A smart healthcare system integrates advanced technologies to improve patient care and patient health records, enhance operational efficiency of health records, and reduce costs. In healthcare data security is the main issue due to the increased use of technology. We need to address the problems of data security, consistency, integrity, and transparency. Blockchain technology replaces centralized data management with decentralized and immutable ledgers. Blockchain is a distributed ledger system that records transactions via a network of linked nodes in a safe, transparent, and unchangeable manner. Blockchain provides real-time access, data integrity, and secrecy by utilizing cryptographic concepts. The smart contracts are used to automate and secure healthcare data exchange between various entities, making it more efficient and transparent. Different entities such as patients, doctors, laboratories, and pharmacies are created in this work. Blockchain technology securely stores complete histories, including allergies and treatment plans, revolutionizing the administration of medical information. The transparency and immutability of blockchain technology facilitate the verification of medicine validity at every stage of the supply chain, from the producer to the patient.
With the increasing demand for secure and scalable medical data sharing, blockchain-based solutions have attracted significant attention. This study proposes a novel data sharing framework that integrates Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and the Lit Protocol to enable encrypted file storage, decentralized access control, and patient-driven data governance. The system adopts a dual-token structure, consisting of Ownership NFTs and Usage NFTs to separate and manage data ownership and usage rights. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, we developed a prototype and measured the execution time of various processing steps using files ranging from 100 KiB to 100 MiB. The results showed that AES-based encryption and decryption were completed rapidly, with each operation taking less than one second. NFT issuance and key management via the Lit Protocol were unaffected by file size but exhibited variability likely due to network conditions. In contrast, file transfer processes involving S3 and IPFS were strongly dependent on file size, with significant delays observed for large files. In particular, IPFS uploads experienced delays of over 40 seconds. Furthermore, gas consumption remained constant across all file sizes, indicating stable blockchain-related costs. These findings suggest that the proposed system serves as a promising foundation for secure and scalable sharing of sensitive medical data.
Financial resilience is influenced by Decentralized finance (DeFi) adoption only if individuals possess financial literacy and have limited risk perception, while the intermediary of trust in blockchain technology also influences DeFi adoption. Through quantitative research, the study investigates the positive role that DeFi adoption plays in improving financial resilience via superior liquidity management, asset diversification, and enhanced absorption of adverse economic shocks. It demonstrates the critical role trust plays in a technology such as blockchain, which uses its transparency, security, and immutability to gain users' trust. Fifth, findings demonstrate how financial literacy is a bridging link in the relationship between DeFi take-up and financial resilience, while risk perception weakens the encouraging effects of trust in blockchain technology. To uncover direct, mediating, and moderating relationships, structural equation modeling will be utilized to analyze results from individuals and organizations involved with DeFi platforms. The research findings provide policymakers, academics, and practitioners with insights into potential solutions to promote a safe and inclusive DeFi ecosystem. The study fosters financial resilience and inclusion in an increasingly evolving decentralized financial landscape by addressing the trust, financial literacy, and risk perception of two distinct groups.
Amir A. Abdulmuhsin, Abdulkareem H. Dbesan, Shafique Ur Rehman, Alhamzah Alnoor · 5 authors
This study explores the factors influencing healthcare professionals' willingness to adopt knowledge-generation-driven Blockchain technology (KGDBT) in government healthcare facilities, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework. It introduces transparency as an independent variable and examines the mediating role of knowledge generation in the relationship between transparency and healthcare professionals' intention to adopt KGDBT. Data were collected from 322 healthcare professionals in government hospitals and analyzed using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3.9 for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results strongly support the theoretical framework, demonstrating that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and transparency significantly influence healthcare professionals' adoption of Blockchain technology. Additionally, the study identifies knowledge generation as a critical mediating factor between transparency and behavioral intention to adopt KGDBT. This research addresses the challenges of implementing Blockchain technology in healthcare by proposing a knowledge management-oriented approach to enhance its effectiveness. It highlights the critical role of transparency in promoting technology adoption and fills a gap in the literature on Blockchain and knowledge management, particularly within the Iraqi healthcare context. This study offers new insights, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the role of knowledge generation in Blockchain adoption.
Anurag Shrivastava, RVS Praveen, Raed H. C. Alfilh, Navdeep Singh · 6 authors
This evolution of the union of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling a completely new paradigm of trust, security, and decentralization of AI models. Blockchain has an immutable ledger and decentralized consensus mechanisms which address critical challenges in AI like data integrity, transparency, and bias mitigation. AI can improve blockchain performance and scalability with the use of optimized consensus algorithms, fraud detection, and smart automation. Helping establish a more safe, explainable, and resilient foundations of AI systems, particularly in fields in which verifiable decisions matter, like as finance, healthcare, and supply chain management. This paper discusses the fusion of blockchain and AI, their complementary strengths, potential applications, and challenges.
The advent of blockchain technology presents trans- formative opportunities for the healthcare sector, characterized by its potential to enhance data security, interoperability, and patient-centric care. This review paper synthesizes current literature on the integration of blockchain within healthcare systems, exploring its capabilities in addressing prevalent challenges such as data breaches, fragmented patient records, and inefficient supply chain management. We identify major benefits in using a comprehensive analysis of different use cases such as EHRs, clinical trials, and pharmaceutical supply chains for improved data integrity, transparency, and operational efficiency. The review will also look at consensus mechanisms, including Proof of Stake (PoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proof of Authority (PoA), and the primary frameworks: Hyperledger Fabric, Ethereum and VeChain with a view to healthcare use cases. Barriers to implementation discussed in the paper include regulatory concerns, technological complexity, and stakeholder collaboration. This paper aims to guide healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and technologists an overview of leveraging blockchain technology in order to foster a more secure, efficient, and patient- centered healthcare ecosystem by identifying emerging trends and proposing a framework for future research.
Mustafa M. Abd Zaid, Ali Abdulkareem Hadi Al-Magsoosi, Kawther Al-Fatlawi, Orhan M. Albayati · 6 authors
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms are reshaping the financial landscape by enabling secure, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending through blockchain technology and trustless smart contracts. These platforms eliminate the need for traditional intermediaries, offering transparency, automation, and reduced transactional friction. However, existing DeFi lending solutions face challenges such as smart contract vulnerabilities, poor user trust, limited risk management, and inefficient system design processes. These issues often result in security breaches, collateral mismanagement, and reduced adoption. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a framework using the Blockchain-Based System Development Life Cycle (BSDLC) methodology. BSDLC introduces structured phases—including requirement analysis, system design, smart contract development, testing, deployment, and maintenance—tailored to the unique needs of blockchain-based systems. These phases ensure systematic identification of risks, secure coding practices, and continuous verification of smart contract behavior through rigorous testing. The proposed BSDLC-based method is applied to develop a safe, trustless P2P lending application on the Ethereum blockchain. The platform enables users to borrow and lend digital assets using collateralized smart contracts, which are enforced by oracles for real-time asset valuation. The implementation ensures tamper-proof loan execution, automated liquidation, and complete transparency, all without requiring central oversight. The findings reveal that applying BSDLC significantly enhances the security, reliability, and usability of decentralized finance (DeFi) lending applications. It reduces vulnerabilities and ensures system integrity, making it a scalable and trustworthy solution for modern financial ecosystems.
N. Praveena, Yogesh Kumar, Araveeti Madhusudhana Reddy, N. Harish Kumar Reddy · 5 authors
Blockchain technology holds significant promise for transforming the charity donation ecosystem by enhancing transparency, trust, and operational efficiency. Through the use of decentralized, immutable ledgers, blockchain ensures that every transaction is securely recorded and traceable, reducing the risk of fraud and misuse of funds. By introducing smart contracts, donations can be automatically allocated to intended beneficiaries based on predefined conditions, eliminating the need for intermediaries and minimizing administrative costs. This realtime traceability not only boosts donor confidence but also ensures that charitable organizations are held accountable for the funds they receive. Moreover, blockchain enables global participation, allowing individuals from any part of the world to contribute securely and transparently. This paper explores the practical implementation of blockchain for charity donations using the Ethereum network and highlights its potential to bring lasting improvements to the sector. As this technology continues to evolve, it is poised to become a cornerstone in the future of charitable donations.
Smart contracts are computer codes that represent contract terms and are designed to run on a blockchain platform, automatically enforced upon receiving predetermined inputs. This technological innovation, a key component of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, provides an advanced and innovative approach to executing contract terms. Incorporating this technology into Shariah-compliant contracts within Islamic Banks (IBs) holds the potential to reduce Shariah non-compliance risk (SNC) and enhance operational transparency, ensuring compatibility with contemporary technological applications. In particular, blockchain-based smart contracts have the potential to be integrated into the operations of IBs’ products that are based on tawarruq contracts. This study aims to investigate the potential application of blockchain-based smart contract technology in tawarruq contract operations within IBs and to suggest directions for future research. This study adopted a qualitative approach, drawing on relevant literature. The findings indicated that blockchain-based smart contracts can address Shariah Non-Compliance (SNC) issues in IB’s tawarruq operations while enhancing transaction transparency. This paper discussed the Shariah and operational challenges associated with blockchain technology and posits that blockchain-based smart contracts can improve the practices of tawarruq contracts within Islamic Banks. This paper offers insights for IB entities and regulatory authorities to evaluate the potential and impact of blockchain-based smart contracts within their operations and the broader financial system.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain-powered chatbots are revolutionizing customer service, significantly enhancing customer satisfaction, experience, and loyalty. This research paper investigates the development and implementation of AI chatbots, emphasizing their capability to facilitate personalized and efficient customer interactions. Utilizing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML), these chatbots can comprehend and address customer inquiries in real-time, providing smooth support akin to human conversations. The paper highlights current trends, such as the use of sentiment analysis to understand customer emotions and customize responses accordingly, creating a more interactive and empathetic experience. Additionally, the deployment of predictive analytics allows chatbots to foresee customer needs and offer proactive solutions, thereby minimizing response times and boosting overall satisfaction. Moreover, the study examines how AI chatbots enhance customer loyalty by delivering consistent, round-the-clock support, making customers feel appreciated and heard. Through various industry studies, the research demonstrates the positive effects of AI chatbots on customer retention and brand reputation. The study suggests that ongoing innovation and the integration of sophisticated AI features will continue to improve the efficiency of chatbots in the customer service sector.
P. Chinnasamy, B. Subashini, Ramesh Kumar Ayyasamy, Ajmeera Kiran · 7 authors
The emergence of digital technology has led to a significant increase in the importance of educational credential storage, exchange, and verification for organisations, enterprises, and universities. Academic record forgery, record misuse, credential data tampering, time-consuming verification procedures, ownership and control difficulties, and other problems plague the education sector. Machine learning (ML) and blockchain, two of the most disruptive methods, have replaced traditional techniques in the education sector with highly technological and efficient ways. Our study aims to propose a novel electronic educational document management technique using a blockchain-based fuzzy feed-forward convolutional temporal neural network that detects malicious users. Here, the training is carried out based on NLP analysis in document word weight indexing. This document management access control is based on role-based access with simulated remora swarm optimisation. In order to identify malicious users, this suggested system logs access requests on the blockchain and authenticated users. The findings demonstrate that this suggested architecture performs as intended in every case. The experimental analysis is based on a malicious user detection dataset regarding Prediction accuracy, Mean average precision, F-measure, Latency, QoS, Contract execution time, and Throughput. Based on dataset feature analysis, the proposed B-FCTNN_SRSO achieved a prediction accuracy of 98%, a mean average precision (MAP) of 95%, and an F1 score of 97%, with a latency of 96%. Additionally, based on blockchain security analysis, the B-FCTNN_SRSO attained a QoS of 97%, a precision of 94%, and a throughput of 96%.
This study assesses public trust in Bahrain regarding the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate the use of cryptocurrencies in financial fraud and terrorist financing. The increasing risks associated with illicit financial activities have been exacerbated by the rapid expansion of e-commerce linked to cryptocurrencies, leading to vulnerabilities in financial technology systems. AI presents a viable solution for detecting, analyzing, and assessing the risks associated with cryptocurrency transactions, strengthening confidence in financial institutions’ regulatory measures. Evaluating public trust is crucial to understanding societal awareness of AI’s role in monitoring and regulating virtual financial transactions to prevent fraud. This research employs a quantitative approach to examine the key factors that enhance confidence in AI-driven auditing and oversight of cryptocurrency transfers. The findings indicate that, while AI offers significant advantages in combating financial crime, certain challenges remain. These include technological complexities, difficulties in accurately identifying users, and weaknesses in electronic financial and legal regulatory frameworks. Such challenges may undermine public trust in AI’s effectiveness in financial oversight. Addressing these concerns is essential to ensuring the successful integration of AI in financial regulation and reinforcing its role in enhancing security and transparency in cryptocurrency transactions.
Atta Yaw Agyeman, Samuel Gbli Tetteh, Sofo Mohammed-Nurudeen, Lois Azupwah
Today, as digitalisation and the service economy gain prominence, the integrity of information and data has become crucial across all sectors. As a digitalised public ledger, blockchain has significant potential to enhance transparency and trust both within and across organisational boundaries. The primary objective of this essay is to bridge the gap between the theoretical understanding of blockchain and its practical application for further development and research of the technology. It also explores why it took many years for blockchain to emerge as a prominent topic and discusses the actual usability of this technology. Understanding the subject and research questions will facilitate comprehension of the discussion and the key findings of the systematic review. The main aim is to search for and analyse articles and information regarding how blockchain technology can improve transparency and trust within organisations and the associated benefits and challenges. Three research questions guide the search for relevant literature to deepen understanding and provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the technology: “What is blockchain technology and how does it work?”, “How can blockchain be employed to achieve transparency?” and “What are the benefits and challenges of utilising blockchain technology for transparency and trust?”. Presently, the most pertinent question related to contemporary society concerns how blockchain technology can be harnessed to provide transparency. Although blockchain technology is currently in its introductory phase, it is expected to grow exponentially in the future. As the private information of individuals or organisations can be stored in the distributed network of blockchain, data security challenges are more pronounced in this context. Achieving a higher degree of transparency is an effective strategy for fostering public awareness and trust, especially in today’s data-driven society. Consequently, the significance of transparency at all levels is underscored, whether for an individual seeking transaction security and legitimacy or a governmental organisation striving for greater trust and reliability.
Blockchain technology is revolutionising healthcare data management with its decentralised ledger, which allows for safe transactions and transparent record-keeping. Better privacy protections are necessary, nevertheless, because patient information is very sensitive. By improving decision-making and facilitating safe, transparent, and efficient handling of medical data, the Mother Optimisation Algorithm (MOA) and blockchain technology are reshaping the healthcare industry. Data security, interoperability, and privacy protection are becoming more important issues due to the exponential growth in volume of sensitive patient data generated by the proliferation of digital healthcare systems and medical equipment based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Secure and transparent data sharing across healthcare providers is made possible using blockchain technology, which offers a decentralised, immutable, and tamper-proof ledger. This helps to avoid data breaches. The MOA also improves healthcare system efficiency by maximising the use of available resources for illness diagnosis and therapy suggestion optimisation. Better patient outcomes, lower operational costs, and more efficient use of medical resources are all results of healthcare predictive analytics that are enhanced by MOA's intelligent, adaptive problem-solving skills. Making decisions in real-time, streamlining medical workflows, and creating personalised treatment plans are all possible with the integration of MOA with blockchain-based healthcare systems. This creates an environment that is trustworthy, intelligent, and patient-centric. Further study is address obstacles such as computational complexity, scalability, and interaction with existing healthcare infrastructures, despite its advantages. To build a stronger, safer, and more efficient healthcare system, future developments should concentrate on optimising MOA's methods, making blockchains more scalable, and integrating AI-driven approaches. This strategy has the ability to revolutionise healthcare by making it safer, more data-driven, and patient-centered. As a result, medical services will be better and more accessible for people all over the world.
This conference paper aims at understanding how blockchain technology can be utilized in financial auditing in relation to smart contract, consensus, and privacy-preserving technology. The paper focuses on how Deloitte and Santander Bank incorporate blockchain for auditing, especially filing compliance verification, data integrity, and privacy concerns, by employing a qualitative, multiple-case research study. Proof of consensus such as Proof of Authority (PoA) and the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) guarantee that the records of the blocks are unaltered since they involve a consensus on the validity of a particular transaction in a distributed fashion. Furthermore, solutions like Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), and homomorphic encryption enable the auditors to confirm transaction legitimacy without compromising the customers' data privacy laws. Research evidence suggests that blockchain has the potential to improve efficiency, integrity, and security rate in financial audit but major issues that hinder its widespread application include high cost, lack of acceptance by authorities, and technical issues. The paper provides solid suggestions regarding the adoption of blockchain in auditing and provides suggestions for the future research to explore more about the efficiencies of the audit that can be obtained with the implementation of blockchain and the regulatory policies that could make blockchain more suitable for the various industries.
The rapid adoption of blockchain technology in e-procurement systems has revolutionized digital transactions, offering transparency, immutability, and decentralized control. However, despite these advantages, smart contract vulnerabilities pose significant security risks, potentially undermining the integrity of procurement processes. This paper explores the development of a blockchain-based e-procurement system designed to enhance data security while mitigating smart contract vulnerabilities. By integrating advanced cryptographic techniques, formal verification methods, and secure coding practices, the proposed system aims to strengthen transactional security and ensure trust in procurement operations. The study further outlines real scenario test cases designed to evaluate the functionality, security, and reliability of the smart contracts and system components within the Ethereum based procurement model. Our findings suggest that a well-architected blockchain-based e-procurement framework can significantly enhance data security and improve overall trust in digital procurement ecosystems.
• Blockchain enhances security, efficiency, transparency and trust in maritime sector. • Five research clusters identified including secure data sharing and IoT integration. • Key adoption barriers: scalability, interoperability, standards and legal frameworks. • Publication trend shows growing interest in maritime blockchain applications since 2018. • China, Singapore and their institutions are leading research in this domain. This paper presents systematic literature review with bibliometric analysis that aims at studying and identifying potential uses of blockchain technology in the context of Maritime Single Window and Port Community Systems. The research aims to examine the state of development of the blockchain technology, to determine the trends of the industry and to analyze the prevalent strengths and weaknesses of the industry. Through analyzing 51 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and Web of Science (between 2013 and 2023), it is possible to state that the rate of scholars’ engaging with the topic has risen significantly since 2018 within the countries in Asia, especially China, Singapore, and other countries. Our mapping outlines five major streams of research: security and sharing of data in ports and port innovation; behavioral analysis of decentralized technologies in smart ports; factors leading to success of blockchains; effects of blockchains on container shipping; and integration of blockchains with IoT and supply chain management. The review highlights how blockchain can improve security, increase the performance of procedures, guarantee signature and credibility, and build trust, which are fundamental for growth in the maritime sectors. However, the study identifies several main implementation challenges, namely, scale-up features, interoperability, open-endedness, institutional implications, and variable management. As a result, we offer suggestions to the practitioners, policymakers, and scholars on how best to go about the adoption and implementation of blockchain in the maritime industry. Further research in the form of implementation studies, case, legal, and probes on how Blockchain interacts with other emerging technologies is recommended in the study. Namely, they establish foundational domains and define further methodology for subsequent studies and advancement related to blockchain enablement of maritime industries.
Mahmood A. Bazel, Fathey Mohammed, Mazida Ahmad, Abdullah O. Baarimah · 5 authors
Blockchain technology has gained significant attention in several sectors owing to its distributed ledger, decentralized nature, and cryptographic security. Despite its potential to reform the healthcare industry by providing a unified and secure system for health records, blockchain adoption remains limited. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the intention to adopt blockchain in healthcare by focusing on healthcare providers. A theoretical model is proposed by integrating the Technological-Organizational-Environmental framework, Fit-Viability Model, and institutional theory. A quantitative approach was adopted and data were collected through an online survey of 199 hospitals to evaluate the model. The collected data were analysed using PLS-SEM. The results indicated that technology trust, information transparency, disintermediation, cost-effectiveness, top management support, organizational readiness, partner readiness, technology vendor support, fit, and viability significantly and positively influenced the intention to adopt blockchain-based Health Information Systems in hospitals. Conversely, coercive pressure from the government negatively affects adoption decisions. Moreover, the study found that the hospital ownership type did not moderate the relationship between the identified factors and blockchain adoption. This study provides valuable insights into the various factors that influence blockchain adoption in hospitals. The developed model offers guidelines for hospitals, blockchain providers, governments, and policymakers to devise strategies that promote implementation and encourage widespread adoption of blockchain in healthcare organizations.
The term “Fintech” (Financial Technology) points out software and other spearheading technologies adopted by different organizations to automate and enhance financial services. It refers to the technology that improves the backend system at traditional financial institutions. In FY22, $8.53 billion was invested in India's Fintech industry. It has been anticipated that the FinTech industry will generate around $200 billion in revenue by the year 2030, and overall throughput will be $1 trillion. Fintech is expanding quickly, yet there are several problems in the current fintech market, including interacting with legacy systems like banks, data and payment security, compliance, lack of end-user awareness, retaining users, and user experience. Due to the development of fintech, more data is now accessible in digital formats, which facilitates analysis and the generation of insights but also increases the risk of security breaches. Blockchain is a disruptive technology using which one can securely move money from one account to another without using a bank or any financial organization. The term “distributed ledger technology” is often used interchangeably with “blockchain technology” in the financial services corporation. Each transaction has a trustworthy record, thus there is no chance of changing to earlier ones. In essence, blockchain technology can completely ensure the accuracy of every transaction. In this study, the problems facing India's fintech industry are described in detail, and possible solutions employing blockchain distributed ledger technology are suggested. Additionally, it finds blockchain technology has the ability to enhance the security and competence of financial operations in the Indian fintech sector; there are challenges such as regulatory uncertainty and scalability that require to be addressed. The paper concludes with recommendations for the upcoming development and adoption of blockchain technology in the Indian fintech sector.
In recent years, the term Metaverse emerged as one of the most compelling concepts, captivating the interest of international companies such as Tencent, ByteDance, Microsoft, and Facebook. These company recognized the Metaverse as a pivotal element for future success and have since made significant investments in this area. The Metaverse is still in its developmental stages, requiring the integration and advancement of various technologies to bring its vision to life. One of the key technologies associated with the Metaverse is blockchain, known for its decentralization, security, trustworthiness, and ability to manage time-series data. These characteristics align perfectly with the ecosystem of the Metaverse, making blockchain foundational for its security and infrastructure. This paper introduces both blockchain and the Metaverse ecosystem while exploring the application of the blockchain within the Metaverse, including decentralization, consensus mechanisms, hash algorithms, timestamping, smart contracts, distributed storage, distributed ledgers, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to provide insights for researchers investigating these topics.
The increasing demand for transparency, efficiency, and security in e-procurement has necessitated the exploration of blockchain technology as a new solution. In this work, a permissioned blockchain model is proposed that is aimed at enhancing the integrity of the data, ensuring secure participant enrollment through digital ID verification, and supporting automated purchase processes through smart contracts. The proposed solution utilizes Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) for supplier qualification authentication and the Interplanetary File solution (IPFS) for secure, distributed storage of contract and tender files. The proposed architecture utilizes the decentralization, immutability, and cryptographic protection features of blockchain technology in order to reduce the threat of fraud and establish stakeholder trust. A comparative study through existing studies and case studies illustrates that this system is capable of reducing the tender assignment period, eliminating unauthorized manipulation of information, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of e-procurement processes. This article identifies the socioeconomic advantages of adopting blockchain-based e-procurement, providing a cost-effective, secure, and transparent alternative to conventional e-procurement procedures.
Advances in digital technology - particularly Web3’s pseudonymity and decentralized naming systems, combined with information flows’ anonymity, accessibility, and cross-border nature - enable terrorist organizations to recruit members and perpetrate discrete socially dangerous acts. Conventional reactive counterterrorism measures prove inadequate against rapid illicit content dissemination that leaves detectable digital traces. This study explores artificial intelligence’s (AI) counter-criminal potential on machine learning and predictive analytics for proactively identifying and preventing terrorist activity through behavioral indicators and digital footprints that facilitate a strategic shift to proactive security paradigms. The research develops a multimodal analytical framework integrating natural language processing, computer vision, audio analysis, and social network analysis, detailing the complete machine learning pipeline from data preprocessing to model deployment. It examines the “RED-Alert” system as practical implementation and proposes a novel “Threshold Adaptive Intervention” (PORA) module utilizing graph neural networks and time-series analysis for digital risk assessment. Machine learning excels at threat detection and digital evidence generating, necessitating reevaluation of internet service providers’ (ISP) liability - particularly collective digital inaction. A differentiated liability framework accounts for providers’ technical influence while treating AI-derived risk indicators as ancillary tools for establishing individual culpability. Machine learning and predictive analytics enable a strategic shift to proactive counterterrorism.
Open access
Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Libraries are actively exploring innovative methods to leverage advanced technological breakthroughs like Blockchain, driven by the rapid evolution of information technology. The inherent benefits of blockchain, including its decentralized, transparent, and safe data management capabilities, offer compelling solutions for various library operations. While Bitcoin remains a prominent application, libraries can harness Blockchain's underlying potential to significantly enhance efficiency and security across numerous facets of their services. This study delves into the multifaceted potential effects of blockchain technology on libraries. It meticulously examines possible applications, long-term benefits, and the critical significance of seamlessly integrating blockchain technology into existing library services. For instance, blockchain could revolutionize interlibrary loan systems by creating an immutable, tamper-proof record of every transaction, thereby drastically reducing administrative burdens, minimizing disputes over borrowed materials, and expediting the overall lending process. Furthermore, it offers a robust framework for enhanced intellectual property management for digital resources, ensuring that creators' rights are meticulously protected and providing transparent, auditable tracking of digital content usage. This level of verifiable provenance is particularly crucial for academic and research libraries managing vast collections of scholarly works. Ultimately, the objective is to move towards Blockchain-based library management systems that require less manual labor, thereby improving overall understanding, fostering creativity in service design, and streamlining operational efficiency. Given that blockchain adoption in libraries is still in its nascent stages, this study aims to provide insightful information that can serve as a foundational guide for future research and practical implementation. The study concludes that, by adopting a contextual approach, Blockchain technology holds immense promise for greatly enhancing the efficacy and efficiency of resource transparency, ensuring patron privacy through secure data management, and bolstering information security across all library functions. References Abdennadher, S., Grissa, D., & Hamdi, M. (2022). Blockchain in accounting and auditing: A systematic literature review. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(2), 234-256. Abid, H. (2021). Uses of blockchain technologies in library services. Library Hi Tech News, 38(8), 9-11. Agbo, C. C., Mahmoud, Q. H., & Eklund, J. M. (2019). Blockchain technology in healthcare: A systematic review. Healthcare, 7(2), 56. Akram, S. V., Malik, P. 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