With the recent hype around the Metaverse and NFTs, Web3 is getting more and more popular. The goal of Web3 is to decentralize the web via decentralized applications. Wallets play a crucial role as they act as an interface between these applications and the user. Wallets such as MetaMask are being used by millions of users nowadays. Unfortunately, Web3 is often advertised as more secure and private. However, decentralized applications as well as wallets are based on traditional technologies, which are not designed with privacy of users in mind. In this paper, we analyze the privacy implications that Web3 technologies such as decentralized applications and wallets have on users. To this end, we build a framework that measures exposure of wallet information. First, we study whether information about installed wallets is being used to track users online. We analyze the top 100K websites and find evidence of 1,325 websites running scripts that probe whether users have wallets installed in their browser. Second, we measure whether decentralized applications and wallets leak the user's unique wallet address to third-parties. We intercept the traffic of 616 decentralized applications and 100 wallets and find over 2000 leaks across 211 applications and more than 300 leaks across 13 wallets. Our study shows that Web3 poses a threat to users' privacy and requires new designs towards more privacy-aware wallet architectures.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to bridge diversiform service functions and heterogeneous network components. Although the Web3 and blockchain have been regarded as pioneers to retrieve the power and rights from current and future Internet giants, there are still many serious integration issues if information centric mechanisms are enabled. In this article, we establish a system for Reliable Decentralized Networks (RDN) to enhance the capability of content privacy protection based on smart collaborative theory. Possible solutions are explored to create compatible IoT environment when massive data packets have been exposed and shared in complex scenarios. Specifically, we first present common cyberattack approaches inspired by well-known service patterns and typical network characteristics. The information centric requirements are investigated to reduce the leakage risk of existing procedures, which provides necessary repertoire for implementations. The details of RDN design and deployment include target content classifications, representative combination analysis, caching pattern identifications, and so on. Finally, we validate the RDN prototype to illustrate endogenous advantages and potential utilities.
Web3 (also known as Web 3.0) metaverse is a blockchain-driven networked, decentralized, and open virtual world. The key feature of the Web3 metaverse is that the ownership of digital assets is recorded by non-fungible token (NFT) protocol on the blockchain. Thus, users are better encouraged to construct Web3 metaverse due to the ownership of their user-generated content (UGC). However, the existing UGC editors mainly face two challenges: they cannot guarantee the uniqueness of UGC; and they are hard-pressed to find a trade-off between model granularity and 3D modeling difficulty. In this article, we design a novel UGC editor for the Web3 metaverse, named MetaCube, to address these challenges. MetaCube applies an artificial intelligence (AI) method to assist the UGC creation for decreasing the 3D modeling difficulty while maintaining the model granularity. To guarantee the uniqueness of UGC, this article proposes 3D Crypto-dropout, a specially designed dropout that can utilize user information to control the UGC creation process and generate unique fine-grained 3D models. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 3D Crypto-dropout can effectively guarantee the uniqueness of UGC from both numerical and human-centered evaluation. Moreover, the existing challenges and open research topics for the uniqueness of UGC are also profoundly discussed.
Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Web3, an emerging blockchain-based decentralized network, grants users ownership and enhances the collaboration among devices under monitoring. Benefiting from decentralization and in-memory computing, vehicular edge networks can process tasks such as road object detection distributedly without being attacked. Recently, to provide intelligent service for Web3 users, artificial intelligence applications have been booming, thus generating enormous deep learning models. These models are supposed to be deployed in the edge due to their massive computation. Further-more, edge servers may face overload and intolerable delay for the high concurrency of offloaded deep learning tasks. How to determine an optimal offloading decision in the highly dynamic and heterogeneous edge-cloud environment is still a challenge. To tackle the mentioned challenge, a dynamic offloading strategy based on game theory combined with convolutional neural network (CNN) partition for vehicular edge networks, named GPOV, is proposed. Specifically, CNN partition can utilize resources more efficiently and reduce the delay with parallelism. The game theoretic offloading decision strategy can determine the optimal offloading policy according to the real-time environment. The performance of our strategy is validated in the final part of this article.
Rahaf Adam Alnuaimi, Ranem Khaled Almasalmeh, Sarah Adel Baker, Maryam Nasser Alsaiaari · 5 authors
In this paper, we aim to solve critical issues organizations face during attendance monitoring. Conventional log-in systems fail to effectively ensure successful attendance monitoring, and challenges such as user manipulation, social distancing making biometric devices obsolete, and other issues arise. To address these challenges, we propose a two-factor authentication system based on distance and face recognition. The system incorporates advanced geo-tracking tools and technologies with web3 features and double-factor authentication using face recognition technologies and accompanying distance monitoring devices and tools. Our system provides secure, adaptive, and advanced log-ins for employees and attendance monitoring for employers. The proposed system is scalable by simply accompanying more distance-tracking devices with no additional support systems required. It is a smart, user-friendly, and effective log-in system designed to optimize resource and time allocation for any organization. Compared to other two-factor authentication systems, our system is faster, more secure, and does not require central devices. It is also more friendly and flexible, offering a viable solution for maintaining a safe environment and easing procedures for employees and managers.
AI requires heavy amounts of storage and compute with assets that are commonly stored in AI Hubs. AI Hubs have contributed significantly to the democratization of AI. However, existing implementations are associated with certain benefits and limitations that stem from the underlying infrastructure and governance systems with which they are built. These limitations include high costs, lack of monetization and reward, lack of control and difficulty of reproducibility. In the current work, we explore the potential of decentralized technologies - such as Web3 wallets, peer-to-peer marketplaces, storage and compute, and DAOs - to address some of these issues. We suggest that these infrastructural components can be used in combination in the design and construction of decentralized AI Hubs.
Recently, the concept of metaverse has been rapidly emerging, which highly expands the human living space. Specifically, 3D models are at the heart of building a vast metaverse space, so a massive number of 3D models are needed. Existing 3D model libraries and platforms have achieved great results. However, most of them are unscalable, insufficiently open, inefficient to collect, and at risk of service disruption and data corruption. Therefore, we propose and implement Web3DP, a crowdsourcing platform for 3D models based on Web3 (a.k.a. Web 3.0) infrastructure. By using the decentralized blockchain technology, Web3DP has the advantages of transparency, auditability, traceability, data tamper-proof, high file transfer efficiency, and service stability. Experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed platform. It illustrates that Web3DP shows better file transmission capabilities with an acceptable transaction fee to facilitate 3D model collecting and managing for metaverse, games, cultural heritage, etc.
Yu Qiu, Haijun Zhang, Kai Sun, Keping Long · 5 authors
Recently, Web3 has received extensive attention as the next generation Internet and is in rapid development, which can highly integrate the physical world with the digital world. The blockchain that can build trust and fog computing with distributed computing mode can fit well with the decentralization idea of Web3. The combination of the two can provide an effective solution for the implementation of Web3. This article proposes a new network architecture, fog-assisted blockchain radio access network (FogBC-RAN), which supports stable and mutual trust connections on a global scale, and can smoothly coordinate multi-dimensional resources to support new services such as holographic communication, digital twin, and sensory interconnection. With the interconnection of ten thousand chains in the future Web3, the cross-chain information transfer process based on Polkadot for charging sharing is presented, which can realize flexible cross-chain transactions. Meanwhile, for the mainstream computing-intensive applications of Web3, considering the latency, energy consumption and transaction cost, a computing offloading strategy based on matching game is proposed to minimize the system cost. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the offloading mechanism proposed in FogBC-RAN.
Hao Xu, Yunqing Sun, Zihao Li, Yao Sun · 6 authors
Web3 brings an emerging outlook for the value of decentralization, boosting the decentralized infrastructure. People can benefit from Web3, facilitated by the advances in distributed ledger technology, to read, write and own web content, services and applications more freely without revealing their real identities. Although the features and merits of Web3 have been widely discussed, the network architecture of Web3 and how to achieve complete decentralization considering law compliance in Web3 are still unclear. Here, we propose a perspective of Web3 architecture, deController, consisting of underlay and overlay network as Web3 infrastructures to underpin services and applications. The functions of underlay and overlay and their interactions are illustrated. Meanwhile, the security and privacy of Web3 are analyzed based on a novel design of three-tier identities cooperating with deController. Furthermore, the impacts of laws on privacy and cyber sovereignty to achieve Web3 are discussed.
The third annual ACM SIGecom Winter Meeting took place on February 22, 2023. Organized by Scott Kominers and Matt Weinberg, this year's meeting brought together researchers from economics, computer science, and adjacent fields to focus on Web3, blockchains, and cryptocurrencies. The virtual meeting included talks from and discussions with leading experts on getting into the research space, interesting technical questions, and exciting challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The day also included interactive exercises that gave participants the opportunity to gain hands-on experience and have fun with NFTs.
This article explores how the concept of a ‘Decentralised Digital Identity’ applies to media users or a professional publishing company. We investigate how these types of identities can be used to develop trust and extract new value in the publishing and media industries. The work is based on the research undertaken by the Cogency project in 2022, which assessed how Web3 can be used to help build ongoing trust and develop new sources of revenue for publishers and content producers.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has been gaining rising importance due to advanced blockchain technology and web3.0. Consequently, many decentralized finance applications (DeFi apps) have emerged, which aim to reconstruct traditional finance and provide financial services with decentralization, transparency, and autonomy. To better understand the characteristics of DeFi apps in this rapidly evolving era, in this paper, we propose to profile DeFi apps based on 666 rigorously classified DeFi apps from a multi-layer perspective, which includes the transaction layer, token layer, and value layer. Our research provides insight into the multiple layers of DeFi apps, including both the breadth and the depth of current transactions, the degree to which apps are interconnected at the level of value flow, and an initial investigation into the relationship between whale trading and market crashes, which better help DeFi app developers with app design, performance evaluation, and optimization.
The Metaverse is gaining attention among academics as maturing technologies empower the promises and envisagements of a multi-purpose, integrated virtual environment. An interactive and immersive socialization experience between people is one of the promises of the Metaverse. In spite of the rapid advancements in current technologies, the computation required for a smooth, seamless and immersive socialization experience in the Metaverse is overbearing, and the accumulated user experience is essential to be considered. The computation burden calls for computation offloading, where the integration of virtual and physical world scenes is offloaded to an edge server. This paper introduces a novel Quality-of-Service (QoS) model for the accumulated experience in multi-user socialization on a multichannel wireless network. This QoS model utilizes deep reinforcement learning approaches to find the near-optimal channel resource allocation. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the adoption of the QoS model enhances the overall socialization experience.
This paper provides an economic appraisal of blockchain technology's impact on the two representative pillars of an economic system: finance and market competition. It is argued that although cryptocurrencies designed upon blockchain technology are perceived as alternative currencies and speculative financial assets today, their roles are limited in the economic sense. However, blockchain technology can promote market competition in the internet sector by the virtue of decentralization. In comparison to the highly concentrated market power of current internet companies, new dynamics of market competition based on Web3 are discussed.
The emergence of Web3 technologies is transforming the internet and its applications. Web3 refers to the next generation of the internet, which is built on blockchain technology and decentralized applications. This new version of the internet is expected to be more secure, transparent, and open than the current Web2, which is characterized by centralized control and data ownership.The review paper provides an overview of Web3 and its significance in the context of the internet and blockchain technology. It explains how Web3 is different from Web1 and Web2, and why it has the potential to revolutionize various industries. Web1 was the first version of the internet, which was static and read-only. Web2, on the other hand, introduced interactive and social elements to the internet, but it still relies on centralized control and data ownership. The review paper goes on to explain the various technologies associated with Web3, such as blockchain technology, decentralized applications (dApps), and smart contracts. Blockchain technology is the backbone of Web3 and enables decentralized data storage and transaction processing. Decentralized applications (dApps) are software programs that run on a blockchain and enable peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries. Smart contracts are self-executing contracts that automatically enforce the rules and regulations of an agreement. The review paper also explores the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) and its impact on the financial sector. DeFi is a subcategory of dApps that enables decentralized financial services such as lending, borrowing, and trading without the need for traditional financial intermediaries. The report discusses how DeFi is disrupting the traditional financial sector and opening new opportunities for innovation and financial inclusion. The review paper further discusses the potential use cases for Web3 in industries such as gaming, social media, supply chain management, and identity verification. For example, Web3 can enable new models of gaming that are more transparent and fairer for players, as well as provide a more secure and private social media experience. In supply chain management, Web3 can enable greater transparency and traceability of products, which can improve efficiency and reduce fraud. In identity verification, Web3 can provide a decentralized and secure way for individuals to prove their identity without relying on centralized authorities.Finally, the review paper discusses the challenges and limitations of Web3 technologies, such as scalability, interoperability, and user adoption. Despite these challenges, the report provides a vision for the future of Web3 and its potential impact on society.Web3 has the potential to create a more open, decentralized, and equitable internet that empowers individuals and communities.
Blockchain technology has gained significant attention as a solution for ensuring data integrity, confidentiality, and availability in a trustless environment.Its main objective is to safeguard data from both internal and external cyberattacks by leveraging the collective power of the network to counter malicious attempts.In this project, we aim to develop a decentralized messaging application using XMTP (replace with the correct protocol if applicable).Our application will enable secure and anonymous transmission of encrypted messages.The Ethereum platform will be utilized for deploying our blockchain network.By utilizing a distributed architecture and a flexible communication protocol, our application will be resilient against various forms of suppression.XMTP's extensible design allows for a wide range of use cases in exchanging message data between web3 identities.Additionally, the XMTP network ensures message persistence and associates them with web3 identities rather than specific client apps.As a result, each web3 identity possesses a portable inbox accessible through any XMTP-enabled client application.
The current online social network landscape is characterized by competition to get larger audiences leading to massive user migrations which will determine the shape of the future Web. However, user migration phenomena have not been fully understood and their driving mechanisms are still not well identified; in particular, the behaviors of hubs and the influence they exert on their followers are unclear. In this work, we focus on these aspects by analyzing the propensity of hubs to migrate towards a new social platform as a consequence of a shocking event; and the influence they exert on the decision of their neighbors of migrating to a new platform or staying on the native one. We conducted analysis on data made available after a user migration consequence of a hard fork involving two Web3 online social networks based on the blockchains Steem and Hive. Due to the blockchain nature of these Web3 platforms, we got detailed data about social and financial interactions among the users, along with information that allowed a precise reconstruction of the context surrounding the migration. The main findings suggest that different types of hubs apply different strategies when choosing to migrate, e.g. financial hubs diversify their strategy by staying and migrating at the same time. As for hub influence, results suggest that users directly interacting with hubs tend to migrate. In general, findings on influence indicate that understanding the activity and the influence of hubs is crucial in monitoring and controlling the user migration process.
The metaverse, a virtual world comprising a collective virtual shared space where users interact with one another through avatars and computer-generated objects, aims to closely mimic our real world by integrating elements of Artificial Intelligence (AI), immersive reality, advanced connectivity, and Web3. As metaverse technologies gain momentum across multiple sectors, including animal farming, their potential for addressing complex challenges such as climate change and sustainability in precision food production systems becomes increasingly apparent. However, it is crucial to consider the ethical implications and the role of sensor data and livestock behavior analysis in developing metaverse technologies for modern animal farming, given the sensitive and controversial nature of animal welfare. Failure to address these ethical considerations and harness the power of sensor data and behavior analysis could lead to a lack of credibility and insensitivity towards adopting metaverse technologies in the animal farming sector. It is essential to ensure that the development of metaverse technologies does not prioritize technology over animal welfare, ethics, socio-economic implications, and the potential for data-driven insights. Addressing diversity and equity in the context of animal farming and the metaverse is crucial to avoid perpetuating existing inequalities during the implementation of metaverse technologies. This groundbreaking paper ventures into unexplored territory, shedding light on the untapped potential of the metaverse for modern animal farming. While research on this topic is still in its infancy, we embark on a journey of visionary speculation, presenting a compelling technology forecast that envisions the extraordinary possibilities awaiting us in the future. By delving into the metaverse's transformative capabilities, we provide a glimpse into a world where animal farming transcends its traditional limitations and embraces a new era of efficiency, sustainability, and ethical practices.
ROCYS is a knowledge resource for practitioners, scientists, and researchers working in various fields of cyber security, hacking, digital forensics, cyber warfare, viruses and worms domain or critical infrastructure protection area.
With the explosive development of technology and Internet communication, it has become an inevitable trend to realize the secure storage and sharing of electronic medical data among hospitals. In recent researches, there are also many problems in realizing secure storage and sharing of electronic medical data, such as "data silos", leakage of patient sensitive information due to data sharing and having no reliability about the original data uploaded by patients. To solve the above problems, we propose a blockchain-based medical data storage and secure sharing scheme. In the scheme, we utilize IPFS-based Web3.Storage for medical data storage, propose a sensitivity classification and access control strategy for sensitive data leakage and present a blockchain-based original data reliability checking strategy to check the reliability of the original data. Our scheme is explained in detail in the paper, and the performance analysis of this scheme is carried out to prove the feasibility of this scheme.
Amulya Singh, Aayushi Bhatnagar, K. B. Bhatnagar, Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Abstract: In the real world, we enjoy showing off our art collections through images and films to express our personalities and interact with others in the neighborhood. However, there aren’t many methods in the NFT community outside updating the profile image for us to show others how much we love our collections. Adding any NFT to your camera is quite simple with this project. This merely needs an OpenSea connection to access the associated material because of the compatibility with web3. And whether it is 3D or 2D, a superb AR experience will be created based on the NFT. The NFT can be used as a background if it’s a JPEG. However, if the 3D model is set up, you may control it by moving your body.
Non-fungible tokens (NFT) represent one of the most important technologies in the space of Web3. Thanks to NFTs, digital or physical assets can be tokenised to represent their ownership through the usage of smart contracts and blockchains. The first generation of this technology, called NFT 1.0, considers static tokens described by a set of metadata that cannot be changed after token creation. The static nature prevents their wide spread as they do not support any meaningful user interaction. For this reason, its evolution, called NFT 2.0, has been proposed to make tokens interactive and dynamic and enhance user experience, opening the possibility to use NFTs in more ways and scenarios. The purpose of this article is to review the transition from NFT 1.0 to NFT 2.0, focusing on the newly introduced properties and features and the rising challenges. In particular, we discuss the technical aspects of blockchain technology and its impact on NFTs. We provide a detailed description of NFT properties and standards on various blockchains and discuss the support of the most important blockchains for NFTs. Then, we discuss the properties and features introduced by NFT 2.0 and detail the technical challenges related to metadata and dynamism. Lastly, we conclude by highlighting the new application scenarios opened by NFT 2.0. This review paper serves as a solid base for future research on the topic as it highlights the current technological challenges that must be addressed to help a wide adoption of NFTs 2.0.
This chapter talks about the metaverse and what it means for aviation and travel in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain. In this chapter, metaverse is discussed as follows. First, the concepts, principles, and what gave rise to the metaverse are explored, and which use cases have already been adopted. Next, the chapter reviews use cases in the context of technology stacks such as fusing AI on blockchain in metaverse and business model opportunities it creates in the airline, airport, and travel industry. Specific examples and illustrations are provided, which conclude with new opportunities that can be explored and which benefits they will bring.