Teknologi blockchain telah menjadi fokus utama dalam pengembangan aplikasi web terdesentralisasi, membuka era baru dalam evolusi internet yang dikenal sebagai Web3. Di tengah perkembangan ini, perusahaan startup PT. Pintar Media Teknologi memperkenalkan aplikasi launchpad cryptocurrency yang mengandalkan teknologi blockchain untuk memberikan solusi terdesentralisasi dalam perdagangan aset crypto. Penulis mendapatkan kesempatan untuk melakukan penelitian pada PT. Pintar Media Teknologi untuk membangun aplikasi launchpad cryptocurrency. Metodologi pengembangan aplikasi blockchain yang diterapkan adalah metodologi Agile Scrum. Melalui analisis fitur-fitur yang dikembangkan, seperti perancangan Entity Relationship Diagram, desain basis data, hingga implementasi fitur-fitur utama seperti autentikasi menggunakan Web3, manajemen token, dan manajemen launchpad. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang praktik pengembangan aplikasi blockchain dan kontribusi penulis pada penelitian ini adalah merancang dan mengimplementasi sistem informasi launchpad cryptocurrency sesuai dengan kebutuhan para stakeholders sehingga dapat mempercepat proses pengembangan produk.
In the wake of blockchain and Web3 technological advancements, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as prominent digital assets within the realms of art, gaming, and virtual commodities. Unlike their traditional counterparts, NFT auctions harness the virtues of decentralization, transparency, and immutability, ushering in a new era for trading artworks and other digital assets. This paper embarks on an exploration, first laying down the foundational principles of blockchain technology and NFTs. A comparative analysis follows, juxtaposing the dynamics of NFT auctions with the modus operandi of traditional auctions. Within the theoretical scaffold, the nuances of decentralization and trust in NFT auctions are elucidated, spotlighting the pivotal role of smart contracts throughout the auction trajectory. The emphasis also gravitates towards transparency and security, two cornerstones ensuring the integrity of the auction process. Diving into the methodology, this section delineates the research blueprint and the techniques employed for program testing. Delving into the practicalities, the discourse meticulously unpacks the architecture and operability of the smart contract, gauging its efficacy through rigorous assessments. Beyond the present scope, the paper ventures to uncover potential applications and horizons awaiting NFT auctions across diverse sectors.
Michael Paul Kramer, Jochen Heussner, Jon Henrich Hanf
Abstract A recent publication reports that the number of active Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) in self-custodial wallets has grown exponentially in the past years across several industries. This study analyzed 65 token-based use cases in the wine sector. It was found that most current applications revolve around the downstream part of the supply chain. The research has also demonstrated that the various solutions involving fungible tokens and NFTs can be classified into three categories. Consequently, a taxonomy has been introduced. Furthermore, it was identified that digital tokens can solve current challenges in the wine industry related to provenance, proof of origin, authenticity, and fraud prevention. At the same time, the utilization of tokens enables an extended consumer interaction with the product. Managers potentially considering connecting their physical products and services with digital tokens can obtain insights towards their use in the web3 economy.
We present a Chain-of-Action (CoA) framework for multimodal and retrieval-augmented Question-Answering (QA). Compared to the literature, CoA overcomes two major challenges of current QA applications: (i) unfaithful hallucination that is inconsistent with real-time or domain facts and (ii) weak reasoning performance over compositional information. Our key contribution is a novel reasoning-retrieval mechanism that decomposes a complex question into a reasoning chain via systematic prompting and pre-designed actions. Methodologically, we propose three types of domain-adaptable `Plug-and-Play' actions for retrieving real-time information from heterogeneous sources. We also propose a multi-reference faith score (MRFS) to verify and resolve conflicts in the answers. Empirically, we exploit both public benchmarks and a Web3 case study to demonstrate the capability of CoA over other methods.
As we depend more and more on online platforms, keeping user login secure is a top priority. Traditional methods, which often store usernames and passwords on central servers, are increasingly at risk from cyberattacks like data breaches, phishing scams, and identity theft. To overcome these problems, this project suggests a decentralized login system based on block chain technology. Blockchain provides a secure and transparent record where login information are managed safely without a central authority. Smart contracts enable automated checks that are resistant to tampering and unauthorized access. Unlike standard systems, this approach eliminates the single point of failure by spreading data across a blockchain network, ensuring better uptime and security. Users have more control over their online identities because blockchain-based systems avoid storing cleartext passwords or sensitive information in one location. Integrating blockchain with crypto wallets, like MetaMask, further strengthens user login by enabling secure, key-based identity checks. This method not only boosts user confidence and privacy but also fits with the future of the decentralized web (Web3). This proposed solution shows how blockchain can transform login systems by providing a secure, scalable, and transparent alternative to traditional login processes.
Modern culture, which began to develop since the 18th century, became a catalyst for the growth of information technology systems, especially the internet, which has now reached the Web 3.0 or Web3 level. At this level, the internet becomes a decentralised space when users have complete autonomy and control over the data they share consensually. However, because it is a force steeped in exploitative and manipulative agendas, Web3 is potentially vulnerable to commodity fetishism and perhaps even a return to forms of domination through capital accumulation. As a result, elements in Web3 that were promoted as resistance to internet privatization have instead become opportunities for exploitative parties to accumulate wealth. This article delves deeper into how Web3 shows the tension between dominant currents and resistance to global multinational power systems. In this context, the authors use Antonio Negri’s perspective in Empire and Multitude to investigate the complex dynamics that occur. By understanding how Web3 interacts with dominant forces and their resistance, one can explore the potential and challenges faced in positioning the development of the internet towards a more inclusive and equitable realm.
Yizhong Liu, Boyu Zhao, Zedan Zhao, Jianwei Liu · 7 authors
Web3 is a revolutionary Internet paradigm that focusing decentralization, user empowerment, and intelligence. One of its key technologies is decentralized identity (DID), which has gained significant attention recently. However, existing DID solutions are not scalable enough to be compatible with the large-scale identity node applications required by Web3 across various fields. To overcome this challenge, we propose the first multi-layer Web3 DID architecture utilizing sharding blockchain, which provides management, scalability, and compatibility. This architecture leverages leader shards and the main chain to establish trust, while regular shards manage DID-related transactions. Specific system processes and query optimizations are also given. Besides, formal security analysis and comprehensive simulation evaluations have demonstrated that the architecture can achieve all proposed security and performance goals, including low latency of down to 2 seconds and high throughput of up to 90KTPS.
This paper presents, for the first time, the Mediterraneous protocol. It is designed to support the development of an Internet of digital services, owned by their creators, and consumed by users by presenting their decentralised digital identity and a proof of service purchase. Mediterraneous is Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) native, integrating the SSI model at the core of its working principles to overcome the limitations resulting from using pseudonyms and centralised access control of existing Web3 solutions.
The widespread availability of tools to collect and share spatial data enables us to produce a large amount of geographic information on a daily basis. This enormous production of spatial data requires scalable data management systems. Geospatial architectures have changed from clusters to cloud architectures and more parallel and distributed processing platforms to be able to tackle these challenges. Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems as a backbone of distributed systems have been established in several application areas such as web3, blockchains, and crypto-currencies. Unlike centralized systems, data storage in P2P networks is distributed across network nodes, providing scalability and no single point of failure. However, managing and processing queries on these networks has always been challenging. In this work, we propose a spatio-temporal indexing data structure, DSTree. DSTree does not require additional Distributed Hash Trees (DHTs) to perform multi-dimensional range queries. Inserting a piece of new geographic information updates only a portion of the tree structure and does not impact the entire graph of the data. For example, for time-series data, such as storing sensor data, the DSTree performs around 40% faster in spatio-temporal queries for small and medium datasets. Despite the advantages of our proposed framework, challenges such as 20% slower insertion speed or semantic query capabilities remain. We conclude that more significant research effort from GIScience and related fields in developing decentralized applications is needed. The need for the standardization of different geographic information when sharing data on the IPFS network is one of the requirements.
In 2021, the first year of Metaverse, Web3.0 ecosystems emerged as a result of the Internet's de-centralized evolution. In the Web3.0 space, there has been a very active advancement of the generative art non-fungible token, which is a special asset stored on a blockchain that allows creators to buy and sell assets and verify ownership. In other words, as it reconstructs the interpersonal relationship, the generative art non-fungible token must carry cultural values to be meaningful, and waiting to observe artificial intelligence generative art in the future requires a new mindset and posture. Design thinking is a design-based approach to solve today's complex problems. This study thus addresses the new Web3.0 ecosystem and introduces environmental sustain ability issues and computational thinking in the form of generative art to discuss the possibilities of future design thinking. By linking with social information, this study also creates an intersection with heterogeneous knowledge and stimulates a new thinking pattern that is different from previous ones. This project of design and research in the Metaverse virtual environment is still a novel topic. Reviewing past literature indicates that relevant papers are very scarce, and more resources are urgently needed for research in this field.
The term “web3 development” refers to the practice of creating and building applications, platforms, and technologies that are designed to operate on the decentralized web, also known as web 3. This new paradigm of web development aims to leverage blockchain technology, decentralized networks, and cryptographic protocols to enable greater user control, privacy, and security. Web 3 development refers to the systematic creation of applications, platforms, and decentralized systems that leverage blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies, and decentralized networks. This procedure additionally involves implementing these applications and platforms. This chapter discusses the web 3 development importance and the driving forces behind web 3 development.
In an age characterized by the breakneck advancement of financial technology, decentralized platforms for trading cryptocurrencies are surfacing as a revolutionary influence, granting individuals empowerment and reshaping our interaction with digital assets. These innovative platforms employ blockchain technology to enable peer-to-peer trading of digital assets, marking a significant shift in the landscape of cryptocurrency trading. They represent the pinnacle of innovation with a digital wallet and transaction platform, meticulously crafted upon the bedrock of blockchain technology. Decentralization, the guiding principle of this ecosystem, grants users with unparalleled autonomy by removing control from intermediaries. Cryptography, the safeguard of secrets, guarantees transactions with unwavering security, safeguarding assets from intrusive eyes. The application incorporates consensus algorithms and dedicated security, strengthened not by central authorities but by the combined integrity of the community. This ensures that trust becomes an indisputable currency within the network, with the immutability of transactions embedded in the blockchain’s indelible ledger. Our Decentralized Cryptocurrency Trading Application stands out for its user-friendly interface, robust security, seamless integration with popular cryptocurrencies, better analysis and results, making it a superior choice compared to others in the market. In this groundbreaking endeavor, we choreograph the development of intelligent contracts comprising Factory, Router, and Liquidity components, seamlessly facilitating order placement, precise matching, and secure fund transfers. Our journey involves the coherent integration of MetaMask and Alchemy for user wallet interactions and blockchain data access. This is complemented by both front-end and back-end expertise, resulting in a user-friendly trading interface enhanced by the capabilities of Web3.js. The establishment of tailor-made ERC20 tokens forms the centerpiece of our trading ecosystem, supported by an unwavering commitment to security through meticulous smart contract audits, reinforced front-end protections, and vigilant safeguards for user data. Index Terms—decentralized, security, assets, blockchain, MetaMask, wallet, transaction.
The blockchain technology can become a solution in data privacy and protection, being considered a public and decentralized database, in which the identity of a user is masked in the form of an address. Based on this technology, several decentralized protocols such as Bitcoin or Ethereum have been created, with the help of which decentralized applications can be created. In this article, we examine how these technologies can be used to ensure the transparency of a software application, but also the privacy and protection of user data. Other facilities like Non-Fungible Token - NFT and Smart Contract are used. The paper proposes the design and the implementation (including the source code) of a web platform for education / courses incorporating blockchain technology. The results and conclusions are showed. Finally, the contributions of the paper, the limitations and future works are also highlighted.
The digital landscape is poised for a transformative shift with the advent of Web3. This dynamic and ever-evolving realm provides a comprehensive overview of the chapter, offering insights into the trends shaping the internet's future. Web3 represents a paradigm shift in how society interacts with the digital world, characterized by decentralization, blockchain technology, and user empowerment. This chapter explores the emerging trends that are set to define the Web3 ecosystem in the coming years. The future of Web3 is crucial to understanding the trends and predictions that will shape our digital world. This chapter equips individuals and organizations with valuable insights to anticipate and harness the unfolding transformations in our digital future.
S. Bangaru Kamatchi, Prem Pavan Channa, Gudelli Pavan Sai
The music industry has experienced significant growth, primarily driven by digital streaming services. However, major platforms have centralized control, limiting artists’ autonomy and revenue. To address this, the emergence of Music NFT marketplaces represents a revolutionary shift. These platforms leverage blockchain to tokenize music, turning it into unique, tradable assets through NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens). This allows artists to have direct interactions with fans, offer exclusive content, and establish new revenue streams. Music NFTs serve as certificates of ownership, providing proof of authenticity and making forgery challenging. Artists can choose platforms, mint and sell NFTs, and promote drops on preferred social media. Buyers acquire the original audio file and the chance to support artists. NFT owners can store collections in crypto wallets and decide to sell, with artists earning a share of subsequent sales. Music NFTs offer an alternative to streaming, providing fans a direct means to support artists, while artists strengthen connections with supporters and earn royalties from secondary sales.
Anirudh RH, V Darshan, Kohav Dey, S Phaneesh · 5 authors
The decentralized internet, often termed as Web3, is envisioned as the future of the online world. It holds the promise of addressing the centralization and censorship issues prevalent in today’s web landscape. Yet, a significant hurdle faced by Web3 is its reliance on centralized servers provided by major entities like AWS and Azure. The vulnerability of this reliance becomes apparent when these servers encounter downtime or other disruptions, potentially causing widespread issues. This paper focuses on the crucial necessity of decentralizing Web3’s infrastructure to bolster its resilience against such outages. To accomplish this objective, we introduce an innovative RPC (Remote Procedure Call) relay protocol tailored specifically for Web3. This protocol not only caters to the requirements of Network as a Service (NaaS) platforms but also introduces incentives to motivate network nodes to function as relays. Our research and development efforts focus on two fundamental aspects: first, the technical implementation of the RPC relay protocol, and second, the incentivization mechanisms that reward network nodes for participating as relays. By enabling a more decentralized and robust infrastructure, we aim to enhance the reliability and stability of Web3 services.
Virtual pet ownership has witnessed significant advancements with the emergence of blockchain and Web3 technology. This research paper delves into the transformative impact of integrating blockchain in virtual pet platforms, focusing on the case study of Meta-Pet. Through a comprehensive literature review and critical analysis of 17 relevant papers, this study examines the potential of decentralized technology in redefining ownership, care, and trading mechanisms for digital pets. The methodology involves a detailed exploration of the implementation process, followed by a thorough analysis of the implications and challenges associated with the adoption of blockchain and Web3 in the Meta-Pet platform. The findings underscore the enhanced user engagement and the potential for fostering trust and transparency in virtual pet communities. The research highlights the significance of this integration and provides insights into the future-prospects of blockchain and Web3 in the virtual pet landscape.
Blockchain technology in education offers immutable records of academic achievements, ensuring secure storage and verification of credentials. It enables transparent, decentralized systems for certification, fostering trust, eliminating fraud, and providing individuals with greater control over their educational data and achievements. Additionally, blockchain facilitates efficient and instant verification of qualifications, streamlining processes for educational institutions, employers, and learners. The current research explores the transformation of non-fungible items into Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and their significance in authentication and verification within the blockchain realm. Addressing the limitations of traditional certificates, NFT certificates leverage blockchain technology to ensure trust, ownership proof, and enhanced transferability. The study extensively discusses the ERC721 standard for NFT implementation, the OpenZeppelin library for smart contract security, and tools like Hardhat, Alchemy, Pinata Cloud, and web3.js in NFT creation and deployment. The research demonstrates the practical implementation of NFT token minting, ownership verification, and transfer operations through smart contracts on different networks, highlighting the significance of NFTs in ensuring secure and transparent ownership in the digital landscape.
If you are a true techno-enthusiast, you must have heard news like Dubai becoming the World’s first blockchain-powered government, news about Telangana government’s decision to set up India’s first blockchain district in Hyderabad, also, news about Jharkhand becoming the first state in the nation to distribute seeds utilizing the blockchain technology and many more. Recently, we have witnessed how a variety of transactions are enforced autonomously without any intermediary in between. The remarkable use of Blockchain technology in cryptocurrency or digital currency was just the beginning. This technology has transformed the way we ensure corporate governance and security. This disruptive technology has great potential to change business models to enhance security. Such innovation that promotes the existence of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with the required decision-making, regulatory, accountability and incentive framework looks so fascinating. You cannot deny the fact that these decentralized ledger records, smart contracts to automate the processes and continuous auditing procedures can control system manipulations to a great extent. This technology can provide the necessary foundation and infrastructure needed for the Web3 iteration of the World Wide Web (WWW). Let’s understand how Web3 and blockchain together may help minimize the power and control of Big Tech giants by providing more transparent and distributed sharing options. The present research study highlights the tremendous potential that blockchain technology has in solving day to day issues that are encountered in governance. It tries to address the root causes behind it rather than controlling them superficially. This technology, surely, helps organizations and the government in controlling the scope of manipulations in the system.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet of Things and AI
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Oleksandr Kuznetsov, Dzianis Kanonik, Alex Rusnak, Anton Yezhov · 6 authors
The scalability of blockchain technology remains a pivotal challenge, impeding its widespread adoption across various sectors. This study introduces an innovative approach to address this challenge by proposing the adaptive restructuring of Merkle and Verkle trees, fundamental components of blockchain architecture responsible for ensuring data integrity and facilitating efficient verification processes. Unlike traditional static tree structures, our adaptive model dynamically adjusts the configuration of these trees based on usage patterns, significantly reducing the average path length required for verification and, consequently, the computational overhead associated with these processes. Through a comprehensive conceptual framework, we delineate the methodology for adaptive restructuring, encompassing both binary and non-binary tree configurations. This framework is validated through a series of detailed examples, demonstrating the practical feasibility and the efficiency gains achievable with our approach. Moreover, we present a comparative analysis with existing scalability solutions, highlighting the unique advantages of adaptive restructuring in terms of simplicity, security, and efficiency enhancement without introducing additional complexities or dependencies. This study's implications extend beyond theoretical advancements, offering a scalable, secure, and efficient method for blockchain data verification that could facilitate broader adoption of blockchain technology in finance, supply chain management, and beyond. As the blockchain ecosystem continues to evolve, the principles and methodologies outlined herein are poised to contribute significantly to its growth and maturity.
Andreea Raluca Duguleană, Cristina Tănăsescu, Mihai Duguleană
This research aims to establish the primary drivers influencing the development and consumers’ decision-making process in web3 games—decentralized games that function according to the play-to-earn paradigm. We observe several types of micro-economies developed within five play-to-earn games and highlight four roles consumers play at any given time. Our study offers a different perspective on rational consumer behaviour in cryptocurrency-based games and paves the way to better understanding their dynamics and evolution. Results shed light on the construction of in-game economies and how individuals of a given type engage in different playing activities. Furthermore, we compare the key features of web3 games with those similar to classic online games and assess if the play-and-earn implementations represent an evolution from previous revenue models. Using our proposed methodology, researchers can compare and classify any P2E games. We conclude by establishing a set of actions that enable consumers to benefit from this new phenomenon.
Koteswara Rao Kodepogu, Mudigonda Dharmateja, J. M. S. V. Ravi Kumar, Muraboina Hari Pavan Gopi Krishna · 5 authors
In this exploration, our paper delves into the intricate implementation of robust authentication and transaction management within educational blockchain systems.Our project showcases a commitment to privacy and integrity, safeguarding interactions through advanced cryptographic techniques.The multifaceted capabilities of blockchain technology are showcased through the seamless maintenance of student records, the facilitation of secure voting processes, and the optimization of token transfers, collectively contributing to an ecosystem characterized by enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency.Our study uncovers insights into blockchain's transformative potential in education, redefining paradigms by introducing security measures and transparency to student-admin interactions.We highlight the successful implementation of blockchainbased authentication and transaction management systems, leading to enhanced educational processes.Additionally, we briefly outline our research design and methodology, emphasizing the rigorous approach to exploring blockchain applications.