Blockchain Papers

Victor Amaral de Sousa, Corentin Burnay, Monique Snoeck

No abstract is available for this record.

Jan Ladleif, Ingo Weber, Mathias Weske

No abstract is available for this record.

Ada Bagozi, Devis Bianchini, Valeria De Antonellis, Massimiliano Garda · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Tom Lichtenstein, Simon Siegert, Adriatik Nikaj, Mathias Weske

No abstract is available for this record.

Herbert Woratschek, Ulrich Borgdorf, Daniel Dornbusch, Thorben Finken · 11 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Claudio Di Ciccio, Giovanni Meroni, Pierluigi Plebani

No abstract is available for this record.

Amal Abid, Saoussen Cheikhrouhou, Mohamed Jmaïel

No abstract is available for this record.

Nils Masuch, Elif Eryilmaz, Tobias Küster, Udo Pletat · 9 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Marijana Srećković, Goran Šibenik, Thomas Preindl, Wolfgang Kästner · 5 authors

The increasing digitalization and thus evidently advancing change in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, requires new business models, processes and strategies. Blockchain (BC), smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps) are still underused in AEC. BC and its potential of inclusion into the communication between project stakeholders has shown that it is not just a technology that is ready to use, but requires a thorough insight into the design process of domain-specific stakeholders, their interests and their collaboration workflows for a holistic Building Information Modeling (BIM) and BC-supported solution for the design phase. This paper introduces process modeling of BIM-workflows in the design phase. We propose a conceptual framework for the implementation of a design process with BC based on the integration of three underlying theories: design theory, configuration theory and task-technology fit. The main assumption is, before we can capture processes (1) we need to understand them (design theory) in order to re-engineer them for distributed ledger technologies (DLT) (2) we need to adapt them to changing requirements (configuration theory), and finally (3) continually re-adjust Information Technology (IT) and processes interdependence (task-technology fit).

Marcel Müller, Nadine Ostern, Michael Rosemann

No abstract is available for this record.

Sarra Alqahtani, Xinchi He, Rose Gamble, Papa Mauricio

The smart contract technology has increasingly attracted the attention of different industries. However, a significant number of smart contracts deployed in practice suffer from several bugs, which enable malicious users to cause damage. The research community has shifted their focus to verifying the correctness of smart contracts using model checkers and formal verification methods. The majority of the research investigates the correctness of systems built on one smart contract. This paper proposes a verification approach for systems composed of interacting smart contracts developed and controlled by different entities. We use the NuSMV model checker and the Behavioral Interaction Priority tool to model the behaviors of smart contracts and their interactions with the aim of verifying their compliance with the systems’ functional requirements. These requirements are formalized by Linear Temporal Logic propositions. The applicability of our approach is illustrated using a case study from The American Petroleum Institute and implemented using Hyperledger Fabric.

Marek Skotnica, Robert Pergl

No abstract is available for this record.

Nejc Zupan, Prabhakaran Kasinathan, Jorge Cuéllar, Markus Sauer

No abstract is available for this record.

Florian Gräbe, Niclas Kannengießer, Sebastian Lins, Ali Sunyaev

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) enables a new way of inter-organizational collaboration via a shared and distributed infrastructure. Meanwhile, there is plenty of DLT designs (e.g., Ethereum, IOTA), which differ in their capabilities to meet use case requirements. A structured comparison of DLT designs is required to support the decision for an appropriate DLT design. However, existing criteria and processes are abstract or not suitable for an in-depth comparison of DLT designs. We select and operationalize DLT characteristics relevant for a comprehensive comparison of DLT designs. Furthermore, we propose a comparison process, which enables the structured comparison of a set of DLT designs according to application requirements. The proposed process is validated with a use case analysis of three use cases. We contribute to research and praxis by introducing ways to operationalize DLT characteristics and generate a process to compare different DLT designs accordingly to their suitability in a use case.

Tan Gürpinar, Natalia Straub, Sandra Kaczmarek, Michael Henke

Kurzfassung Die Blockchain-Technologie wird aktuell in Unternehmensnetzwerken unterschiedlicher Branchen insbesondere zur Erhöhung der Transparenz erprobt. Pilotprojekte zeigen, dass eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit das Schlüsselkonzept für eine erfolgreiche und ganzheitliche Integration der Technologie darstellt. Im Rahmen der akademischen Ausbildung müssen Studierende auf die fachübergreifende Zusammenarbeit in heterogenen Teams vorbereitet werden. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie dieser Bedarf durch die Entwicklung eines europäischen, interdisziplinären Blockchain-Kursprogramms adressiert wird.*)

Marco Autili, Francesco Gallo, Paola Inverardi, Claudio Pompilio · 5 authors

Business process management is concerned with the design execution, improvement, and monitoring of business processes. Systems that support the enactment and execution of processes have extensively been used by companies to streamline and automate intra-organizational processes. However, today's business enterprises must deal with global competition, heterogeneity, and rapidly develop new services and products. To address these requirements, the services reuse-based approach allowed enterprises to reconsider and optimize the way they do business, and change their information systems and applications to support collaborative business processes. Service choreographies support the reuse-based service-oriented philosophy in that they represent a powerful and flexible approach to realize systems by (possibly) reusing services and composing them in a fully distributed way. Nevertheless, for inter-organizational processes, challenges of collaborative design and lack of mutual trust have hampered a broader uptake. In this paper, we show an early stage approach to address the problem of trust in services choreography by using Blockchain technologies, in order to support the decentralized and peer-to-peer collaboration in a trustworthy manner, even in a network without any mutual trust between nodes.

Ramani Teegala

The increasing digitization of financial services by the late 2010s resulted in the generation of massive volumes of transactional data across payment systems, trading platforms, digital banking applications, and regulatory reporting pipelines. These transaction logs, originally designed for auditing, reconciliation, and failure recovery, gradually emerged as a valuable source of behavioral and operational insight. However, the scale, velocity, and structural heterogeneity of transactional logs posed significant challenges to traditional analytical techniques, which were often optimized for static datasets or narrowly defined reporting use cases. As a result, organizations began exploring systematic approaches to mine patterns from transaction logs in order to better understand system behavior, detect anomalies, and improve decision-making. Pattern mining from transaction logs refers to the process of discovering recurring structures, sequences, correlations, and deviations within recorded transactional events. By September 2019, this practice was informed by a combination of data mining research, distributed systems logging techniques, and operational analytics developed in large-scale production environments. Unlike conventional business intelligence queries, pattern mining emphasizes the identification of latent relationships and temporal structures that are not explicitly encoded in application logic. These patterns may reflect normal operational workflows, emergent system behaviors, or early indicators of faults, fraud, or performance degradation. In financial systems, transaction logs capture more than simple state changes; they encode regulatory-relevant actions such as authorization decisions, settlement progressions, risk evaluations, and ledger mutations. Mining patterns from these logs enables institutions to analyze end-to-end transaction lifecycles, correlate technical events with business outcomes, and identify systemic inefficiencies or vulnerabilities. Importantly, such analysis must operate within strict constraints related to data privacy, auditability, and regulatory compliance, distinguishing transaction log mining in financial domains from analogous practices in less regulated environments. This paper examines pattern mining from transaction logs as understood and applied by September 2019, situating it within the broader evolution of logging, distributed systems observability, and data mining research. It synthesizes academic literature and industry practices to propose a conceptual and architectural framework for extracting meaningful patterns from transactional data at scale. The analysis focuses on methodological considerations, architectural layering, and practical challenges encountered in regulated, high-throughput systems, while avoiding retrospective interpretations based on post-2019 technologies or techniques.

Burakcan Ekici, Ayça Tarhan, Adnan Özsoy

Process Mining (PM) is a special data mining technique that allows extracting information from data of critical transactions (i.e. event logs) carried out in Information Systems and monitors the patterns in these transactions. When we start to process event logs with process mining tools, we face with data quality problems such as incorrect and insufficient logging and timing. Thus, data cleaning operations must be applied to event logs before applying process mining on these logs. Being an innovative medium of distributed data processing and storage with the features of enhanced security, traceability, automated transaction verification and integration, Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts might be a good option to process and store event logs for process mining. In this paper, we focused on the cleaning of the event logs by smart contract as data is flowing from the information systems into the blockchain, and used Hyperledger Composer by IBM to develop our solution. We tested our proposal on an open process data of 1555 records, and compared the cleaning performance of our proposal with that of DataWrangler by Stanford University. Our proposal not only cleaned all 1313 records identified and cleaned by DataWrangler, it also saved 12 additional records with a different date format that was caught and corrected by our smart contract implementation.

Wen Hu, Zhipeng Fan, Ye Gao

The smart contract on the blockchain allows credible transactions without a third party. These transactions are traceable and irreversible. The deployment and implementation of smart contracts in Ethernet will consume some gas, which will directly affect the cost of smart contracts. In order to reduce the consumption of gas during the execution of smart contracts, this article proposes an optimization algorithm for generating business process smart contracts. First, business process modeling notation (BPMN) models are extended to Petri nets. Second, Petri nets are simplified to find nodes in BPMN models that can be considered fusion tasks. Using new mapping rules from the BPMN model to solidity language, BPMN model is generated into Ethereum Smart contract model. In the BPMN models with multilayer fusion task, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can save 15% gas on average for business processes with multiple fusion tasks.

Jack Laurie Tilbury, Edward de la Rey, Karl van der Schyff

The current real estate purchasing process in South African sector can be described as inefficient due to heavy reliance on multiple third parties which results in high transaction costs and a prolonging of the time in which property transactions are completed in. Additionally, the extensive manual review and verification of financial and legal documents as well as manually updating multiple systems with redundant information not only takes time but is also prone to error and fraudulent activities. Blockchain technology presents an opportunity for the real estate sector as it has the potential to bring about more efficient transactions. This study examines two approaches to executing real estate transactions; the South African case and an international blockchain technology use case. Two conceptual models are presented using Business Process Modelling and Notation. Document review was employed in order to provide sufficient information on the real estate transactions. The findings show that the South African real estate transaction process is inefficient as it is manual, involves paper-based documents and relies heavily on third parties which result in numerous bottlenecks. The study revealed that blockchain-based transactions are more efficient and reduce reliance on third parties and manual processes. The study contributes two conceptual models illustrating how the two different processes are conducted. It also contributes a list of the challenges and opportunities related to blockchain-based real estate transactions.

Roel Wieringa, Wilco Engelsman, Jaap Gordijn, Dan Ionita

The concept of enterprise architecture (EA) introduced in the 1980s refers to business-IT alignment in a single organization. The concept has proven its utility in the practice of IT management, but EA frameworks cannot deal with network organizations that are enabled by IT. EA frameworks assume a hierarchically coordinated organization, where final responsibility for strategy rests with management. The characteristic feature of network organizations is that there is no central coordinator with final responsibility. Yet, today's network organizations are facilitated by IT and they too must be aligned with their IT infrastructure. To align networked organizations, we must take the value viewpoint, which is absent in EA. This paper presents an approach to business-IT alignment for networked organizations based on the concept of networked value models. In addition, since there is no hierarchical management in a network, we view business-IT alignment in a network as a coordination game, and we include results from coordination theory and game theory in our approach. We illustrate our approach with an example from the electricity business and apply it to the Bitcoin network.

Worawit Poolsawasdi, Chanon Dechsupa

In the process of Accounting Information System (AIS), the business transactions are generated by heterogeneous distributed applications. The business transactions result in T-accounts set up in the General Ledger System (GLS). The requirement changes maybe affect the screen scraping procedure of the business transactions interfaces, and also result in the issues of GLS process, system and control. In this paper, we propose a framework and alternative way to verify the business transaction interfaces of GLS in the early stage using the model checking technique. The GLS abstraction model are modeled using Colored Petri Net (CPN). Next, we verify the obtained CPN model using CPN tools to validate the GLS interfaces.

Orlenys López‐Pintado, Marlon Dumas, Luciano García‐Bañuelos, Ingo Weber

Blockchain technology provides a tamper-proof mechanism to execute inter-organizational business processes involving mutually untrusted parties. Existing approaches to blockchain-based process execution are based on code generation. In these approaches, a process model is compiled into one or more smart contracts, which are then deployed on a blockchain platform. Given the immutability of the deployed smart contracts, these compiled approaches ensure that all process instances conform to the process model. However, this advantage comes at the price of inflexibility. Any changes to the process model require the redeployment of the smart contracts (a costly operation). In addition, changes cannot be applied to running process instances. To address this lack of flexibility, this paper presents an interpreter of BPMN process models based on dynamic data structures. The proposed interpreter is embedded in a business process execution system with a modular multi-layered architecture, supporting the creation, execution, monitoring and dynamic update of process instances. For efficiency purposes, the interpreter relies on compact bitmap-based encodings of process models. An experimental evaluation shows that the proposed interpreted approach achieves comparable or lower costs relative to existing compiled approaches.

Shaul Kfir, Camille Fournier

We’ll see the same kind of Cambrian explosion we witnessed in the web world once we started using mutualized infrastructure in public clouds and frameworks. It took only three weeks to learn enough Ruby on Rails and Heroku to push out the first version of a management system for that brokerage. And that’s because I had to think only about the models, the views, and the controllers. The hardest part, of course, had to do with building a secure wallet.