Decentralized science (DeSci) is a hot topic emerging with the development of Web3 or Web3.0 and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and operations. DeSci fundamentally differs from the centralized science (CeSci) and Open Science (OS) movement built in the centralized way with centralized protocols. It changes the basic structure and legacy norms of current scientific systems via reshaping the cooperation mode, value system, and incentive mechanism. As such, it can provide a viable path for solving bottleneck problems in the development of science, such as oligarchy, silos, and so on, and make science more fair, free, responsible, and sensitive. However, DeSci itself still faces many challenges, including scaling, balancing the quality of participants, system suboptimal loops, lack of accountability mechanism, and so on. Taking these into consideration, this article presents a systematic introduction of DeSci, proposes a novel reference model with a six-layer architecture, addresses the potential applications, and also outlines the key research directions in this emerging field. This article is committed to providing helpful guidance and reference for future research efforts on DeSci.
Christos Karapapas, Georgios Syros, Iakovos Pittaras, George C. Polyzos
The popularity of blockchain games continues to grow as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) become the center of attention, contributing to the move towards Web3. We leverage the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and NFTs, backed by blockchains, to build a flexible, decentralized, and fair baseline system for trading games. Our solution creates a fully decentralized system, where new business models are enabled. In particular, we introduce and support the evolvability of ingame assets, enable their resale with dynamic pricing, depending on their rarity, and automatically provide a cut to the digital artists, without the need for a trusted (third) party. Our system guarantees that the in-game assets will remain online long-term, by orchestrating various decentralized services. Thus, users do not risk losing control over the artefacts or their value, even if the gaming company loses interest, or goes bankrupt. We considered and compared the Ethereum Name Service (ENS) and the InterPlanetary Name System (IPNS) as the naming component of the system and selected ENS for our solution, despite the fact it introduces monetary cost. Finally, we validate our claims and evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed system through a proof of concept implementation.
The advent of Web3 technology and the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) have sparked a paradigm shift in the financial ecosystem. This paper delves into the transformative potential of DeFi protocols, exploring their structure, functionality, and impact on traditional financial systems. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, we uncover the advantages and challenges associated with the adoption of DeFi. Our analysis highlights how DeFi platforms, including lending protocols, decentralized exchanges, stablecoins, and yield farming mechanisms, offer enhanced efficiency, reduced costs, and greater accessibility. However, we also underscore the critical issues surrounding security vulnerabilities, regulatory compliance, and market stability that must be addressed to ensure sustainable growth. By proposing critical research questions and suggesting future research directions, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of DeFi in reshaping global finance and its potential to create a more inclusive, efficient, and transparent financial ecosystem.
Tejdeep Sai Iddum, Shreyas Sahu, R Sujatha, C. V. Ravi Kumar
In recent years, compared to traditional supply chain systems Blockchain technology provides countless opportunities and potential to improve and develop the framework in a supply chain management model. We developed a client-side application which acts as a supply chain management platform built using Blockchain technology and Web3-net that provides access to cutting-edge services which include inventory tracking, order placement and product attribute information log. Cryptocurrency transactions are stored on a shared, digital ledger called a blockchain. This decentralized technology is spread across many computers and records every transaction. The platform provides secure and authentic information to its users at all stages using a decentralized app or DAPP which we have developed to ensure a seamless experience for verifying and maintaining data regarding all inventory parts and orders. This paper gives a model demonstration of the implementation of Blockchain Technology at the industry level. However, additional functionalities can be added in the future with enhanced compatibility.
Misleading content, fake news and false media spreading across social media platforms is a threat to society. It negatively effects people and its misuse in political propaganda, cyber crimes and other areas is undeniable. This paper presents how to build a secure, trustful and efficient platform to combat against malicious content and fake news by implementing NLP techniques including stop words removal, topic modelling and by applying machine learning models of KNN, Mulitnomial Naive Bayes and deep learning model of LSTM with Word2Vec and GloVe. These models are fed training and testing data by concatenating two kaggle datasets and selecting sample from them. Their accuracy is also compared at the end. To make the system decentralized Etheruem Blockchain is combined and as an offchain storage for blockchain IPFS is used.
Blockchain tehnologa predstavlja novu eksponencijalno rastuću tehnologiju i jednu od obećavajućih tehnologija za budućnost. U sklopu diplomskog rada, objašnjena je navedena tehnologija kao i primjer jedne od upotrebe blockchain-a. Na samom početku diplomskog rada, za što bolje razumijevanje blockchain tehnologije, objašnjen je pojam kriptografije i osnovnog algoritma koji se koristi. Razjašnjena je razlika između decentraliziranih i centraliziranih sustava, koja je osnovna razlika blockchain-a od ostalih tehnologija. Priložen je i povijesni razvoj blockchain tehnologije s ključnim događajima koji su doveli do rasta i interesiranja šire populacije za istu. Nadalje je objašnjen razvoj interneta kroz godine s ključnim značajkama web3 tehnologije, koji predstavlja nocu eru revolucije interneta temeljenu upravo na blockchain tehnologiji. U idućem poglavlju je pojašnjen princip rada blockchain-a, uključujući principe postizanja konsenzusa. Pojašnjava se i pojam pametnih ugovora, koji su sastavni dio funkcioniranja blockchain tehnologije. Navedeni su i primjeri za koje se navedena tehnologija može koristiti s beneficijama koje bi pružila. U sklopu diplomskog rada izrađena je aplikacija temeljena na blockchain tehnologiji korištenjem pametnog ugovora. Kreirana je decentralizirana aplikacija za razmjenu poruka između korisnika aplikacije. Decentralizirane aplikacije (eng. dApp) predstavljaju novu generaciju interneta koja pruža korisniku slobodu i privatnost korištenja interneta, bez praćenja i kontrole velikih tehnoloških divova. Za izradu navedene aplikacije korišten je React, za kreiranja korisničkog sučelja, a za izradu pametnog ugovora je korišten Solidity.
Towards a Decentralized Literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the History of Contemporary Romanian Literature by Mihai Iovănel opens new paths both in interpreting literature and towards understanding Romanian cultural identity at large. In this sense, “transnational specificity,” as Iovănel calls it, becomes a most resourceful field that allows, as Vancea shows, important insights into national and global identity in the context of significant technological developments. In the same vein, Vancea draws from Daniel David’s work on the psychology of the Romanian people to highlight new cultural aspects that could lead to changes in literature. At the same time, the paper tries to bring humanities closer to the perspectives that the Web3 phenomenon announce. Article history: Received 22 May 2022; Revised 25 August 2022; Accepted 31 August 2022; Available online 20 September 2022; Available print 30 September 2022 REZUMAT. Către o literatură descentralizată. Scopul acestei lucrări este de a evidenția modul în care Istoria Literaturii Române Contemporane scrisă de Mihai Iovănel deschide noi căi de interpretare a literaturii, dar și a identității culturale. Specificul transnațional devine în acest sens un teren ofertant care permite deschiderea unei discuții mai largi cu privire la identitatea noastră națională și globală în contextul profundei dezvoltări tehnologice. În acest sens, voi completa exemplele menționate de criticul literar cu studiul lui Daniel David despre psihologia poporului român pentru a evidenția noi puncte vulnerabile care ar putea să determine schimbări în viitorul apropiat al literaturii. Totodată, lucrarea încearcă să apropie umanioarele de perspectivele pe care le aduce în viitor fenomenul Web3. Cuvinte-cheie: identitate culturală, literatura descentralizată, Web3, istorie literară, NFT
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Wearable devices have limited ability to store and process such data. Currently, individual users or data aggregators are unable to monetize or contribute such data to wider analytics use cases. When combined with clinical health data, such data can improve the predictive power of data-driven analytics and can proffer many benefits to improve the quality of care. We propose and provide a marketplace mechanism to make these data available while benefiting data providers. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> We aimed to propose the concept of a decentralized marketplace for patient-generated health data that can improve provenance, data accuracy, security, and privacy. Using a proof-of-concept prototype with an interplanetary file system (IPFS) and Ethereum smart contracts, we aimed to demonstrate decentralized marketplace functionality with the blockchain. We also aimed to illustrate and demonstrate the benefits of such a marketplace. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We used a design science research methodology to define and prototype our decentralized marketplace and used the Ethereum blockchain, solidity smart-contract programming language, the web3.js library, and node.js with the MetaMask application to prototype our system. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> We designed and implemented a prototype of a decentralized health care marketplace catering to health data. We used an IPFS to store data, provide an encryption scheme for the data, and provide smart contracts to communicate with users on the Ethereum blockchain. We met the design goals we set out to accomplish in this study. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> A decentralized marketplace for trading patient-generated health data can be created using smart-contract technology and IPFS-based data storage. Such a marketplace can improve quality, availability, and provenance and satisfy data privacy, access, auditability, and security needs for such data when compared with centralized systems. </sec>
Julião Braga, Francisco Regateiro, Itana Stiubiener, Juliana Cristina Braga
This paper is a proposal to develop a study on governance of artificial intelligence algorithms and data from a comparative study of proposals available in the literature and experiences from Internet governance. Complementarily these studies will be made available for discussions in a Decentralized Autonomous Organization to be implemented, especially for this purpose, in the environment called web3 or Decentralized Finance (DeFi).
Julião Braga, Francisco Regateiro, Itana Stiubiener, Juliana Cristina Braga
This paper is a proposal to develop a study on governance of artificial intelligence algorithms and data from a comparative study of proposals available in the literature and experiences from Internet governance. Complementarily these studies will be made available for discussions in a Decentralized Autonomous Organization to be implemented, especially for this purpose, in the environment called web3 or Decentralized Finance (DeFi).
Sep 11, 2022·15th International Baltic Conference on Digital Business and Intelligent Systems (DB&IS), July 03-06, 2022, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Web 3.0 is considered as future of Internet where decentralization, user personalization and privacy protection would be the main aspects of Internet. Aim of this research work is to elucidate the adoption behavior of Web 3.0through a multi-analytical approach based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Twitter sentiment analysis. A theoretical framework centered on Performance Expectancy (PE), Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) and Digital Dexterity (DD), was hypothesized towards Behavioral Intention (INT) of the Web 3.0 adoption. Surveyed data were collected through online questionnaires and 167 responses were analyzed through PLS-SEM. While 3,989 tweets of Web3 were analyzed by VADER sentiment analysis tool in RapidMiner. PLS-SEM results showed that DD and eWOM had significant impact while PE had no effect on INT. Moreover, these results were also validated by PLS-Predict method. While sentiment analysis explored that 56% tweets on Web 3.0 were positive in sense and 7% depicted negative sentiment while remaining were neutral. Such inferences are novel in nature and an innovative addition to web informatics and could support the stakeholders towards web technology integration
Blockchain je popularno i traženo područje sa obećavajućom budućnošću. Jedan od najboljih pristupa području je pomoću pametnih ugovora. Za dovoljno dobro shvaćanje pametnih ugovora potrebno je prvo upoznati se s pojmovima blockchaina i Ethereum protokola. Potrebno je i naučiti koristiti blockchain novčanik, osnove Soliditija i pretraživati blockchain. Nakon toga se može kreirati pametan ugovor te se testirati pomoću lokalnih instanci i testnih mreža te nakon što jest istestiran i ispravno radi, može se prenijeti na mrežu. Da bi se olakšao korištenje pametnog ugovora potencijalnim korisnicima, kreira se sučelje za interakciju s ugovorom pomoću web3.js JavaScript biblioteke. Za kreaciju ugovora koji već imaju širu primjenu, mogu se koristiti šablone ugovore definiranih različitim ERC standardima. Pri kreaciji projekta koji će imati neku monetarnu vrijednost, treba razmotriti više opcija različitih blockchainova.
Dan Sheridan, James S. Harris, Frank Wear, Jerry Cowell · 6 authors
The inability of a computer to think has been a limiter in its usefulness and a point of reassurance for humanity since the first computers were created. The semantic web is the first step toward removing that barrier, enabling computers to operate based on conceptual understanding, and AI and ML are the second. Both semantic knowledge and the ability to learn are fundamental to web3, as are blockchain, decentralization, transactional transparency, and ownership. Web3 is the next generational step in the information age, where the web evolves into a more digestible medium for users and machines to browse knowledge. The slow introduction of Web3 across the global software ecosystem will impact the people who enable the current iteration. This evolution of the internet space will expand the way knowledge is shared, consumed, and owned, which will lessen the requirement for a global standard and allow data to interact efficiently, no matter the construction of the knowledge. The heart of this paper understands the: 1) Enablement of Web3 across the digital ecosystem. 2) What a Web3 developer will look like. 3) How this alteration will evolve the market around software and knowledge in general.
Abstract Research Summary This abductive study investigates how management occurs without managerial authority as part of a previously unseen organizational form—the decentralized platform with an independent market value. Our mixed‐methods study of the cryptocurrency industry draws on fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analyses (QCA) to analyze archival and interview data and offer new theory on how decentralized platforms coordinate activities to grow in an early‐stage, before network effects kick in. We find that, in the absence of a central authority, platforms coordinate activities with three mechanisms, namely decentralized (a) algorithmic coordination, (b) social coordination, and (c) goal coordination. Our QCA treat these mechanisms as explanatory conditions and, using a representative sample of 20 cryptocurrency platforms, reveal which configurations of decentralized coordination mechanisms nurture, or hinder, early‐stage platform growth. Managerial Summary Firms operate around a managerial hierarchy that distributes tasks, resources, information, and rewards to organizational members who pursue common goals as contract‐bound employees. From 2009, a new organizational form, called the “decentralized platform,” emerged and diffused without relying on hierarchy nor managerial authority—and without having to employ anyone. The most prominent decentralized platform, Bitcoin, has millions of users, thousands of contributors, and a market valuation never achieved before by an organization without a CEO nor shareholders. This study explicates how this unprecedented level of organizational decentralization functions in practice. We foreshadow implications for the digital economy, wherein “Web3” innovations, such as non‐fungible tokens and DAOs, have already shifted the orchestrating role played by platforms in capitalist societies.
Web3 networks are emerging to replace centrally-governed networking infrastructure. The integrity of the shared public infrastructure of Web3 networks is guaranteed through data sharing between nodes. However, due to the unstructured and highly partitioned nature of Web3 networks, data sharing between nodes in different partitions is a challenging task. In this paper we present the TSRP mechanism, which approaches the data sharing problem through nodes auditing each other to enforce carrying of data between partitions. Reputation is used as an analogue for the likelihood of nodes interacting with nodes from other partitions in the future. The number of copies of data shared with other nodes is inversely related to the nodes’ reputation. We use a real-world trace of Twitter to show how our implementation can converge to an equal number of copies as structured approaches.
In this article, we explore the tension between abstraction and composability in web3 today, specifically within identity solutions, and argue that the current standard DID v1.0 is sufficiently under specified, allowing for many methods and instantiations, including blockchain based certificates. We view experiments today in web3 identity as additive and complementary, and argue that often cited differences are of degree and more in form, less in substance. By way of illustration, we compare decentralized naming services and blockchain based identity certificates such as soulbound tokens (SBTs) to decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials (VCs). Both paradigms, to the extent they can be meaningfully differentiated, share similar potential as well as challenges. Specifically, we refer to fears about non consensual verification (scarlet letters) and show DID method iterations are not immune by issuing an innocuous public scarlet letter to a DIDs associated public address for anyone to see. Moreover, we argue that because SBTs are unspecified, one could characterize SBTs as an iteration, or extension, of VCs that additionally aspire to achieve composability with web3 smart contracts for correct execution of code, privacy, coercion resistance, and censorship resistance. We offer research paths for how VCs can also achieve these properties. We do not comment on cost, scalability, transferability, or common knowledge as they have been previously reviewed.
<p>Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) do hold the promise of providing Web3 with the opportunity for self-sovereignty of users' physical assets. However, existing NFT marketplaces lack a generic design that allows the value of assets to flow efficiently. In this paper, we propose a generic NFT architecture for Web3. The architecture supports the rapid development of the upper application environment and automated value mapping of the underlying physical asset environment. To connect these two environments, a generic connecter has been designed to provide flexible storage for mapping data management, and to support universal cross-chain transactions. With these features, the values of heterogeneous physical assets can coexist in a unified Web3 world, and rich value transfer services can be developed on demand. This paper discusses the background of the proposed architecture, the open problems and our initial solution, as well as our design principles and advantages, and finally validates this novel NFT architecture.</p>
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This chapter is a discussion about new trends in game and game economy design, with an eye toward Web 3, crypto-currencies, play to earn, blockchains, NFTs. It also provides an interview with Simon Davis, Singaporean Web3 game maker.
Abstract—This white paper explores the transformative potential of decentralized AI agents operating within the Web3 infrastructure to enhance user experiences through personalized and privacy- preserving browsing. We investigate how these AI agents can autonomously navigate the web, utilizing smart contracts for automated decision-making processes that prioritize user preferences and privacy. The paper outlines a robust technical framework that includes decentralized AI models running on blockchain networks, integration with existing Web3 protocols such as IPFS and ENS, and the implementation of privacy- preserving AI computation techniques, including zero-knowledge proofs. We present various use cases, including AI-powered decentralized search engines, autonomous content curation and recommendation systems, and smart contract-based content verification and fact- checking mechanisms. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with scalability of AI computation on blockchain, data privacy and sovereignty, token economics for AI services, and governance models for decentralized AI systems. The future impact of these developments on user interfaces in Web3, the democratization of AI services, and the emergence of new business models for decentralized AI is also discussed. This topic is particularly relevant as it addresses current limitations in Web3 user experience, combines two major technological trends, and has practical applications for both users and developers, while exploring novel economic models that contribute to the broader discussion of a decentralized internet. Keywords- Decentralized AI, Web3, Privacy, Smart Contracts, Blockchain, User Experience Index Terms—Decentralized AI, Web3, Privacy, Smart Con- tracts, Blockchain, User Experience
The new web 3.0 or Web3 is a distributed web technology mainly operated by decentralized blockchain and Artificial Intelligence. The Web 3.0 technologies bring the changes in industry 4.0 especially the business sector. The contribution of this paper to discuss the new web 3.0 (not semantic web) and to explore the essential factors of the new Web 3.0 technologies in business or industry based on 7 layers of decentralized web. The Layers have users, interface, application, execution, settlement, data, and social as main components. The concept 7 layers of decentralized web was introduced by Polynya. This research was carried out using SLR (Systematic Literature Review) methodology to identify certain factors by analyzing high quality papers in the Scopus database. We found 21 essential factors that are Distributed, Real-time, Community, Culture, Productivity, Efficiency, Decentralized, Trust, Security, Performance, Reliability, Scalability, Transparency, Authenticity, Cost Effective, Communication, Telecommunication, Social Network, Use Case, and Business Simulation. We also present opportunities and challenges of the 21 factors in business and Industry.