Blockchain Papers

Tom Taulli

With the strong growth in Web3 from 2020 to 2022, there have been many high-profile tech executives that have moved from megatech companies to startups in the space. Here are some notable examples:

Mukul Pal

Crypto might be the most popular of the Web3 liquid alternatives [Alts] but as disintermediation picks up momentum, the new internet could lead to wealth redistribution by first taking away market share from the legacy world and then generating new opportunities in form of data assets. These assets could be bought and sold like stocks on the blockchain marketplace, creating an Alternative Assets revolution.

David Vidal-Tomás

No abstract is available for this record.

Henry Kim, Silviana Tana, Marek Laskowski, Cheng Zhong · 5 authors

Even though blockchain as a research topic incites broad academic interest, there is arguably a balkanization that occurred along the natural delineation between public-permissionless blockchains and private-permissioned blockchains. IS researchers, for instance, have been more inclined to investigate the latter as doing so entails building upon a research tradition in ERP, MIS, and organizational information systems. IS is not as inclined to investigate public-permissionless blockchains and their predominant application, cryptocurrencies, as their key underlying concepts of asset tokenization and protocol design are deemed within the domain of other academics, most notably economists and computer scientists. Web3 broadens applications of public-permissionless blockchains to encompass NFTs, DAOs, and metaverses and represents a shift beyond cryptocurrencies for both popular and academic discourse. In that spirit, we argue for broadening of IS research lens. There are four points to this argument. First, by the most authoritative definitions, web3 excludes private-permissioned blockchains. Second, developer and community interest in private-permissioned blockchains has flatlined relative to public-permissionless blockchains, which benefit from ever-new projects that provide vigor even if interest in older projects wanes. Third, there is a preponderance of open data of on-chain transactions, token price data from exchanges, Discord discussions, GitHub repositories and more for web3 that serves as fertile base for analyzing and theorizing, while adoption of enterprise blockchains is still speculated about in current papers. Fourth and most important, the established IS research tradition in online communities is a very relevant lens with which to study web3 even though IS has under-appreciated the relevance. We use the DeFi project Curve Finance to exemplify that web3 projects are data-rich and are as much about online communities as they are about tokens and computer protocols. We conclude by outlining some future work that will integrate quantitative and qualitative data from these three perspectives to theorize about web3.

Avinanta Tarigan

Surat Keterangan Pendamping Ijazah (SKPI) sangat berharga bagi para lulusan perguruan tinggi yang sedang mencari pekerjaan, oleh karena itu rentan terhadap pemalsuan dan manipulasi. Blockchain merupakan teknologi basis data terdistribusi yang mendukung integritas data, keterbukaan, dan ketelurusuran. Teknologi ini tepat digunakan untuk mencatat dan menyimpan surat berharga sebagai suatu aset digital yang bersifat terbuka dan interoperable. Untuk itu standard ERC721 digunakan untuk merepresentasikan SKPI sebagai Non Fungible Token. Penelitian ini membangun sistem penerbitan SKPI sebagai aset digital dalam standar NFT yang membutuhan ekosistem pengembangan teknologi Web3. Sistem berhasil dibangun, diimplementasikan, dan diujicobakan pada sebuah jaringan blockchain (Test-Net).

Matthieu Quiniou

Les promesses d’usage du web3 mobilisent de nombreux acteurs, des communautés se créent, notamment celle qui s’auto-définit comme DéGen. Génération émergente, contre-culture, mouvement artistique ou nouvelle forme d’identité numérique, les DéGens échappent encore aux discours et catégories socio-anthropologiques. Les sciences de l’information et de la communication, la sociologie des médias et l’ethnographie numérique fournissent des méthodes et outils d’analyse des usages et des codes de ces individus représentatifs de l’hypermodernité et du web3. S’il est difficile, à ce stade, de savoir si le mouvement DéGens n’est qu’un épiphénomène transitoire ou un marqueur emblématique d’une évolution sociétale de fond, les efforts déployés par les DéGens pour construire des modes d’organisation adaptés à leurs pratiques hypermodernes justifient une étude approfondie du fonctionnement de cette communauté d’un nouveau type. Cette recherche vise à documenter et éclairer de manière transdisciplinaire, à travers l’apparition de ces nouveaux acteurs, des questions centrales sur les mutations en cours liées au web3, les changements de paradigmes économiques, sociologiques, axiologiques, identitaires. Ces pratiques numériques actent le hic et nunc d’un monde hybride, le numérique n’est plus le double d’une réalité tangible, il ne reproduit pas le monde, il en devient la matrice, il ouvre sur une vision post schopenhauerienne : d’un « monde comme volonté et représentation », dont il convient de décrypter le mode de développement.

Benjamin M. Blau, Shardul Vikram

With blockchain technology as its foundation, the rise of Web3 and associated token economics promises unprecedented and fundamental changes in areas of ownership, governance, finance and engagement. The power of true ownership of digital assets, immutability and portability across worlds, platforms, and communities is changing how individuals and companies engage. Smart contracts enable new programmable commercial constructs which provide coded guarantees without the notion of a human guarantor. These powerful concepts of immutable record-keeping, true ownership, guaranteed transaction execution lay the foundation of the future of a Decentralized Customer Experience (DCX). This paradigm shift opens-up untapped opportunities and addressable markets in the CX space such as the empowerment of consumers in decentralized autonomous organizations, new business and commercial models, brand managemet & lifetime loyalty (aka. ‘super fan’), community-intrinsic marketing, and enablement & certification. This leads to industry-specific value cases and their monetization in healthcare, insurance, retail, consumer goods, and high-tech and the software industry. This article proposes the definition of a new market category called DCX unlocked by the impact of Web3 and blockchain technology onto the customer experience space and assesses new addressable markets spanning across almost any industry.

Shah Nawaz Jelil

NFTs have boomed in the recent past and have implications in several fields of science. In this article, I delve into the implications and potential advantage and challenges in the use of NFTs in the field of conservation science.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Kelsie Nabben

The term ‘Web3’ refers to the practices of participating in digital infrastructures through the ability to read, write and coordinate digital assets. Web3 is hailed as an alternative to the failings of big tech, offering a participatory mode of digital self-organizing and shared ownership of digital infrastructure through software-encoded governance rules and participatory practices. Yet, very few analytical frameworks have been presented in academic literature by which to approach Web3. This piece draws on the theoretical lens of infrastructure studies to offer an analytical framework to approach the emergent field of Web3 as an exploration in ‘how to infrastructure’ through prefigurative self-infrastructuring. Drawing on qualitative examples from digital ethnographic methods, I demonstrate how the origins of Web3 reveal the intentions of its creators as a political tool of prefiguration, yet its practices reveal the inherent tension of expressing these ideals in coherent technical and institutional infrastructure. Thus, I argue that one of the fundamental challenges Web3 is negotiating through technical and governance experiments is ‘how to self-infrastructure?’.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Darcy W E Allen, Jason Potts

The development of Web3 — a stack of decentralised technologies underpinned by blockchains — isn’t simply a technical or financing challenge, it is also a problem of innovation and entrepreneurial discovery. In this paper we apply the lens of user innovation toolkit theory to the development of Web3. Toolkits are an organizational design solution to an innovation problem with sticky and local information. Our aim is to explore how toolkits theory applies to Web3 innovation, proposing that Web3 innovation is being organized through toolkits (e.g., blockchains, token standards, DAO frameworks) that enable efficient organization of sticky information to facilitate innovation. The contribution of this paper is the first application of toolkits theory to Web3, reframing its development as a problem of entrepreneurship and innovation in the context of distributed information. We provide implications for the role of developers as user innovators, the economic problem of emergent toolkit stacking, and the design of toolkit business models.

Avni Patel Thompson, Ethan Winn, George Oates, Jad Esber · 13 authors

A group of researchers, builders and activists came together to discuss platform cooperativism and the intersection with the web3 movement. We touched on some of the key takeaways from the history of cooperatives that can be applied to developing new internet platforms and protocols, as well as the challenges platform cooperatives face scaling alternative models of ownership and control. Consequently, we investigated how developers and emerging internet companies might learn from the shared history of cooperatives and how, in practice, they can construct systems that respect cooperative ideals.

Alexander Grasser, Alexandra Parger

This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology and the Web3 for a decentralized participatory architecture. In this context, the polyvalent capacity of a block in a blockchain is at the center of this investigation. Blockchain innovations in cryptography and efficient block validation and creation systems have led to autonomous blocks that act as decentralized, transparent, and secure Web3 assets. Following our previous research on collaborative objects that enable real-time participatory design activities, a case study project H=N BLOCK+A is developed that implements blockchain principles at both the conceptual and infrastructural levels. At the conceptual level, architectural blocks are speculated and applied as autonomous and decentralized Web3 assets, i.e., a decentralized kit of parts/blocks/NFTs/applications that can form a crazy patchwork of heterogeneous compatible blocks. At the infrastructural level, an existing sustainable blockchain is facilitated to embed a decentralized design methodology that enables real-time participatory co-creation of a collective architectural form.

Gaurav Sagar, Vitalii Syrovatskyi

The various technologies and components that we have covered so far should cover most of the building blocks you would need to build any technical product. However, there is a growing interest in the development of decentralized applications (dApps) which run in Web3. If dApps and Web3 sound alien, what about smart contracts – nothing rings a bell yet?

Jason Potts, Darcy W E Allen, Chris Berg, Aaron M. Lane · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Tom Taulli

Since childhood, Gavin Wood has been interested in the convergence of economics and game theory. He even co-published a board game of strategy. He was also an avid computer programmer, having started at age eight.

Pranav Behal

Web3’s current applications mostly revolve around financial systems; yield farming, lending and borrowing, token swaps, bridges, and many more. Applications with social features in mind have started to take light, as well as more incentives for creators to join Web3. This paper aims to explain an idea involving listen-to-earn mechanics, the concept that users could be compensated for their time listening to music. I explain how artists could benefit significantly from this mechanic if implemented correctly. I also analyze how a platform like this can change the music industry and bring more mainstream attention to Web3, thus increasing users. I detail some paths to success and sustainability for a project such as this, as well as some potential issues I see. Benefits and incentives for artists and content creators using Web3’s technologies, such as DAOs and NFTs, are also explained in this paper. I explain the potential implications that Web3 could bring to the music industry and how artists and content creators can have better, more engaging communities while also being paid much more than they were using Web2’s platforms. These findings alleviate the misconceptions that Web3’s technologies will hurt content creators and show a path towards sustainability in the music industry.

Mark Fenwick, Paulius Jurčys

No abstract is available for this record.

Quinten Stokkink, Can Umut Ileri, Dick Epema, Johan Pouwelse

Web3 is emerging as the new Internet-interaction model that facilitates direct collaboration between strangers without a need for prior trust between network participants and without central authorities. However, one of its shortcomings is the lack of a defense mechanism against the ability of a single user to generate a surplus of identities, known as the Sybil attack. Web3 has a Sybil attack problem because it uses peer sampling to establish connections between users. We evaluate the promising but underexplored direction of Sybil avoidance using network latency measurements, according to which two identities with equal latencies are suspected to be operated from the same node, and thus are likely Sybils. Network latency measurements have two desirable properties: they are only malleable by attackers by adding latency, and they do not require any trust between network participants. Our basic SybilSys mechanism avoids Sybil attackers using only network latency measurements if attackers do not actively exploit their malleability. We present an enhanced version of SybilSys that protects against targeted attacks using a variant of the flow correlation attack, which we name TrafficJamTrigger. We show how the message flows of Round-Trip Time measurements can be used to expose attack patterns and we propose and evaluate six classifiers to recognize these patterns. Our experiments show, through both emulation and real-world deployment, that enhanced SybilSys can serve a fundamental role for Web3, effectively establishing connections to real users even in the face of networks consisting of 99% Sybils.

Dan Zhang, Simon Chadwick, Lingling Liu

No abstract is available for this record.

Rasha Almajed, Abedallah Zaid Abualkishik, Amer M. Ibrahim, Nahia Mourad

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are one-of-a-kind digital items with static or continuous visual and audio content. NFTs digitally represent any assets that may hold photos, gifs, audio, videos, or any other data-based storable material. These assets may come under a variety of asset groups, including art, in-game goods, and entertainment collecting units. What makes them appealing is their exclusivity, in the sense that each NFT is unique to itself, and ownership is determined by a digital certificate. In the first half of 2021, NFT sales totaled more than a billion. The NFT Software as a service (SAAS) based system is a one-of-a-kind offering and concept for thinking outside the box and presenting intellectuals and creative treasures and exhibiting these objects to ensure the security and integrity of digital assets. The existence of core decentralized networks allows for unrestricted access to this material as well as further analysis. Based on the Web3 Blockchain technology, these assets may be traded and represent next-generation ownership. In this paper, Adaptive Improved Convolutional Neural Networks (AICNN) are used to forecast NFT to provide a SAAS NFT collector. We also introduce Tree-seed Chaotic Atom Search Optimization (TSC-ASO) algorithm to optimize the forecasting process. The proposed method of NFT price forecasting is evaluated and compared with the existing forecasting methods. To produce an accurate report for NFT price forecasting, the proposed method will be effective.

Trent McConaghy

No abstract is available for this record.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.