money only when pre-defined rules hold. Example uses could include welfare payments, employee expenses, insurance payouts, or tied donations. Normally, conditions are checked manually in reimbursement or pre-approval/audit processes, either at accounts before funds are distributed, or using account records after distribution. Blockchain’s capabilities for smart contract and digital assets can be used to implement next-generation conditional payments, on a decentralized ledger. We conducted a project with an industry partner where we conceptualized, implemented, and evaluated a novel programmable money concept using blockchain. In the system, programmed policies are not attached to accounts, but instead to money itself. Policies here specify the conditions when money may be spent, and can be automatically checked by the money as it is spent. Policies can also define auxiliary actions to be taken as part of payment transactions, including side-payments. Policies can be dynamically added to and removed from money as it flows through an economy. These policies could be budget rules for tied funds, but could also enable new forms of “values-based money” that respect ethical or other rules which relate to societal values or social norms. We report on some of our experiences and insights regarding blockchain architecture, software engineering with blockchain, and blockchain-based programmable money. We also identify opportunities and open research questions in these areas.
Background: There are no specific accounting standards that may relevant to cryptocurrency transactions. It leads to dissimilar accounting treatments for numerous entities. Based on the existing issues and regulations in Indonesia, how is the classification of accounts possibly relevant to the Indonesian accounting standards? Purpose and Methods: This study attempted to explain and analyse the accounting challenges for cryptocurrencies within the current accounting framework in Indonesia and identify relevant models for cryptocurrency accounting. This study is qualitative. Data sources used in this study included key informant interviews. Findings: The study findings concluded that there are deficiencies in the Indonesian accounting standards. It is driven by differences in the use of an entity’s business model. Differences in business activity lead to differing uses in cryptocurrency accounting. Research Limitation: The results of the research depend on the author’s experience and perspective. The scope of topics can be expanded by adding additional perspectives. Contribution: This study can contribute to developing the accounting standards in Indonesia. The growing popularity of cryptocurrencies has indirectly led regulators to design new guidance for accounting financial statements.
Cryptocurrency has proven to be an enabling force for financial service transformation. It allows users to perform transactions via blockchain technology that bypasses the involvement of conventional financial intermediaries. In local context, the acceptance of cryptocurrency is rather low as compared with other developed countries. The requirement of large consumer market base is the main challenges for cryptocurrency’s adoption. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between output quality, perceived accessibility, result demonstrability and perceived security and adoption behavior of cryptocurrency as an additional mode of internet/online transaction methods. The data was collected from a sample of 553 respondents from different age groups ranging from under 21 to over 60 years old. The PLS-SEM results demonstrated that there are significant positive relationships between output quality, result demonstrability and perceived security and the users’ adoption behavior to use cryptocurrency. The paper provides an insight for explaining the adoption behavior of cryptocurrency. The findings are insightful to develop effective financial management mechanisms and interventions, which is important to enhance the confidence and understanding level toward the adoption of cryptocurrencies among existing and potential users. Keywords: Cryptocurrency; output quality; perceived accessibility; result demonstrability; perceived security; adoption behavior ABSTRAK Kriptowang telah terbukti menjadi daya membolehkan transformasi perkhidmatan kewangan. Ia membolehkan pengguna melakukan transaksi melalui teknologi blok rantai yang memintas penglibatan pengantara kewangan konvensional. Dalam konteks tempatan, penerimaan kriptowang agak rendah berbanding dengan negara maju yang lain. Keperluan terhadap asas pasaran pengguna yang besar merupakan cabaran utama bagi penerimagunaan kriptowang. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara kualiti output, persepsi terhadap kebolehcapaian, keterlihatan hasil dan persepsi terhadap keselamatan dan tingkah laku penerimagunaan kriptowang sebagai kaedah tambahan bagi transaksi internet / dalam talian. Data telah dikumpulkan dari sampel yang terdiri daripada 553 orang responden dari pelbagai golongan umur dari umur 21 tahun ke bawah hingga umur 60 tahun ke atas. Hasil análisis PLS-SEM menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pemboleh ubah tak bersandar, iaitu, kualiti output, keterlihatan hasil dan persepsi terhadap keselamatan dengan pemboleh ubah bersandar (iaitu, tingkah laku penerimagunaan kriptowang). Kertas kajian ini memberikan pemahaman tentang tingkah laku penerimaan kriptowang. Hasil kajian ini adalah berguna untuk mengembangkan mekanisme dan intervensi pengurusan kewangan yang berkesan, yang mana adalah penting untuk meningkatkan tahap keyakinan dan pemahaman terhadap penerimagunaan kriptowang di kalangan pengguna yang sedia ada dan berpotensi. Kata kunci: Kriptowang; kualiti output; persepsi terhadap kebolehcapaian; keterlihatan hasil; persepsi terhadap keselamatan; tingkah laku penerimagunaan kriptowang
With the development of the times, the financial industry is constantly changing. Blockchain technology continues to play an important role in supply chain finance. The security of the financial industry is very important. Blockchain technology can better protect the security of the financial industry, but there are also some risks. We have made a detailed investigation and research on the risk assessment and analysis of blockchain technology in supply chain finance. The research is as follows: (1) the risks under blockchain technology are introduced in detail, and the risks in many aspects are detailed. It is convenient for the public to do a good job in risk control in the use of blockchain finance. (2) The algorithm of the blockchain is used for mining. In finance, the security of privacy is the most important. The differential privacy in the algorithm and the Bc-ppkCa algorithm makes the financial privacy under the blockchain better. It is beneficial for the public to use blockchain technology more efficiently and safely. (3) The financial industry under the blockchain is very complex. Let us take the financial situation under industrial enterprises as an example. Investigate the company’s supply chain financial situation data, and compare the advantages of supply chain finance and the company’s financial situation. It also evaluates the risks generated by supply chain finance and makes corresponding analysis.
Felix Engelmann, Thomas Kerber, Markulf Kohlweiss, Mikhail Volkhov
Privacy-oriented cryptocurrencies, like Zcash or Monero, provide fair transaction anonymity and confidentiality, but lack important features compared to fully public systems, like Ethereum. Specifically, supporting assets of multiple types and providing a mechanism to atomically exchange them, which is critical for e.g. decentralized finance (DeFi), is challenging in the private setting. By combining insights and security properties from Zcash and SwapCT (PETS 21, an atomic swap system for Monero), we present a simple zk-SNARKs based transaction scheme, called Zswap, which is carefully malleable to allow the merging of transactions, while preserving anonymity. Our protocol enables multiple assets and atomic exchanges by making use of sparse homomorphic commitments with aggregated open randomness, together with Zcash friendly simulation-extractable non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs. This results in a provably secure privacypreserving transaction protocol, with efficient swaps, and overall performance close to that of existing deployed private cryptocurrencies. It is similar to Zcash Sapling and benefits from existing code-bases and implementation expertise.
In Malaysia, over RM 800 million transactions were processed in one cryptocurrency platform. The central bank of Malaysia has made e-payment one of its top targets to execute a cashless payment system. However, an in-depth analysis of the literature shows a dearth of research focusing on the influencers of cryptocurrency mobile wallet acceptance, especially the intention to use them continuously. Therefore, this study uses the Post-Acceptance Model of IS Continuance to determine the elements influencing the continuance intention of cryptocurrency mobile wallets in Malaysia. This research also investigates the impact of perceived security, effort expectations, and social influence on the intention to continue the usage of cryptocurrency mobile wallets. The empirical evidence from 106 current cryptocurrency respondents shows that: (1) perceived security and satisfaction are significant factors of continuance intention, and (2) performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence are insignificant factors of continuance intention. It reveals perceived security as one of the critical elements in continuance intention in the cryptocurrency field.
The real estate sector is often presented as an exemplary field that benefits from practical blockchain applications. The general hypothesis is that, in theory, blockchain could solve some significant challenges the real estate sector is facing, such as nontransparency, inefficiencies, fraud and corruption , high costs, and trust issues. However, the literature focuses on blockchain’s theoretical benefits, challenges, or concepts. This research aims to understand the recent developments in the blockchain literature, specifically in the real estate sector, and to understand the current real-world applications by collecting empirical evidence from blockchain studies. The systematic literature review identified 262 relevant documents, after which a thematic content analysis was performed. Conceptual blockchain literature was identified to propose blockchain benefits for the real estate sector in four categories: land administration, real estate transactions, tokenization, and real estate management. The thematic content analysis also identified 26 empirical applications, of which all except one were related to land administration. Although the conceptual and theoretical blockchain literature presents blockchain as a disruptive and transformative technology for the real estate sector, the empirical applications suggest that blockchain adoption materializes more in hybrid, smaller-scale settings, where blockchain is merely an add-on layer to existing systems. Overall, most of the conceptual blockchain benefits remain empirically unconfirmed. On the other hand, the empirical applications suggest that blockchain could, for example, increase efficiency, reduce time, and provide verifiability , transparency, and automation, even in smaller-scale, hybrid settings. In addition, the applications indicate that blockchain could, in some cases, help reduce fraud and increase security and trust compared with centralized digital solutions. Finally, the empirical insights emphasize the role of political will, regulatory framework, availability of reliable digital data, public–private partnerships, and educational aspects in blockchain applications.
This research paper explores the concept of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and the importance of governance and decision-making in DeFi platforms. The paper reviews the literature on traditional finance governance models and blockchain-based governance mechanisms in DeFi platforms, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in designing decentralized governance models for DeFi platforms. The research question is "What are the challenges and opportunities in designing decentralized governance models for DeFi platforms?" and the study objectives are to review the literature on traditional finance governance models, analyze blockchain-based governance mechanisms in DeFi platforms, and discuss the challenges and opportunities in designing decentralized governance models for DeFi platforms. A mixed-methods approach is utilized, combining a systematic review of the literature with a survey of DeFi platform users. The results reveal that there is a growing interest in decentralized governance mechanisms among DeFi platform users, but there are also several challenges that need to be addressed in designing effective decentralized governance models. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion on the importance of governance and decision-making in DeFi platforms, and provides insights for the design and implementation of decentralized governance mechanisms in the DeFi ecosystem.
Merritt B. Fox, Lawrence R. Glosten, E. F. Greene, Sue S. Guan
This Article evaluates the implications of distributed ledger technology (DLT) for the securities markets of the future and their regulation. DLT is an integral part of the larger revolution in computing, communication and data storage capacity that has transformed securities markets over the last few decades and promises further radical change in the years to come. The potential of DLT, if it can be realized, could improve the functioning of our securities markets while at the same time sharply reducing costs. Based on an interview survey of about 100 persons who play prominent roles in actually making these markets work or in regulating them, this Article reports on the most important topics and themes that have emerged from the wide range of interviewees’ opinions about the extent to which DLT will affect the future of securities markets and their regulation. A significant number saw the potential for DLT to transform securities markets and market structure, from the possibility of stock trading on DLT to the potential impact on intermediaries, the ordinary retail investor, and on preventing wrongdoing in the stock market. However, key questions remain about implementation and the appetite for making DLT-based changes among both market participants and regulators.
Abstract Patient enrollment, data sharing, and data privacy are enormous medical challenges for clinical trial studies. In recent years, blockchain technology has drawn the attention of various researchers and institutes. As a new and innovative distributed ledger technology, blockchain can be critical to addressing these challenges, thus making clinical research transparent and building public trust fairly and openly. However, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive survey on the adoption of blockchain in clinical trials. To fill the research void, this paper presents a punctilious taxonomy of blockchain technology in clinical trials according to the literature. This taxonomy comprises decentralized scenarios, decentralized practices, blockchain types, deployment methods, and consensus algorithms. The results show that blockchain technology can cover all aspects of the clinical trial study in a decentralized, secure, transparent manner. Besides, some open research challenges of blockchain are categorized into three groups: technical challenges, security challenges, and organizational challenges. Moreover, some recent blockchain projects, micro applications in clinical trials, and several research areas or technologies for future research and development are discussed.
Within just four years, the blockchain-based Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem has accumulated a peak total value locked (TVL) of more than 253 billion USD. This surge in DeFi's popularity has, unfortunately, been accompanied by many impactful incidents. According to our data, users, liquidity providers, speculators, and protocol operators suffered a total loss of at least 3.24 billion USD from Apr 30, 2018 to Apr 30, 2022. Given the blockchain's transparency and increasing incident frequency, two questions arise: How can we systematically measure, evaluate, and compare DeFi incidents? How can we learn from past attacks to strengthen DeFi security? In this paper, we introduce a common reference frame to systematically evaluate and compare DeFi incidents, including both attacks and accidents. We investigate 77 academic papers, 30 audit reports, and 181 real-world incidents. Our data reveals several gaps between academia and the practitioners' community. For example, few academic papers address "price oracle attacks" and "permissonless interactions", while our data suggests that they are the two most frequent incident types (15% and 10.5% correspondingly). We also investigate potential defenses, and find that: (i) 103 (56%) of the attacks are not executed atomically, granting a rescue time frame for defenders; (ii) SoTA bytecode similarity analysis can at least detect 31 vulnerable/23 adversarial contracts; and (iii) 33 (15.3%) of the adversaries leak potentially identifiable information by interacting with centralized exchanges.
Due to the decentralized and public nature of the blockchain ecosystem, malicious activities on the Ethereum platform impose immeasurable losses on users. At the same time, the transparency of cryptocurrency transactions provides a unique opportunity to analyze illegal activities, such as phishing scams, from a network perspective. Most existing phishing scam detection methods focus primarily on analyzing account interaction networks, which limits their ability to uncover transaction behavior patterns embedded within transaction interactions. To address this, we construct theTransactionSubGraphNetwork (TSGN) by using transaction subgraphs as basic elements and further propose a novel framework for Ethereum phishing account detection. Specifically, we rebuild the graph structures via three well-designed mapping mechanisms, yielding TSGN and its two variants, i.e., Directed-TSGN and Temporal-TSGN, to obtain direction-aware and time-aware transfer flow features. By further incorporating the mapping strategy into transaction multidigraphs, we develop the Multiple-TSGN, which could preserve more transaction flow features while concurrently reducing the time consumption of modeling large-scale networks. TSGN models based on transaction subgraph interactions can capture complex higher-order dependencies, which lay beyond the reach of models that exclusively capture pairwise account interactions. As a general framework, our model can incorporate various feature extraction methods to improve the performance of phishing detection. Extensive experimental results on Ethereum datasets show that our method achieves superior performance in phishing detection, yielding 3.27%$\sim$6.71% relative improvement over previous state-of-the-art.
Ivana Racetin, Jelena Kilić, Mladen Zrinjski, Marina Peko
In recent years, many papers have been published on the topics of the blockchain (BC) and blockchain technology (BCT). Some papers put BCT in the context of land registries (LRs), land cadastres (LCs), land registration, land administration (LA) and land management (LM) and its implementation benefits. Some eight years later, from its beginnings in 2014, the question of the future of the proposed concept and whether it has one, has been raised. The Scopus database was analysed using bibliometric analysis methodology and Rstudio software with the Bibliometrix R-package and the Shiny package environment. Based on this research, significant interest and growth in the topic was found in both technical and land-governance directions. Different approaches to the topic have been established in the global north and global south. From today’s perspective, the future of BCT in both worlds is guaranteed.
Peter Wänke, M. Kabir Hassan, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Md. Azizur Rahman · 5 authors
Abstract The literature gap in microfinance paradox of double bottom line (financial performance vs. outreach) has always been an interesting area of research. This paper proposes a theoretical model most suitable for Islamic Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) which enables Islamic MFIs’ to operate together with the existing financial models compliant with Islamic Shariah Law. This model is based on a distributed verification/decision-making process that might be realized (but not necessary) through blockchain. Among the available distributed verification techniques, blockchain technology is an attractive emerging computing paradigm due to its decentralized, immutable, shared, and secure data structure characteristics. This model proposes three significant propositions. First, sharing information through blockchain will allow a transparent network in MFI operations, which will raise confidence for donors resulting in a causal effect of a relatively lower profit rate to be charged by the MFIs. Second, the consensus mechanism will enable risk-sharing, a character of Islamic finance; thus, the MFIs will operate without any collateral for low-risk firms. Third, the double bottom line of MFIs' long-lasting paradox would be solved. As for practical implication of this proposed model, the causal impact of lower cost investment by the lenders would increase social welfare because of no collateral and no initial wealth requirement. The proposed model proposes a credit rationing approach where profit can be negative. No collateral will be used when calculating the creditworthiness of a borrower.
With the electric power grid experiencing a rapid shift to the smart grid paradigm over a deregulated energy market, Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions are gaining prominence and innovative Peer To Peer (P2P) energy trading at micro-level are being deployed. Such advancement, however leave traditional security models vulnerable and pave the path for Blockchain, an Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) with its decentralized, open and transparency characteristics as a viable alternative. However, due to deregulation in energy trading markets, massive volumes of micro transactions are required to be supported, which become a performance bottleneck with existing Blockchain solution such as Hyperledger, Ethereum and so on. In this paper, a lightweight 'Tangle' based framework, namely IOTA (Third generation DLT) is employed for designing an energy trading market that uses Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based solution that not only alleviates the reward overhead for micro-transactions but also provides scalability, quantum-proof, and high throughput of such transactions at low confirmation latency. Furthermore the Masked Authentication Messaging (MAM) protocol is used over the IOTA P2P energy trading framework that allows energy producer and consumer to share the data while maintaining the confidentiality, and facilitates the data accessibility. The Raspberry Pi 3 board along with voltage sensor (INA219) used for the setting up light node and publishing and fetching data from the Tangle. The results of the obtained benchmarking indicate low confirmation latency, high throughput, system with Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum. Moreover, the effect of transaction rate decreases when the IOTA bundle size increases more than 10. For bundle size 5 and 10 it behaves absolutely better than any other platform. The speedy confirmation time of transactions in IOTA, is most suitable for peer to peer energy trading scenarios. This study serves as a guideline for deploying, end-to-end transaction with IOTA Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and improving the performance of Blockchain in the energy sector under various operating conditions.
Roberto Garcı́a, Ana Cediel, Mercè Teixidó, Rosa Gil
Recent initiatives related to the Metaverse focus on better visualization, like augmented or virtual reality, but also persistent digital objects. To guarantee real ownership of these digital objects, open systems based on public blockchains and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are emerging together with a nascent decentralized and open creator economy. To manage this emerging economy in a more organized way, and fight the so common NFT plagiarism, we propose CopyrightLY, a decentralized application for authorship and copyright management. It provides means to claim content authorship, including supporting evidence. Content and metadata are stored in decentralized storage and registered on the blockchain. A token is used to curate these claims, and potential complaints, by staking it on them. Staking is incentivized by the fact that the token is minted using a bonding curve. The tokenomics include the resolution of complaints and enabling the monetization of curated claims. Monetization is achieved through licensing NFTs with metadata enhanced by semantic technologies. Semantic data makes explicit the reuse conditions transferred with the token while keeping the connection to the underlying copyright claims to improve the trustability of the NFTs. Moreover, the semantic metadata is flexible enough to enable licensing not just in the real world. Licenses can refer to reuses in specific locations in a metaverse, thus facilitating the emergence of creative economies in them.
The use of Blockchain is becoming a matter of increasing importance, yet the software development industry has not given Blockchain adoption enough consideration. As a result of their inability to modify their software process within the project life cycle, many software development companies struggle to [adopt Blockchain technology. This is because Blockchain Oriented Software (BOS) and its projects have distinctive characteristics that are distinct from traditional software and projects. The constructs and their items to adopt Blockchain in Software development industry have not been identified or investigated. This study aimed to identify technological, organizational, and environmental constructs and their items to adopt Blockchain. Utilizing a quantitative validation approach, 10 interviews and 25 assessment questionnaires were analyzed. The results reveal the identified technological, organizational, and environmental constructs and their items to adopt Blockchain. Experts unanimously agreed with Content Validity Ratio (CVR) results. According to most evaluation questionnaire forms and interview transcripts, the top technological construct was “Trialability” and the top organizational construct was “Cost” while the top environmental construct was “Market Dynamics.” All other constructs and their items were applicable, as indicated by most evaluation questionnaire forms and interview transcripts. This research gives a comprehensive list of technological, organizational, and environmental constructs and their items that demand the attention of Blockchain adoption researchers and industry players in the software development sector.
The advance of information technology has a growing influence on one of the most popular social trends: online shopping. The rising popularity of online shopping among the general public, as indicated by the growth in the number of online purchasers each year, has prompted business owners to pursue online ventures. The marketplace is intrinsically tied to online buying activity that connects merchants and customers, allowing customers to search for various goods and services from various providers. However, service failures are vulnerable to centralized market systems that emerge frequently. When the company's services to customers fail to satisfy consumer expectations. A breakdown in purchasing and selling essential services, including product delivery and customer support, is referred to as service failure. As a result, not only does this harm confidence, but it may also cause clients to migrate to an alternative marketplace. The marketplace's competitiveness is based on consumer confidence. The decentralized marketplace can address this security concern. A decentralized marketplace is meant to build a system that does not require the confidence of a third party using blockchain technology and smart contracts that can record all transactions clearly and consistently, allowing them to serve as a single point of truth between distrusting entities. The findings largely support the feasibility of Ethereum Smart Contracts to construct a decentralized marketplace. However, there are some places where further study and development are needed.
Consumers' today desire a cashless economy based on digital currency, as well as a speedier and more convenient payment mechanism.The majority of cryptocurrency research is carried out in developed countries, mainly the United States and Europe.Yet, cryptographic money acknowledgment conduct and components that influence such acknowledgment has limited investigation, particularly in the developing country context.This study aims to examine the factors influencing behavioural intention (BI) to use cryptocurrency as an electronic payment from the viewpoint of the students' perspective.Constructs from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and an added variable, Perceived Trust (PT), are examined to predict BI.A 5-point Likert scale online survey was given to a group of students to determine their intention to utilise cryptocurrencies as an electronic payment.The finding shows that all variables (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, perceived Trust and Facilitating Condition) play the dominant role in affecting the intention to use cryptocurrency among the students.Trust is a concern for Malaysians in this study as it is the only variable that the respondents responded negatively to.Malaysians are still cautious of cryptocurrencies, despite the fact that it is already used as a payment option by worldwide tech companies.The findings of this study can provide relevant authorities and businesses better understand the factors that consumers consider when considering using cryptocurrencies as a form of electronic payment.