Sampad Sikder, Mashiat Amin Farin, Md. Ariful Islam, Tahlil Tahlil · 5 authors
Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an emerging technology that empowers individuals to manage their assets without relying on centralized institutions. This paper examines the nexus between DeFi & the NFT market. It delves into DeFi with concepts like Liquidity Pools & DEXs, while clarifying concepts like fungible tokens & stablecoins within NFT ecosystems. Exploring primary & secondary markets, along with NFT royalty structures, it aims to enhance understanding & empower individuals to navigate these landscapes effectively. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between the NFT market & the broader DeFi landscape, offering practical insights for NFT marketplace owners & in-depth analysis for academic researchers.
As the non-fungible token (NFT) market flourishes, price prediction emerges as a pivotal direction for investors gaining valuable insight to maximize returns. However, existing works suffer from a lack of practical definitions and standardized evaluations, limiting their practical application. Moreover, the influence of users' multi-behaviour transactions that are publicly accessible on NFT price is still not explored and exhibits challenges. In this paper, we address these gaps by presenting a practical and hierarchical problem definition. This approach unifies both collection-level and token-level task and evaluation methods, which cater to varied practical requirements of investors. To further understand the impact of user behaviours on the variation of NFT price, we propose a general wallet profiling framework and develop a COmmunity enhanced Multi-bEhavior Transaction graph model, named COMET. COMET profiles wallets with a comprehensive view and considers the impact of diverse relations and interactions within the NFT ecosystem on NFT price variations, thereby improving prediction performance. Extensive experiments conducted in our deployed system demonstrate the superiority of COMET, underscoring its potential in the insight toolkit for NFT investors.
This systematic literature review explores the role of smart contracts in improving data sharing for drug development, with an emphasis on security and transparency. Using blockchain technology, smart contracts offer a decentralized tracking mechanism for pharmaceutical supply chains, addressing challenges related to drug authentication and supply chain optimization. The review examined 52 studies using the PRISMA methodology, highlighting the automation of data exchange, reduced reliance on external parties, and acceleration of operational processes. Advanced encryption and strict access controls in smart contracts strengthen data security, ensuring patient confidentiality and compliance with medical data regulations. Despite technical and regulatory barriers, smart contracts promise significant improvements in operational efficiency, transparency, and collaboration among stakeholders in drug development. This study emphasizes the need for standardized protocols, further empirical research, and strategic implementation to fully leverage the potential of smart contracts in the pharmaceutical industry. Integration of these technologies can accelerate clinical trials and improve data reliability, thereby enhancing the safety and effectiveness of the drug development process.
The chapter begins by introducing the concept of virtual economies and their growing significance in the metaverse. It highlights the pivotal role played by cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, in transforming the landscape of virtual transactions. The benefits and challenges of using cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange in virtual worlds are discussed, alongside the disruptive potential of blockchain technology in enabling secure and decentralized transactions. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the integration of virtual currencies within online gaming platforms, where virtual economies have thrived. It explores the evolution of in-game currencies and the monetization models employed by game developers. The emergence of virtual marketplaces is also examined, wherein users can buy, sell, and trade digital assets. The significance of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in establishing ownership and uniqueness of digital assets is explored within this context. The real-world impact and economic significance of virtual economies are then analyzed. The chapter investigates how virtual economies have influenced various industries, including gaming, entertainment, and art. It delves into revenue generation and job creation within these virtual economies, showcasing their potential to disrupt traditional financial systems. The chapter also acknowledges the challenges and risks associated with virtual economies. Issues such as fraud and regulatory concerns are discussed, along with potential scalability and interoperability obstacles. Finally, the chapter concludes by summarizing key points and providing insights into future trends and developments in virtual economies. It emphasizes the transformative potential of these economies, offering a glimpse into the promising and complex future of the metaverse.
Abstract Distributed ledger technology (DLT) has become a vital technological tool for digital transformation worldwide. This chapter examines the regulation of DLT in the context of European capital markets law and its definition as a security. It examines whether DLT is already regulated as a security in the traditional sense and finds that the current legal situation is sufficient. However, a definition of DLT in the context of Article 4 MiFID II would be helpful. The chapter also analyses the forthcoming EU MiCA regulation and its impact on DLT in the context of securities regulation and its relationship to current securities legislation. It provides a brief comparative overview of various approaches to regulating DLT and shows that a technology-neutral approach is preferred, even if DLT has often inspired the formulation of a universal definition. It argues that the definition of DLT in a European Capital Markets code should be separated from the definition of traditional securities and should be open to new technologies. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the importance of developing a flexible and adaptable definition of DLT that can keep pace with rapidly evolving technologies.
This chapter examines the different types of ‘tokens’ DLT projects can create, including security tokens, exchange tokens and utility tokens. It reviews the current state of regulatory thinking about what has been called ‘the token economy’ - the digitisation of interests located in both the physical world and the metaphysical world of the distributed ledger. Many new investment offerings begin life through an ‘Initial Coin Offering’ (ICO), a form of public offering of digital tokens designed to raise capital funding for the investment or project in question. The chapter reviews when ICOs constitute securities and when they might fall outside the scope of financial services regulation.
Abstract This paper examines the efficiency of the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) market through a search-theoretical lens. Search intensity associated with the process of identifying valuable startups is increasing in market granularity. DLT increases market granularity because asset tokenization lowers entry barriers. Lower-end entrants, however, increase aggregate search intensity but may lack search skills. The resulting search-related inefficiency creates a niche for intermediaries or institutional investors that specialize on search. Consistent with the theory, specialized crypto funds increase ICO market efficiency by reducing search frictions, inter alia, by shortening the time-to-funding and increasing the funding amount. At the same time, crypto funds extract sizable economic rents for their intermediation services. Overall, the study relates to the general trade-off between centralization and decentralization in entrepreneurial finance. It suggests that market frictions specific to early-stage crowdfunding of entrepreneurship may prevent “perfectly” Decentralized Finance (DeFi) markets from functioning efficiently.
Abstract Amid the surge of intellectual property (IP) disputes surrounding non‐fungible tokens (NFTs), some scholars have advocated for the application of personal property or sales law to regulate NFT minting and transactions, contending that IP laws unduly hinder the development of the NFT market. This Article counters these proposals and argues that the existing IP system stands as the most suitable regulatory framework for governing the evolving NFT market. Compared to personal property or sales law, IP laws can more effectively address challenges such as tragedies of the commons and anticommons in the NFT market. NFT communities have also developed their own norms and licensing agreements upon existing IP laws to regulate shared resources. Moreover, the IP regimes, with both static and dynamic institutional designs, can effectively balance various policy concerns, such as innovation, fair competition, and consumer protection, which alternative proposals struggle to provide.
The intricate landscape of entrepreneurial finance, extending its focus beyond traditional bootstrapping methods. In an era characterized by diverse funding options, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the myriad strategies employed by entrepreneurs to finance their business ideas. The investigation encompasses an examination of established methods such as angel investment, venture capital, crowd funding, and traditional bank loans, as well as emerging trends in decentralized finance (DeFi) and other innovative financial models. The research adopts a multifaceted approach, considering regional variations, regulatory influences, and cultural dynamics shaping entrepreneurs' financing choices. Through extensive data collection and analysis, the study aims to discern the nuanced factors influencing the selection of specific financing avenues by entrepreneurs operating in various sectors and geographical locations. Furthermore, the research assesses the long-term implications of different financing strategies on business performance, sustainability, and growth. By exploring success factors in crowd funding campaigns, the study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of contemporary entrepreneurial finance, shedding light on the role of marketing, pitch quality, and social engagement in funding success. In addition to quantitative analysis, the research delves into qualitative aspects, investigating psychological factors that play a role in entrepreneurial decision-making. The study aims to uncover the intricate interplay of risk tolerance, overconfidence, and decision biases in the financing choices made by entrepreneurs. As technological innovation continues to reshape the entrepreneurial landscape, this research explores the impact of emerging technologies, including blockchain and decentralized finance, on funding models. By examining the opportunities and challenges presented by these innovations, the study provides a forward-looking perspective on the evolving nature of entrepreneurial finance. "Beyond Bootstrapping" strives to offer a holistic understanding of entrepreneurial finance in the contemporary business environment, providing stakeholders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs themselves with valuable insights into the diverse strategies shaping the financial foundation of innovative ventures.
Cristina Blanco González‐Tejero, Enrique Caño-Marín, Klaus Ulrich, Silvia Giralt Escobar
The progress in industrial and corporate blockchain technology, particularly the pioneering fintech financing methods rooted in blockchain like Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and Security Token Offerings (STOs), has the potential to disrupt across industries. These innovations offer creative solutions to address longstanding challenges. However, the novelty of these concepts has given rise to issues related to information asymmetry among investors, exacerbated by the opinions shared on social media platforms. To comprehensively analyse the trends of these technologies and their societal impact, as well as their influence on the contemporary business landscape, we conducted a study in the social platforms X (formerly known as Twitter) analysing 59,453 tweets using natural language processing (NLP). Through this research, we have identified key topics such as investment security or corporate challenges that provide valuable insights and structured information essential for industry stakeholders. In summary, this study explores the dynamic interplay between blockchain technology, ICOs, STOs and social media in the industry. It sheds light on the sentiment and implications of the use of this technology and these emerging financial models, offering a nuanced understanding of their impact on the market. Thus, the idea that user opinions play a crucial role in influencing decisions is supported, and their impact can fluctuate depending on the changing dynamics of the market.
Smart contracts, as a type of contract technology on the blockchain, can effectively address many shortcomings of traditional contract systems in digital environments, including opaque contract execution, regulatory difficulties, and low dispute resolution efficiency, provide publishers with a more
With the rapid development of digital technology and blockchain technology, the application of digital assets in business models has become increasingly widespread. This paper analyzes the evolution and innovation of digital asset business models using movie derivatives to NFTs (non-fungible tokens) as an example. By studying movie derivatives and their traditional business models, this paper explores the role of digital transformation and NFT technology in reshaping their business models. The aim is to reveal the application of NFTs in movie derivatives and the resulting transformation of business models, analyzing the components, advantages, and challenges of NFT business models, and predicting their application prospects in various industries. The research indicates that NFT technology not only opens new commercial pathways for movie derivatives but also promotes business model innovation across the digital asset sector. Finally, the paper proposes future trends in digital asset and NFT business models and discusses their potential impact and business opportunities in the film industry.
Abeer Mirdad, Abdulaziz Khan, Farookh Khadeer Hussain
Blockchain technology has recently been used to provide a secure storage environment through a distributed ledger. Blockchain has increasingly been used in other sectors such as real estate and supply chains, where trust and transparency are paramount considerations. In the pharmaceutical industry, for operational efficiencies, information must be shared reliably between the various stakeholders. A significant limitation in the existing literature is the lack of work to address niche problems such as the just-in-time disposal of drugs that are close to expiry. To address this gap, we propose using blockchain technology. The architectural underpinning of the proposed system (PharmaBlock) is presented and discussed. The primary contribution of this paper is the use of an early warning system (EWS) coupled with marketplace to intelligently identify and dispose of near-expiry drugs. The EWS and marketplace are evaluated and benchmarked using an experimental setup. The result of this experimental has shown that over 90% of notifications were sent correctly and shown also more than 92% of the optimal prices were predicted correctly in PharmaBlock.