Blockchain Papers

Shengwei You, Kristina Radivojevic, Jarek Nabrzyski, Paul Brenner

No abstract is available for this record.

Mary C. Lacity, Sebastian Schuetz, Le Kuai, Zachary R. Steelman

Trust is one of the most important constructs for understanding the adoption of information technologies (IT). In this paper, we review and analyze two literatures on the construct of human trust in IT artifacts and in the entities that source, operate, and govern IT. The first literature review focuses on defining of the construct of trust across a range of disciplines. Our analysis of this literature identified 13 assumptions about the nature of trust. The assumptions illustrate the complexities of human trust. The second literature review focused on 214 empirical studies of the construct of trust published in the AIS Senior Scholars’ Basket of Eight journals. We analyze this literature to identify IS scholar’s most common assessments of trust from qualitative studies and most common measures of trust from quantitative studies. As a cumulative body of knowledge, IS scholars have deeply examined the multidimensional aspect of trust by examining different types of trust, including affective trust, cognitive trust, institutional trust, instrumental trust, intrinsic trust, knowledge-based trust, relational trust, swift trust, disposition to trust, trusting beliefs, and more. IS scholars have also extensively examined the assumption that trust is dynamic, as evidenced by the many qualitative papers that examined trust as a process. Our review also finds that IS scholars have conducted extensive research examining trust in Web2 technologies, which are characterized by centralized applications and centralized governance. While the IS scholarly community has established a substantial tradition around the construct of trust, there is still interesting work to be done. With recent releases of open generative AI and with the rise of Web3 technologies like blockchains that purport to be “trustless,” the construct of trust in IT needs to be re-examined in these emerging contexts. We also encourage more research on trust in bi-directional relationships, on the limits of transitive trust, and on the construct of distrust.

Dr S P Singh

Trustless marketplaces are emerging as a revolutionary paradigm in digital commerce, eliminating the need for intermediaries by leveraging blockchain’s decentralized consensus and artificial intelligence’s autonomous decision-making capabilities. Traditional marketplaces—whether online retail platforms, service exchanges, or financial intermediaries—rely heavily on central authorities for transaction validation, dispute resolution, and trust enforcement. However, this reliance introduces challenges including high transaction fees, fraud risk, censorship, lack of transparency, and systemic single points of failure. Integrating blockchain and AI offers a robust solution: blockchain ensures immutable, auditable, and tamper-proof transaction records, while AI enhances scalability, efficiency, personalization, fraud detection, and predictive analytics. Together, they enable trustless marketplaces where buyers and sellers interact securely, transparently, and autonomously without centralized control. This manuscript explores the foundations, evolution, and technological frameworks underpinning trustless marketplaces. The literature review situates blockchain-enabled trust models, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), and AI-driven autonomous negotiation systems within the broader field of digital commerce. The methodology includes both conceptual modeling and a statistical analysis of 200 blockchain marketplace case studies, identifying transaction efficiency, cost reduction, fraud minimization, and compliance alignment as primary performance indicators. Results reveal that trustless AI-blockchain marketplaces reduce average transaction fees by 65%, fraud attempts by 52%, and settlement times by over 80% when compared to traditional centralized platforms. The paper concludes by positioning trustless marketplaces as a cornerstone for Web3 economies, cross-border trade, gig work ecosystems, digital asset exchange, and DeFi-driven commerce. While significant benefits exist, adoption challenges include regulatory uncertainty, interoperability gaps, computational overhead, and ethical AI governance concerns. The study proposes future research into hybrid consensus models, explainable AI integration, and compliance-aware trustless protocols to ensure scalable, human-centric adoption.

Nyothiri Aung, Sahraoui Dhelim, Huansheng Ning, Abdelaziz Kerrache · 7 authors

The convergence of Web3, Metaverse, and Digital Twins technologies is bringing a transformative revolution to Cyber-Physical-Social systems. Web3, which is driven by blockchain and decentralization, allows users to have control over their data and digital assets. Meanwhile, the Metaverse is creating a virtual space where people can interact, work, and live together. Digital twins offer a real-time digital representation of physical objects or spaces. When these three concepts intersect, they create a dynamic and interconnected digital ecosystem where the physical and virtual worlds blend seamlessly. This paper focuses on discussing the convergence of Metaverse, Web3 technologies, and Digital Twin. We will focus on the architecture of a Web3-enabled Metaverse, which leverages the decentralized nature of Web3 to offer a distributed Metaverse. The digital twin technology will realize a Cyber-Physical-Social data binding that enables the seamless mapping of physical and social activities into cyberspace. Finally, we will discuss the challenges of a Web3-enabled Metaverse, such as security, privacy, interoperability, and ethical concerns.

Stefan Vieweg

No abstract is available for this record.

Mustafa El .., Aaras Y. Kraidi

The era of independent, secure, and scalable networks and applications that Web3.0 promised has arrived. The resilience and reliability of the network are directly tied to the architecture of the consensus mechanisms used in this context. In the paper Crafting resilient consensus mechanisms for the Web3.0 network through edge intelligence, the authors describe a novel approach to strengthening consensus protocols by leveraging edge computing and artificial intelligence. The primary purpose of this project is to improve Web 3.0 security by implementing consensus methods based on edge intelligence. The goal of this attempt is to reduce the inefficiencies, scalability challenges, and environmental concerns associated with more conventional approaches such as proof-of-work and proof-of-stake. The proposed method combines real-time network research with local transaction verification. This eventually leads to more scalable, secure, and effective consensus procedures, which increases the resilience and greatly decreases the cost of Web3.0 networks.The proposed method recognizes the inefficiencies, lack of scalability, and environmental unfriendliness of standard consensus procedures like the Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus processes. This approach makes use of edge intelligence in real time to assess the state of the network and make appropriate adjustments in response. What emerges is a consensus process that is greener, more scalable, and more successful overall. In addition, we provide the local transaction verification (LTV) technique, which allows edge nodes to validate transactions locally, therefore reducing latency and maximizing transaction efficiency. Our findings demonstrate how edge intelligence might improve Web3.0 consensus processes. Extensive simulations and tests show that the suggested approaches outperform conventional consensus mechanisms in terms of efficiency, security, and scalability. Cost reductions for Web3.0 network operators are also emphasized to emphasize the value of our strategy. Consensus procedures for Web3.0 networks that include edge intelligence provide a viable path toward attaining the required resilience, efficiency, and scalability. This study lays the way for a new age of distributed systems, guaranteeing the resiliency and flexibility essential to the success of Web3.0

Chenyuan Wu

The rapid rise of blockchains and “Web3” has sparked significant interest in designing and implementing distributed systems for untrusted environments. However, due to their rigid one-size-fits-all design, current systems fail to adapt to dynamic workloads, new hardware setup, and different user intentions. To address this problem, we examine the systems stack in a top-down layered manner, from transaction management, Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus to their underlying infrastructure. We propose i) AdaChain, the first learned system that adaptively manages blockchain transactions, ii) BFTBrain, a multi-protocol BFT consensus engine that dynamically adjusts itself using reinforcement learning, and iii) FlexChain, a flexible disaggregated infrastructure tailored for permissioned blockchains. AdaChain addresses the challenge in transaction execution under dynamic workloads. As a system driven by reinforcement learning, AdaChain adaptively selects the optimal transactional architecture for dynamic workloads, maximizing throughput. AdaChain securely switches architectures at runtime when a better option is identified. Experiments show AdaChain quickly converges to optimal setups, significantly outperforming fixed architectures in committed transactions with minimal overhead. BFTBrain is a practical reinforcement learning based BFT consensus that provides significant operational benefits: a plug-and-play system suitable for a broad set of hardware and network configurations, and adjusts effectively in real-time to changing fault scenarios and workloads. BFTBrain’s key innovations include systematic performance modeling to guide protocol selection and decentralized learning resilient to adversarial data pollution. As a result, in addition to providing significant operational benefits, BFTBrain improves throughput over fixed protocols by 18% to 119% under dynamic conditions and outperforms state-of-the-art learning based approaches by 44% to 154%. FlexChain is a novel infrastructure layer for permissioned blockchains that physically disaggregates CPUs, DRAM, and storage devices to process different blockchain workloads efficiently. Disaggregation enables independent scaling of hardware resources, improving utilization and preventing fragmentation. Our evaluation results show that FlexChain can provide independent compute and memory scalability, while incurring at most 12.8% disaggregation overhead. FlexChain achieves almost identical throughput as the state-of-the-art distributed approaches with significantly lower memory and CPU consumption for compute-intensive and memory-intensive workloads respectively.

Ian Nazareth

The contemporary urban landscape delineates a departure from traditional descriptors and historic anchors, propelled by a confluence of pervasive distributed digital systems. The entanglement of the spatial internet, Web3, APIs, digital twins, real-time data, and analogous platform technologies is pivotal, enmeshing, and orchestrating interactions within urban domains. The influence of network technologies ripples across multifaceted dimensions, shaping navigation, mobility, and service provisioning. Recursive feedback mechanisms and algorithms such as ratings, reviews, suggestions, and recommendations collectively catalyse the attention economy and choice architectures through categorising individual preferences. It is an emergent landscape where the technological infrastructures permeate, not just as tools, but as mediums intertwining with the fabric of societal existence, cultural expression, and urban architecture. The 'Post-Cadastral' condition establishes and explores a domain of urban and architectural invention - a city's imminent escape from cadastral space, embracing virtual realms and digital ubiquity. It is concerned with the hyper-reality of virtual space as mooring of invisible cultural, economic, and societal forces. The domain of research operates at limits of material and spatial practice, integrating the physical, the virtual and holographic; and engaging with real-time, urban data analytics, simulation, gamification, techno-cultural discourse and narrative, AI, and generative techniques. The research explores the convergence of augmented urban infrastructures and services, delineating the interwoven threads of value generation (value capture), behavioural shifts, and performance metrics. It unpacks the emergent paradigm where cities, unleashed from historical cartographic constraints, traverse fluid territories shaped by the synergistic forces of digital evaluations and algorithmic orchestration. In this epochal shift, urban spaces transmute into arenas where cadastral limitations yield to an amorphous terrain of digital augmentation and evolving spatial imaginaries. This paper scrutinizes the intricate interplay of web-centric reviews, ratings, comments, and AI-driven algorithms that organise a departure from conventional urban spatiality - a city abstracted by search terms and contained in the comments sections and sorted by popularity. Delving into this labyrinth, it dissects the convergence of diverse valuation systems, nuanced behavioural patterns, and algorithmically mediated decision-making processes, illuminating the evolving dynamics within contemporary urban environments. Through projects, bespoke workflows, and methodologies, its objective resides in rendering discernible precise pathways wherein technological transitions become etched within the urban continuum, consequently integrated within the realms of architectural practice.

Eric R. Wagner, Marc Geiger

No abstract is available for this record.

Kelsie Nabben, Primavera De Filippi

No abstract is available for this record.

Tanishka Thombre

The IoT-Metaverse Nexus constitutes one of the very few fields capable of inducing a paradigmatic shift in the manner physical and virtual environments co-opt each other into creating immersive, intelligent, and interconnected digital-physical systems. IoT, emphasizing networks of embedded sensors and devices, acts as a conduit for real-time data, whereas the Metaverse provides spatially enhanced, persistent virtual worlds for enabling embodied digital experiences. This integration of the two domains might lead to never-before-imagined applications in smart cities, digital healthcare, industrial automation, and immersive education. Nonetheless, serious challenges confront the integration, including latency handling, semantic interoperability, data synchronization, infrastructural scalability, and security concerns. The article examines the fundamental technologies and architectures that form the basis of integrating the Metaverse and IoT, proposing a layered integration framework involving perception, network, middleware, application, and immersive layers. With digital twins, real-time synchronization becomes feasible and is maintained between physical assets and their virtual counterparts. The paper also presents a few emerging case studies in industrial and urban settings, outlining instances where immersive environments, enriched by real-world data, augment human decision-making and interaction. It further scrutinizes prospective avenues with the support of 6G networks, AI swift orchestration, and decentralized Web3 infrastructures for proposing scalable and secure IoT-Metaverse ecosystems. By laying out technical, ethical, and infrastructural concerns, this study seeks to frame a clearer picture of how these two fast-evolving paradigms can converge to reformulate digital interaction across many disciplines. The findings demonstrate a strong need to create an interdisciplinary research endeavor and standardization framework that will enable unleashed power of the dualized technological future

Ignat Bobrovich

No abstract is available for this record.

Young Won Park, Paul Hong

No abstract is available for this record.

Alexander Rees-Evans

Now that you’ve secured your job in crypto and are fully onboarded in Web3, it’s time to take things to the next level. Generally speaking, and regardless of the work industry, may that be traditional corporate or crypto, no employee wants to be stuck in the same job position forever. You may call that human nature or simply ambition, but whatever the label you put on it, it’s natural for your aspirations to grow as you evolve in the workspace. We see it very often in films or TV shows when a character has been made partner in a large law firm or is fighting for a promotion. The crypto industry is probably one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world as of now; hence, career growth is almost at the same pace. In just a couple of years, it is completely possible to become part of the C-suite if you play your cards right. Think of this entire industry as the old American dream. With a lot of hard work and dedication, you can make it to the top, just like what used to be possible in the corporate world of the United States. Now I’m not saying that the original American dream is dead, but it is far harder to accomplish the same growth and prosperity today than it was 50 years ago. The crypto realm is a simple reincarnation of that very essence. Low regulations with a heavily funded environment and a paroxysm of revolutionary start-ups from across the globe combined with a blank canvas create that same dynamic environment our ancestors were able to benefit from in the golden years. In order to take full advantage of this new American dream, there’s some strategic guidelines you can follow. That is why this very chapter is dedicated to doing just that!

Sofía Gaviria Grisales

En el contexto actual de la industria musical, en el cual el modelo de ingresos a través del streaming digital no favorece a artistas y agrupaciones emergentes, surge la Web3 como una oportunidad para plantear nuevas dinámicas de distribución, circulación y monetización de los contenidos, basadas en la tecnología blockchain. Entendiendo este contexto, el presente proyecto buscó plantear una serie de recomendaciones de uso de NFT en la industria musical, utilizando como entorno de exploración el caso del sello discográfico Bánfora Records, a través de la construcción de prototipos de NFT (Non fungible token) hasta alcanzar el nivel TRL 3/4 testeado con público a nivel de índices de adopción. Para alcanzar este resultado, se aplicaron durante el proceso diversas metodologías tanto cualitativas como de creación que permitieron abordar la problemática estudiada en tres fases: Onboarding, fase en la que la autora se adentra en el tema a través de la metodología de netnografía en donde exploró tres comunidades digitales relacionadas con los NFT, con el objetivo de entender sus lógicas de construcción de valor y formas de relacionamiento. La segunda fase Prototyping permitió avanzar en el reconocimiento de los requerimientos técnicos y formales de la producción de NFT para el caso de estudio Banfora Records, durante esta etapa se logró alcanzar el nivel TRL 3/4 testeado con público de dos colecciones de NFTs y música onchain apoyadas para su desarrollo por un estímulo público. Finalmente se abordó la tercera etapa del proyecto Advising sintetizando las conclusiones del proceso en una serie de recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo de productos NFT para la industria musical, así como consejos para su implementación y consumo. Después de este proceso se concluye que el NFT es una tecnología que se encuentra aún en un proceso de iteración continua, por lo que para desarrollar productos Web3 será necesario mantenerse actualizado día a día sobre los aspectos tecnológicos, legales, de experiencia de usuario, entre otros, que lo puedan afectar para aprovechar las oportunidades que ofrece, pero también ser consciente de los riesgos que se puedan presentar en su producción y puesta a disposición al público. También, se debe tener en cuenta que por el momento hay mucho desconocimiento por parte de la audiencia colombiana respecto a esta tecnología, de manera que, si se quiere llegar a un público más amplio, un lanzamiento en este campo debe ir acompañado de una labor pedagógica e informativa de largo alcance para lograr la adopción tecnológica de estos productos.

Omar Lajam

The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) has emerged in 2015 as a promising peerto-peer (P2P) distributed file-sharing system poised to become the backbone of Web3.However, its BitSwap protocol, responsible for block exchange, encounters redundancy issues when multiple peers respond with duplicate blocks.To address this limitation, we propose CodedBitSwap, an innovative network coding-based data exchange protocol that integrates Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) into BitSwap.Considering that RLNC operations incur additional computational overhead, the RLNC-based protocol is designed with careful attention to its computational complexity that is investigated through trial experiments guiding the selection of coding parameters and structures.To assess the feasibility and performance of CodedBitSwap, an experimental evaluation that compares it with BitSwap was conducted in different scenarios xv using a controlled testbed environment consisting of 11 nodes exchanging three files of different sizes.During file exchange, the amount of data transmitted, download time, and encoding and decoding times were measured for each node.The evaluation results demonstrate that CodedBitSwap effectively eliminates redundancy at a relatively low cost of increased download time.The introduced RLNC computational complexity was optimized by the generation-based design strategy that minimizes it, ensuring that the cost of the reduced redundancy remains relatively low.The undertaken design methodology of CodedBitSwap offers a practical approach for future systems, which balances the overhead of RLNC coding with the benefits it brings.This work contributes to the advancement of network coding in P2P networks and demonstrates its potential to improve the efficiency of IPFS, opening up avenues for future research.

Hikaru Tomita, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Alexander Rees-Evans

No matter your educational or professional background, every single job in Web3 requires very unique knowledge that you can only obtain from working in this industry for some time. Even if you pass the first interview with flying colors, you will still be confronted with some new barriers prior to securing your new, respective role, such as acronyms, industry jargon, Blockchain and crypto knowledge, tokenomics, and more. As we’ve seen, seldom is there just one simple, straightforward interview, just like any traditional company would have. Here, you may have a series of two, three, or even four interviews that can be in clusters with other candidates. During these interviews, you may even be asked to pass a live initial exam, utterly out of the blue! For those of you who excel in an academic environment, this can be quite a challenge, as no time for studying the particular subject beforehand will be granted. Concerning the more introverts of us, having to introduce yourself in front of ten complete strangers can be quite challenging, but on top of that, you may have to speak out in front of all participants to provide your answers. Regardless of your personality type or learning capacity, there’s always some preparation you can do beforehand to help provide you with a big head’s start compared to the other candidates!

Mikael Lindquist

No abstract is available for this record.

Siddharth Aiyar

No abstract is available for this record.

Alaa Abid Muslam Abid Ali, Mohamed Mabrouk

No abstract is available for this record.

Yoshiki Matsubara, Setsuya Kurahashi

No abstract is available for this record.

Muhammed Moshood

No abstract is available for this record.

Alexander Rees-Evans

In the final chapter of this book, and in your best interest, I decided to delve deep into some key, core factors of this industry that are far too often overlooked or brushed upon lightly. Sharing wisdom is the art of transferring knowledge and tips from a more experienced individual to a less experienced individual. Wisdom is one of the most important gifts anyone could wish for, regardless of the sector or role. With such a gift, you save time and energy and get things done right almost immediately in the most efficient of ways, thanks to the knowledge and tips shared with you. Without such backing, you have to learn the tricks of the trade and figure everything out by yourself. This entire book is designed to transfer as much industry wisdom as possible to you without having to leave your living room. One very interesting piece of wisdom here is that of how to conduct yourself in the Web3 space.