Muhammad Syahri Ramadhan, Theta Murty, Adrian Nugraha, Muhammad Zainul Arifin
Cryptocurrency sudah banyak diminati oleh kalangan masyarakat di dunia, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Cryptocurrency merupakan mata uang digital yang dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif investasi selain investasi abstrak lainnya seperti saham. Para pemilik usaha tentunya harus mulai memikirkan bahwa ketika perusahaannya fokus kepada kegiatan usaha yang berbasis e-commerce, maka perusahaan memikirkan bahwa aset Cryptocurrency ini baik dari aspek ekonomi maupun hukum, untuk ditentukan sebagai aset perusahaan. Rumusan masalah yang akan dianalisis yaitu Bagaimana legitimasi dari pemanfaatan mata uang digital ( Cryptocurrency) Perseroan Terbatas sebagai aset Perusahaan. Tantangan dan solusi dalam mengimplementasikan regulasi terkait mata uang digital ( Cryptocurrency) Perseroan Terbatas sebagai aset Perusahaan. Pada saat ini mata uang digital masih diakui sebagai aset komoditas dalam aspek yuridis. Cryptocurrency belum dapat diakui oleh pemerintah sebagai mata uang selayaknya seperti rupiah dikarenakan adanya peraturan perundang – undangan yang melarangnya tersebut. Legitimasi bahwa aset kripto dapat dikategorikan sebagai aset perusahaan dapat dilihat pada Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 99 Tahun 2018 Tentang Kebijakan Umum Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Berjangka Aset Kripto dan Peraturan BAPPEBTI Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto di Bursa Berjangka. Tantangan dan solusi dalam mengimplementasikan ialah Kultur untuk menjadikan aset kripto sebagai aset penting dalam perusahaan harus ditingkatkan, hal ini dapat dimulai dengan membenahi sarana prasarana terkait digitalisasi seperti internet, gawai dan sejenisnya. Tindakan pemerintah juga tidak hanya berhenti menjadikan Cryptocurrrency (mata uang digital) sebagai aset komoditas saja akan tetapi dibutuhkan adanya aturan khusus bahwa mata uang digital dijadikan sebagai alat pembayaran sebagaimana mata uang rupiah seperti dalam wacana Bank Indonesia yaitu merancang Rupiah Digital atau Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).
<em>Blockchain has functioned as a ledger that decentralizes controls with immutable and irreversible character and have the potential to overcome the deficiency of traditional contracts, especially in today’s digital era such as the e-commerce industry. Unfortunately, although famous to be used for blockchain and smart contracts have not been applied widely in Indonesia and there is no regulation that specifically regulates the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. This article will analyze the application of smart contracts to escalate consumer rights in e-commerce services. This research showed that the self-executory characteristic of smart contracts helps the consumer to have an equal bargaining position with businesses actors in determining the contents of the contract. In response to those curative efforts, the smart contract will be advantageous as a preventive scheme for PIL cases. The self-executory character of the smart contract will prevent many PIL cases which are potentially occurred. The immutable nature of blockchain records will also be helpful for any dispute settlement scheme. This might be led to the tendency that international e-commerce cases should not be litigated or to be set for an arbitration tribunal. Those international e-commerce cases might not require settlement of judicative branch and may be settled at the administrative level. Consequently, this would create a more effective and efficient settlement, both in time and money. Those advantages have made blockchain-based smart contracts will be prospective in Indonesia, in the upcoming future</em>
Ardhi Barkah Apandi, Muhammad Iqbal Fasa, A.Kumedi Ja’far
ABSTRAK
 Bitcoin adalah sistem pembayaran online dari uang elektronik peer-to-peer (P2P) yang dikirim langsung dari satu pihak ke pihak lain tanpa melalui lembaga keuangan. Di Indonesia Bitcoin tidak memiliki legalitas untuk dijadikan sebagai alat transaksi yang sah karena bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang nomor 7 tahun 2011 dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia nomor 17 tahun 2015 serta kepemilikan Bitcoin hanya dianggap sah apabila Bitcoin dijadikan sebagai asset kripto dalam bursa berjangka komoditi. Konsep Bitcoin menurut ulama Indonesia haram karena mengandung gharar dan dharar serta bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang. Gharar disebabkan karena penemu atau penciptanya tidak diketahui secara pasti, tidak adanya otoritas yang memastikan keabsahan transaksi, tidak memiliki nilai intrinsik, tidak memiliki validitas dalam sistem ekonomi, nilainya yang tidak stabil karena volatilitas yang tinggi, sulit untuk diawasi akibat ketidakjelasan pemiliki. Dharar disebabkan karena factor kemanan yang rentan akan peretasan, nilai yang fluktuatif sehingga harga bisa turun drastis dan merugikan pemilik, tidak adanya regulasi yang memberikan jaminan terlindung dari kerugian.
 ABSTRACT
 Bitcoin is an online payment system of peer-to-peer (P2P) electronic money sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Bitcoin does not have the legality to be used as a legal transaction tool because it is contrary to Undang-Undang nomor 7 of 2011 and Bank Indonesia Regulation number 17 of 2015 and Bitcoin ownership is only considered legal if Bitcoin is used as a crypto asset in the commodity futures exchange. The concept of Bitcoin according to Indonesian scholars is haram because it contains gharar and dharar and is against the law. Gharar is caused by the inventor or creator is not known with certainty, there is no authority to ensure the validity of transactions, has no intrinsic value, has no validity in the economic system, the value is unstable due to high volatility, difficult to announce due to the uncertainty of the owner. Dharar is caused by security factors that are vulnerable to hacking, fluctuating values ​​so that prices can drop drastically and harm the owner, there is no regulation that guarantees protection from losses.
Arsip digital memiliki karakteristik mudah disalin, sehingga selama ini sulit atau bahkan tidak mungkin menjual karya dalam bentuk digital layaknya menjual karya, lukis misalnya, dalam bentuk konvensional. Perkembangan blockchain dan mata uang kripto kini menjadikan hal tersebut menjadi mungkin. NFT(non-fungible token) memungkinkan arsip digital dijual melalui jaringan blockchain. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana konsep dan cara kerja NFT dan kaitannya dengan dunia kearsipan. Adapun metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan studi literatur dan observasi, dikarenakan isu NFT pada dunia arsip masih sangat terbatas dibahas. Diketahui terdapat beberapa peluang penggunaan NFT dalam pengelolaan arsip, seperti penggunaan sertifikat kepemilikan berupa kumpulan kode yang dijalankan pada platform blockchain yang pada aplikasinya bisa diterapkan diberbagai aspek dan bidang kehidupan. Selain itu juga NFT membuka peluang usaha bagi pegiat karya digital. Namun demikian, ditemukan pula beberapa hambatan atau kesulitan yang mungkin menjadikan NFT bukan solusi yang berkelanjutan karena butuhnya tenaga komputasi dan listrik yang besar serta nilainya yang sangat volatil.
Blockchain which includes smart contract and tokenization features is the latest technology in the world, especially Indonesia. Smart contracts and tokenization make it very easy for users and can maintain valid data security, but there are still many universities that have not implemented the system so they have to involve many parties and costs. The problem taken in this study is the payment process for transactions such as credit and data processing that is vulnerable to illegal data leakage. This study aims to develop a smart contract system and blockchain tokenization in universities in the payment transaction process. The method used in this research is literature review analysis and testing method. The implementation of smart contracts and tokenization can replace third parties as security guards of transaction data with all Blockchain users paying attention and ensuring the integrity of the entire process and activity. This of course can avoid problems that arise from the presence of third parties in the transaction process. So it can be concluded that the implementation of smart contracts and Blockchain tokenization in payment transactions is the right solution to be applied in the payment transaction process at universities.
The use of virtual money in society became phenomenal when cryptocurrency emerged as a form of technological development in electronic transactions. Bitcoin as a form of cryptocurrency is now in great demand because it is often considered as a potential new investment instrument in maximizing profits. As a result of these developments, bitcoin abuse is a means of money laundering, such as in the corruption case of PT Asabri (Persero) where the perpetrators launder money by means of bitcoin. Given that the legal arrangements regarding Bitcoin in Indonesia are still very limited and have not yet set up prevention efforts, it is necessary to take efforts to prevent money laundering crimes by means of bitcoin. The purpose of this paper is to see how Bitcoin is set up in Indonesia and discover how to prevent money laundering crimes by means of bitcoin. The method of writing juridical normative with conceptual approach. From this research it was found that the regulation on bitcoin in Indonesia has existed so that the legality of bitcoin in Indonesia has been legal, but the use of bitcoin in Indonesia is only limited to trading commodities in futures exchanges in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 99 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Crypto Asset Trading. Then efforts to prevent criminal laundering by means of crypto money or bitcoin can be done by crypto asset merchant institutions that register their institutions into futures exchanges must use the principle of banking prudence, namely the application of the principle of knowing nasbah, customer due diligence and enhanced due diligence which is then carried out monitoring of service users. The application of the principle is as a commitment in the anti-money laundering program that can be applied in crypto asset trading institusion.
The spread of digital technology currently faster and influence on all of human dimension, including to the financial sector. The presence of cryptocurrency using blockchain technology has changed the previously system that has been used for a long period and it come a pros and cons. The system built using peer-to-peer cause the system no longer need the 3rd party that control the financial system and since the system decentralized. The nature of cryptocurrency which made as the same with gold characteristic such as the limitation of quantity, process to get it must through the mining process, more resistance from inflation are making people and society interested and significantly increase time by time. The decentralized and anonymous blockchain working system for token holders and safe has presented as a new paradigm in the financial sector. But on other hand, there are many challenges and dynamics that arise due to the emergence of these cryptocurrency, one of which is risk from the legal perspective where there are cases of money laundering involving of crypto, losses to the investor asset due to ICO process that not run smoothly, the emergence losses from crypto exchanges that hacked due to not have a high security backup system that made the customer losses their digital wallet. Crypto value that tend to have high volatility and fluctuating rates with fast count also increase the risk. The readiness of countries and drafting laws related to the crypto was contribution for this research. One of the biggest interested from the public is the use of crypto as long asset investment, where the values increasing from year to year, even Bitcoin as one of the cryptocurrencies that previously worthless but currently has very fantastic values and become a favourite from the investor
One of the potentials that can be done by smart contracts is the application of buying and selling business in e- commerce. In a study conducted by the British research institute Merchant Machine as reported in databoks.katadata.co.id states that, out of the 10 list of countries that have the fastest e-commerce growth, Indonesia leads the ranks of these countries with growth reaching 78% in the year 2018. As you know, blockchain not only develops cryptocurrency but also in financial services and smart contract payments. Legal arrangements that apply to smart contracts governed by contract and sale and purchase laws in Indonesia have not yet been found, and need to be explored in order to provide certainty regarding legal protection that can guarantee parties who use smart contracts to guarantee legal certainty and fairness in their application. The research that will be conducted in answering these questions uses a systematic review method, the researcher traces the legislation regarding consumer protection, as well as the principles of electronic contract law that can be applied. The results of the study concluded that with the regulations regarding electronic contracts, smart contracts are legal contracts that can be applied in Indonesia.
Disruption is a double-edged sword since, in addition to facilitating digitization, it also serves as a target for cybercriminals to conduct their schemes. Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual currency that uses cryptography technology to enable digital transactions in cyberspace. Ransomware is one type of crypto crime that has increased in 2020 occurrences. More over, ransomware is a way for cybercriminals to make money by threatening victims with access limitations, data deletion, and data dissemination in exchange for a ransom payment. Furthermore, the government hasn't provided recognition and protection for its inhabitants, the creation of a legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) in Indonesia surrounding cryptocurrency regulation is seen to be damaging to digital users. In light of these issues, the goal of this research is to assist the Indonesian authorities in comprehending the fundamental issues surrounding crypto crimes such as ransomware. Then, to assess the prospects of cryptocurrency as a virtual currency in Indonesia, the research technique employed is a normative juridical research method with a conceptual approach and law. This paper demonstrates that the crime of ransomware will hinder cyber law enforcement in Indonesia, resulting in a detrimental impact on economic development and vulnerability to cyberattacks that harm national security. As a result, if cryptocurrency stays in a legal void or ‘gray area’, governments must be aware and prioritize preventive actions against ransomware attacks and their consequences. This preventative step could take the form of regulating cryptocurrency in Indonesia as virtual money and block ransomware activity.
Bukti digital yang disimpan dalam blok mengurangi kinerja blok, mengurangi kecepatan akses blok dan mengurangi kapasitas media penyimpanan data. Informasi-informasi metadata yang diambil dari bukti digital yang hanya berupa informasi dasar terkait bukti digital dapat mengurangi integritas bukti digital dan juga menyulitkan penyidik dalam mengidentifikasi bukti digital. Pengurangan integritas bukti digital menyebabkan bukti digital ditolak dalam persidangan. Penerapan multi smart contract dalam mengelola bukti digital dan chain of custody menjadi solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Penerapan multi smart contract juga diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kinerja blok dan mengoptimalkan media penyimpanan bukti digital. Langkah-langkah untuk membuat sistem multi smart contract dimulai dengan melakukan identifikasi masalah, melakukan studi literatur, merancang dan membangun sebuah sistem multi-smart contract, pengujian terhadap implementasi, integritas, dan performa sistem multi smart contract , dan analisa terhadap implementasi multi-smart. Hasil dari penerapan multi smart contract ditemukan bahwa bukti digital memiliki karakteristik berbeda-beda dan detail informasi yang berbeda-beda antara satu jenis bukti digital gambar, audio, video, dan dokumen atau jenis bukti digital lainnya. Informasi yang detail mampu meningkatkan integritas bukti digital. Otomatisasi dalam membuat hash dan ekstraksi informasi dari suatu bukti digital dapat mengurangi waktu first responder dalam menginputkan form isian pada sistem multi smart contract. Penyimpanan bukti digital di luar blok dapat meningkatkan performa sistem multi smart contract. Penyimpanan bukti digital yang hanya berupa alat bukti persidangan mampu mengoptimalkan media penyimpanan bukti digital.
Data, reports, and information show that cryptocurrency has supported certain parties as a convenience, whereas the purpose of cryptocurrency is to minimize the weaknesses of conventional money systems in international relations in the current era of globalization. Countries that cannot represent or apply autonomous law in facing cryptocurrency challenges, because it is feared it is increasingly difficult to overcome global cryptocurrency crime. It is precisely in eradicating cryptocurrency crime, law enforcement authorities, priorities of prosecutors who have the highest supremacy in the field of prosecution and other discretion in law enforcement must be dynamic in law enforcement against facilitators from responses to social needs and aspirations, in accordance with legal considerations must acknowledge the wishes of the community and agree in achieving substantive justice. Considering that virtual currency has been banned in Indonesia but crypto-asset trading on the futures exchange has been in force, responsive discretionary prosecutions are needed in combating cryptocurrency crime in Indonesia. Liability that exceeds liability based on faults, namely strict liability, vicarious liability, and secondary liability to any parties that cause cryptocurrency crime can be applied to the mechanism of "follow the money" and "trace the information and communication technologies (ICTs) footprint". It is hoped that prosecution discretion by the prosecutor can reach to the monitoring of suspicious "nodes" and monitoring the registration of ICTs that are vulnerable to cryptocurrency crimes, such as laptops, cellphones, computers, and SIM cards, in providing a deterrent effect to the perpetrators of cryptocurrency crime.
Investasi pada zaman modern ini tidak hanya sebatas emas, saham, obligasi dan lain-lain. Seiring berkembangnya zaman muncul sejenis instrumen investasi baru yang bernama Cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency adalah mata uang digital dengan sifatnya yang desentralisasi. Desentralisasi artiannya adalah metode pelaksanaan traksaksi tanpa adanya pihak ketiga sebagai perantara. Akan tetapi ada juga resiko akibat dari investasi jenis cryptocurrency ini, seperti terjadinya tindak money laundering (pencucian uang) dikarenakan sifat dari cryptocurrency ini yaitu desentralisasi sehingga jika terjadi transaksi yang mencurigakan sulit untuk dilakukan pembekuan ataupun pemblokiran akun dan uang. Yang lainnya adalah sistem pemajakan terhadap keuntungan dari Cryptocurrency ini masih kurang tegas sehingga terjadinya tindak tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak). Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengkaji permasalahan terkait pencegahan money laundering (pencucian uang) dan juga tindak tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak). Adapun penelitian ini menerapakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa kasus money laundering (pencucian uang) didalam cryptocurrency ini terjadi karena fitur anominity dimana identitas aslinya tidak dapat dilacak dan dilindungi oleh sistem. Sehingga adanya celah untuk melakukan tindakan kejahatan seperti pencucian uang. Akan tetapi berdasarkan data yang dipaparkan kasus money laundering (pencucian uang) dalam cryptocurrrency sudah menurun dikarenakan adanya kerjasama antara platform/exchanger dengan PPATK untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kasus tersebut, dan juga praktik tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak) terjadi karena masih adanya ketidakjelasan sistem pemajakan terhadap cryptocurrency. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaporan pajak atas keuntungan cryptocurrency wahib dilaporkan dan tidak susah untuk prosedurnya. Diharapkan adanya kesadaran dari investor untuk melaporkannya sendiri karena sifat pemajakan di Indonesia bersifat self assesment.
Tuti Nurhaeni, Leli Nirmalasari, Adam Faturahman, Sella Avionita
This research is based on the national need to build an effective HKI protection system. Results in the form of human intellectual work that have very high values ​​should receive adequate regulatory protection supported by a sense of justice & be rewarded according to their intellectual output. Copyright protection for creators and copyright holders according to Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Article 1 number 1 & Article 24 paragraph (1) & (2). So according to the parallel growth of science and the number of outputs of work found and technology which is very rapid, has a great effect on human life. With this background, this research adopts a research framework capable of compiling insights from current research bodies on blockchain technology. The application of the blockchain framework aims to make it easier for creators to prove what and when their work was made in front of a court or when registering a work copyright. Blockchain can provide solutions in copyright protection and digital copyright management.
The purpose of this study is to find out the solutions that can be done if there is a loss in bitcoin investment.Along with technological developments, virtual currencies were created to facilitate the process of electronic transactions. Bitcoin is a virtual currency using a peer to peer network that is fully controlled by the user. Its value continues to increase every year, many use bitcoin as an asset in investment. In this study, a normative juridical method was used by collecting data from various sources and laws and regulations related to the discussion in research. Referring to Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currencywhich states that the rupiah is the only legal currency, so there is no regulation regarding the legality of using bitcoin in Indonesia so it cannot be said that it is safe to use bitcoin as an investment asset. If there is a loss caused by investing in bitcoin, the settlement can use litigation or non-litigation channels. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui legalitas investasi bitcoin dan untuk mengetahui penyelesaian sengketa dalam investasi bitcoin yang terus mengalami peningkatan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, diciptakannya mata uang virtual untuk mempermudah dalam proses transaksi elektronik. Bitcoin merupakan mata uang virtual dengan menggunakan jaringan peer to peer yang sepenuhnya dikontrol oleh pengguna. Nilainya yang terus meningkat tiap tahunnya, banyak yang menggunakan bitcoin sebagai aset dalam investasi.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan pembahasan dalam penelitian. Mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang yang menyatakan rupiah adalah satu-satunya mata uang yang sah, dengan begitu belum ada regulasi mengenai legalitas penggunaan bitcoin di Indonesia sehingga belum bisa dikatakan aman menggunakan bitcoin sebagai aset investasi. Jika terjadinya kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat investasi bitcoin, maka penyelesaiannya bisa menggunakan jalur litigasi maupun non litigasi.
Smart contract merupakan suatu teknologi tergolong baru dalam umat manusia. Penggunaannya diharapkan lebih efesien dan murah biaya. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak adanya pihak ketiga, seperti pemerintah, pengadilan, dan broker yang dapat mengintrupsi smart contract. Dikarenakan adanya sifat kemandirian tersebut, pelaku tindak pidana dapat dengan mudah menggunakan smart contract sebagai wadah dalam melakukan hubungan kontraktual tanpa adanya yang mengawasi. Penulisan hukum ini dibuat atas dasar tujuan untuk mengetahui terkait keabsahan dalam pelaksanaan smart contract apabila ditinjau dari ketentuan dalam KUHPerdata dan UU ITE, serta menganalisis terkait tindakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan apabila terdapat perbuatan melawan hukum dalam isi smart contract ditinjau dari ketentuan dalam hukum positif di Indonesia.
The Payment methods and electronic transaction in commercial activities in Indonesia are experiencing rapid development, Financial Technology (fintech) which carries the payment platform has begun to shift towards Virtual Currency as a virtual currency. E-Commerce is the reason why people's needs for changing payment methods into virtual currencies take a big role, one of which is through Bitcoin as a cryptographic-based virtual currency which has experienced significant development since it was marketed in 2009. The writing of this article uses legal research normative, namely by describing, analyzing some of the existing problems, then re-elaborating using a study based on legal concept and theories based on Law. This article will review the clarity of Bitcoin as a virtual currency as well as a legal payment medium and describe its legality with related legal norms and the presence of the Commodity Futures Trading Law as the most important regulation new existence of Bitcoin in Indonesia.Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Legal Consument Protection, Bitcoin
Eureka Inola Kadly, Sinta Dewi Rosadi, Elisatris Gultom
Information technology changes people's habits in simple transactions to electronic systems (e-commerce). Along with technological developments, various new electronic contract innovations have emerged, one of which is the Blockchain-Smart Contract which relies on a decentralized ledger system in digital form that moves automatically (self-executing) using cryptocurrency on the blockchain. With its application in electronic transactions carried out without human intervention and based on computer code, it raises various questions regarding its validity as an electronic contract that is binding and enforceable both in the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) in Indonesia, as well as internationally in UNCITRAL's Legal Model on e-Commerce with the implementation of technology neutrality principles.
Dasih Irma, Sari Maemunah, Saefudin Zuhri, Nendi Juhandi
Cryptocurrency is a form of payment for goods and services that can be made online. Many companies have issued their own currency, often called tokens, and traded specifically for the goods or services their company provides. Currently, blockchain technology can be implemented in various elements, including, financial services, smart property, IoT, smart contracts, blockchain government, blockchain identity. In Indonesia, cryptocurrencies are interpreted as crypto assets that can only be traded on futures exchanges. There are 229 cryptocurrencies recognized in Indonesia. The legality of using Cryptocurrencies in Indonesia can only be traded on futures exchanges, as stated in the regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (BAPPEBTI) number 5 of 2019 and the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 7 concerning the Establishment of a List of Crypto Assets that can be Traded in the Physical Crypto Asset Market.
Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi yang ditandai dengan keberadaan era revolusi industri terus mendorong pendayagunaan artificial intelligence pada berbagai sektor termasuk sektor hukum di Indonesia. Perkembangan pemanfaatan teknologi saat ini di bidang hukum dengan memfokuskan pada penggunanan kecerdasan buatan di bidang hukum kontrak. Pendayagunaan artificial intelligence pada sektor hukum kontrak bertujuan untuk memperoleh efisiensi serta akurasi dalam membuat rancangan kontrak. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian lebih dalam mengenai konsep pendayagunaan kecerdasan buatan dan cara kerjanya pada sektor hukum kontrak, serta perkembangan pendayagunaan kecerdasan buatan tersebut dalam mewujudkan efisiensi, akurasi, serta dampaknya pada sektor hukum kontrak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penulisan hukum normatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa artificial intelligence pada sektor hukum disebut legal tech untuk memudahkan para contract drafter dalam merancang, melakukan review, dan menganalisa kontrak melalui fitur smart contract. Fitur smart contract memiliki kemampuan sebagai contract generator systems untuk membuat rancangan kontrak lengkap beserta dengan analisis hukum atas kontrak tersebut. Namun, terdapat beberapa resiko penggunaannya berupa pengambilan keputusan secara bias kemanusiaan, kebocoran data dan penyerangan siber. Tantangan yang dihadapi adalah profesi hukum akan terdisrupsi dan berpotensi mengurangi peran beberapa profesi hukum yang sudah ada. Abstract Technological developments marked by the existence of the industrial revolution era continue to encourage the utilization of artificial intelligence in various sectors, including the legal industry in Indonesia. The development of the current use of technology in the legal field by focusing on artificial intelligence in contract law. The utilization of artificial intelligence in the contract law sector aims to obtain efficiency and accuracy in making contract designs. Based on this, the authors are interested in conducting more profound research on the concept of utilizing artificial intelligence and how it works in the contract law sector. The utilization of artificial intelligence in the contract law sector aims to obtain efficiency and accuracy in making contract designs. This research uses the normative law writing method. The type of data used is secondary data using qualitative analysis techniques. The research results explain that artificial intelligence in the legal sector is called legal-tech to facilitate contract drafter in designing, reviewing, and analyzing contracts through the smart contract feature. The smart contract feature has the ability as a contract generator system to create a complete contract design along with a legal analysis of the contract. However, there are some risks of using it in human biased decision making, data leakage, and cyber-attacks. The challenge faced is that the legal profession will be disrupted and potentially reduce the role of some existing legal jobs.
Dewi Immaniar, Nur Azizah, Dedeh Supriyanti, Nanda Septiani · 5 authors
Proof of Tunnel Signature (PoTS) is designed to avoid the main problems found in certificates based on Blockchain technology. In this case, it is so closely related to Cybersecurity. A lightweight protocol such as a Certificate Authenticated Key Agreement (CAKA) is needed to reduce the vulnerability of a system's operation, namely overcoming management overhead by using a decentralized system according to the characteristics of Blockchain Technology. PoTS is the second stage after determining the Key Agreement (KA) or certificate hash in authenticating a node, and this is also a significant step in minimizing computation costs. The nodes generated after the signing process remain anonymous and can be verified optimally. Smart contracts are also used as a support so that this research can ensure transparency and openness of transaction nodes to maintain and improve the efficiency of transaction security for a certificate based on Blockchain Technology.
Abstract This article aims to analyze how the implementation of the principle of freedom of contract in smart contract e-commerce. Using the normative juridical method, this article concludes that the standard e-commerce agreement has not fulfilled the principle of freedom of contract and has not reflected the values of justice, balance, and proportionality. The contents of the agreement have been made unilaterally. Therefore, further studies are needed to provide space for the parties to negotiate the e-commerce sale and purchase agreement.Abstrak Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak dalam perjanjian baku smart contract e-commerce. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, maka kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah bahwa perjanjian baku smart cotract e-commerce tersebut belum memenuhi asas kebebasan berkontrak dan belum mencerminkan nilai keadilan, keseimbangan dan proporsionalitas karena isi perjanjian telah dibuat secara sepihak. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut untuk memberikan ruang agar para pihak dapat bernegosiasi dalam perjanjian jual beli e-commerce.
The technology of smart contract is a new technology applied in online trading. This technology has the possibility of errors and its arrangement that results in losses to buyers. This study was aimed to examine the legal certainty for the users smart contract in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The method used was the normative juridical method. The results of the study indicate that the privacy policy on smart contracts in e-commerce transactions based on national and international laws still has a legal vacuum in which the aspect of national law is guided by the ITE Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 and the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Number 20 of 2016 concerning Personal Data Protection in Electronic Systems. Then, in the aspect of international law referring to the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (MLEC), it also establishes the rules for the formation and validity of contracts made electronically and for attribution.
Dewanti Arya Maha Rani, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, Ni Made Sukaryati Karma
The continuation of the electronic media that is widely discussed today is virtual money, commonly known as cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency can also be referred to as an unformed commercial object; actually in digital form which can be used in electronic transactions. This study aims to analyze the existence of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia and to find out the responsibilities of money laundering offenders who use virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading. The research method used is normative legal research. The results show that the existence of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia when used as currency unification, transact, trade or as a means of payment with businesses in this case, especially stock trading in Indonesia can be said to be invalid in terms of Law Number 7. 2011 concerning Currency. Users of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in Indonesia are quite widely used in business, which can be seen in Indonesia itself that virtual money (cryptocurreny) such as Bitcoin and Centcoin are circulating. Then, the responsibility of the perpetrators of money laundering who use virtual money (Cryptocurrency) in stock trading, where this action has a very negative impact on the Indonesian State, especially in terms of business because people who have committed these crimes take advantage of technological advances unwise so that the perpetrators can be ensnared based on Law No. 8 of 2010 concerning the prevention and eradication of the crime of money laundering.
Jan 1, 2021·Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fundamental Rights, I-COFFEES 2019, 5-6 August 2019, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
Desia Rakhma Banjarani, Shandi Patria Airlangga, Sri Sulastuti
This paper discusses legal protection in criminal law for bitcoin users in Indonesia. Bitcoin has not been specifically regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations; even the Indonesian government has made a clear statement regarding the illegitimacy of bitcoin. Bitcoin fraud raises new issues relat