The rise of Web3 social ecosystems signifies the dawn of a new chapter in digital interaction, offering significant prospects for user engagement and financial advancement. Nonetheless, this progress is shadowed by potential privacy concessions, especially as these platforms frequently merge with existing Web2.0 social media accounts, amplifying data privacy risks for users. In this study, we investigate the nuanced dynamics between user engagement on Web3 social platforms and the consequent privacy concerns. We scrutinize the widespread phenomenon of fabricated activities, which encompasses the establishment of bogus accounts aimed at mimicking popularity and the deliberate distortion of social interactions by some individuals to gain financial rewards. Such deceptive maneuvers not only distort the true measure of the active user base but also amplify privacy threats for all members of the user community. We also find that, notwithstanding their attempts to limit social exposure, users remain entangled in privacy vulnerabilities. The actions of those highly engaged users, albeit often a minority group, can inadvertently breach the privacy of the larger collective. By casting light on the delicate interplay between user engagement, financial motives, and privacy issues, we offer a comprehensive examination of the intrinsic challenges and hazards present in the Web3 social milieu. We highlight the urgent need for more stringent privacy measures and ethical protocols to navigate the complex web of social exchanges and financial ambitions in the rapidly evolving Web3.
Melanie Swan, takashi kido, Eric Roland, Renato P. dos Santos
Health Agents are introduced as personalized AI health advisors for “healthcare by app” instead of “sickcare by appointment,” especially to target Healthy Longevity as a global wellness priority with two billion people estimated to be over 65 in 2050. Health Agents could allow physicians to oversee thousands of patients simultaneously, addressing the 50% of the world's population still not covered by essential health services. As AI Health Interfaces shift to continuous health monitoring (1000x/minute) with medical-grade smart-watches, pins, and wearables, individuals can customize the level of information viewed. As any genAI agent system, Health Agents “speak” natural language to humans and formal language (as Math Agents) to the computational infrastructure, possibly outputting the mathematics of personalized homeostatic health as part of their reinforcement learning agent behavior. Health Agents could deliver precision medicine as a service. Longevity may be achieved 80% with sleep, diet, exercise, and stress reduction, and 20% by medical intervention (metformin, rapamycin, NAD+/sirtuins, alpha-ketoglutarate, taurine), measured quantitatively with aging clocks, biomarkers, and hallmarks. Health Agents are a web3 genAI tool for automated health management, via Personalized Aging Clocks, digital-biological twins, and pathway2vec approaches, for human-AI intelligence amplification towards healthy longevity for global well-being.
The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) has recently gained considerable attention. While prior research has focused on understanding its performance characterization and application support, it remains unclear: (1) what kind of files/content are stored in IPFS, (2) who are providing these files, (3) are these files always accessible, and (4) what affects the file access performance. To answer these questions, in this paper, we perform measurement and analysis on over 4 million files associated with CIDs (content IDs) that appeared in publicly available IPFS datasets. Our results reveal the following key findings: (1) Mixed file accessibility: while IPFS is not designed for a permanent storage, accessing a non-trivial portion of files, such as those of NFTs and video streams, often requires multiple retrieval attempts, potentially blocking NFT transactions and negatively affecting the user experience. (2) Dominance of NFT (non-fungible token) and video files: about 50% of stored files are NFT-related, followed by a large portion of video files, among which about half are pirated movies and adult content. (3) Centralization of content providers: a small number of peers (top-50), mostly cloud nodes hosted by tech companies, serve a large portion (95%) of files, deviating from IPFS's intended design goal. (4) High variation of downloading throughput and lookup time: large file retrievals experience lower average throughput due to more overhead for resolving file chunk CIDs, and looking up files hosted by non-cloud nodes takes longer. We hope that our findings can offer valuable insights for (1) IPFS application developers to take into consideration these characteristics when building applications on top of IPFS, and (2) IPFS system developers to improve IPFS and similar systems to be developed for Web3.
Melanie Swan, Takashi Kido, Eric Roland, Renato P. dos Santos
Health Agents are introduced as the concept of a personalized AI health advisor overlay for continuous health monitoring (e.g. 1000x/minute) medical-grade smartwatches and wearables for “healthcare by app” instead of “sickcare by appointment.” Individuals can customize the level of detail in the information they view. Health Agents “speak” natural language to humans and formal language to the computational infrastructure, possibly outputting the mathematics of personalized homeostatic health as part of their reinforcement learning agent behavior. As an AI health interface, the agent facilitates the management of precision medicine as a service. Healthy longevity is a high-profile area characterized by the increasing acceptance of medical intervention, longevity biotech venture capital investment, and global priority as 2 billion people will be over 65 in 2050. Aging hallmarks, biomarkers, and clocks provide a quantitative measure for intervention. Some of the leading interventions include metformin, rapamycin, spermidine, NAD+/sirtuins, alpha-ketoglutarate, and taurine. AI-driven digital biology, longevity medicine, and Web3 personalized healthcare come together in the idea of Health Agents. This Web3 genAI tool for automated health management, specifically via digital-biological twins and pathway2vec approaches, demonstrates human-AI intelligence amplification and works towards healthy longevity for global well-being.
This study proposes a framework to enhance privacy in Blockchain-based Internet of Things (BIoT) systems used in the healthcare sector. The framework addresses the challenge of leveraging health data for analytics while protecting patient privacy. To achieve this, the study integrates Differential Privacy (DP) with Federated Learning (FL) to protect sensitive health data collected by IoT nodes. The proposed framework utilizes dynamic personalization and adaptive noise distribution strategies to balance privacy and data utility. Additionally, blockchain technology ensures secure and transparent aggregation and storage of model updates. Experimental results on the SVHN dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves strong privacy guarantees against various attack scenarios while maintaining high accuracy in health analytics tasks. For 15 rounds of federated learning with an epsilon value of 8.0, the model obtains an accuracy of 64.50%. The blockchain integration, utilizing Ethereum, Ganache, Web3.py, and IPFS, exhibits an average transaction latency of around 6 seconds and consistent gas consumption across rounds, validating the practicality and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan "NFT Pack" dalam ekosistem game Web3 di blockchain Solana dengan menggunakan teknologi State Compression untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keamanan transaksi NFT. Melalui integrasi paket NFT yang mendukung lebih dari satu NFT, penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan inovasi baru bagi pemain game Web3. Dengan penerapan State Compression, biaya transaksi dapat dikurangi dan efisiensi penyimpanan data ditingkatkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi NFT Pack dengan State Compression berhasil, dengan smart contract yang memfasilitasi pembelian, penjualan, dan interaksi NFT dalam paket. Pengujian menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap biaya transaksi dan efisiensi tanpa mengurangi keamanan system yang ada sebelumnya. Kesimpulan menghasilkan bahwa studi kasus NFT Pack berhasil dan terbukti aman, serta menyoroti potensi besar implementasi ini dalam meningkatkan efisiensi transaksi dan pengalaman pengguna di ekosistem game Web3. Penggunaan State Compression pada Compressed NFT menghasilkan penghematan biaya yang signifikan kurang lebih 95,3% dibandingkan NFT biasa dan potensi skalabilitas lebih tinggi. Saran untuk penelitian mendatang meliputi penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai keamanan dan skalabilitas, serta pengembangan fitur inovatif untuk meningkatkan interaksi pengguna dengan NFT. Kata Kunci— Blockchain, Non-Fungible Token, Smart Contract, Solana, Compressed NFT.
The advent of Web3 technologies promises unprecedented levels of user control and autonomy. However, this decentralization shifts the burden of security onto the users, making it crucial to understand their security behaviors and perceptions. To address this, our study introduces a comprehensive framework that identifies four core components of user interaction within the Web3 ecosystem: blockchain infrastructures, Web3-based Decentralized Applications (DApps), online communities, and off-chain cryptocurrency platforms. We delve into the security concerns perceived by users in each of these components and analyze the mitigation strategies they employ, ranging from risk assessment and aversion to diversification and acceptance. We further discuss the landscape of both technical and human-induced security risks in the Web3 ecosystem, identify the unique security differences between Web2 and Web3, and highlight key challenges that render users vulnerable, to provide implications for security design in Web3.
Litao Ye, Bin Chen, Shrivastava Shivanshu, Chen Sun · 7 authors
Centralized Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) faces challenges like data security, high management costs, and limited scalability. To address these issues, a blockchain-based DSS scheme has been proposed in this paper. First, we utilize the ERC4907 standard to mint Non-Fungible Spectrum Tokens (NFSTs) that serve as unique identifiers for spectrum resources and facilitate renting. Next, we develop a smart contract for NFST auctions, ensuring secure spectrum transactions through the auction process. Lastly, we create a Web3 spectrum auction platform where users can access idle spectrum data and participate in auctions for NFST leases corresponding to the available spectrum. Experimental results demonstrate that our NFST, designed according to the ERC4907 standard, effectively meets users' secure and efficient DSS requirements, making it a feasible solution.
Web3 needs complex semantic frameworks to update, validate, and regulate data across decentralized networks as it grows. The whole semantic system of this study includes SV, SC, DOC, ISV, and SG. The Semantic Validation technique performs parametric validation, scoring, and threshold comparison to safeguard data integrity, whereas the Semantic Agreement algorithm combines meanings by adding agreement values. Decentralized ontologies are improved using Distributed Ontology Construction to accommodate new meaning linkages. connected Semantic Verification detects semantic meaning compatibility across linked networks. Lastly, meaning Governance enables individuals to decide on recommended meaning modifications without centralization. Comparative analysis examines the framework. Tables and illustrations indicate its dominance over key aspects. The recommended strategy generally outperforms Web3 evolution methods in security, scale, interoperability, user privacy, and government effectiveness. Visualizing the process with pie charts, layered analysis, and temporal trends shows its efficacy. This semantic framework's consistency, correctness, and flexibility are key responses to Web3's changes. The framework's continual refinement methods can shape Web3 Internet semantics as open networks change. This semantic framework helps establish a decentralized and connected Internet as bitcoin and Web3 technologies progress. It also allows Web3-aligned semantic development.
Cryptocurrencies, while revolutionary, have become a magnet for malicious actors. With numerous reports underscoring cyberattacks and scams in this domain, our paper takes the lead in characterizing visual scams associated with cryptocurrency wallets---a fundamental component of Web3. Specifically, scammers capitalize on the omission of vital wallet interface details, such as token symbols, wallet addresses, and smart contract function names, to mislead users, potentially resulting in unintended financial losses. Analyzing Ethereum blockchain transactions from July 2022 to June 2023, we uncovered a total of 24,901,115 visual scam incidents, which include 3,585,493 counterfeit token attacks, 21,281,749 zero-transfer attacks, and 33,873 function name attacks, orchestrated by 6,768 distinct attackers. Shockingly, over 28,414 victims fell prey to these scams, with losses surpassing 27 million USD. This alarming data underscores the pressing need for robust protective measures. By profiling the typical victims and attackers, we are able to propose mitigation strategies informed by our findings.
As Web3 projects leverage airdrops to incentivize participation, airdrop hunters tactically amass wallet addresses to capitalize on token giveaways. This poses challenges to the decentralization goal. Current detection approaches tailored for cryptocurrencies overlook non-fungible tokens (NFTs) nuances. We introduce ARTEMIS, an optimized graph neural network system for identifying airdrop hunters in NFT transactions. ARTEMIS captures NFT airdrop hunters through: (1) a multimodal module extracting visual and textual insights from NFT metadata using Transformer models; (2) a tailored node aggregation function chaining NFT transaction sequences, retaining behavioral insights; (3) engineered features based on market manipulation theories detecting anomalous trading. Evaluated on decentralized exchange Blur's data, ARTEMIS significantly outperforms baselines in pinpointing hunters. This pioneering computational solution for an emergent Web3 phenomenon has broad applicability for blockchain anomaly detection. The data and code for the paper are accessible at the following link: \hrefhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10676801 doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10676801.
Blockchain and NFT tokens will play an important role in the technology sector in the near future, and this process may help us to prevent scams in online exchange products as well as generate worthy trust in society. Hundreds of complaints have been filed in which the buyer or seller claimed to be defense personnel and displayed fake ID proofs to gain trust. Because Traditional Marketplace currently lacks a feature for reviewing sellers, users who want to buy products have little doubt about whether the seller can be trusted with the items they sell. Users can use it to determine whether a seller is reliable or not. Also, as a reference for purchasing items from the seller using NFT tokens. The Web3 is advancing more quickly in our society. Hopefully, it will have the widest possible audience for its reliable exchange, ownership transparency, and certified products. An NFT marketplace is a gateway to trade digital assets.The latest web assets, from simple artwork to expensive asset exchange, are available for purchase and sale on the NFT marketplace. Non-fungible tokens' ownership verification capabilities are their main advantage. Given that they are on a blockchain network, NFTs can help to link ownership to a single account. Since the blockchain can permanently store information about the product, checking for rarity and authenticity will soon be a thing on physical products too. In the rapidly evolving landscape of online marketplaces, the emergence of NFT (Non-Fungible Token) technology has ushered in a new era for both the sale of new and used products. This abstract delves into the dynamics of an NFT marketplace that caters to a diverse range of commodities, offering a seamless platform for buyers and sellers alike. This innovative marketplace leverages blockchain technology to tokenize both new and used products, providing each item with a unique digital identity that is securely stored on the blockchain. The use of NFTs ensures authenticity and provenance, instilling trust among users and mitigating the risk of counterfeit goods. The platform employs smart contracts to automate transactions, streamlining the buying and selling process while reducing the need for intermediaries.
The absence of clear protocols in the conservation of new media art has led to a situation of extreme precariousness of digital artworks. The irruption of blockchain culture and NFTs seems to offer an opportunity to overcome this situation. This paper aims to clarify whether or not the structure of data and metadata associated with transactions in the blockchain solves the challenging obsolescent and unstable condition of new media art. The disturbing reality is that the so-called ‘cryptoart’ is not always stored and encapsulated on the blockchain itself. In a high number of cases, assets just point to artworks living outside, stored on off-chain servers or platforms. This paper analyzes the possibilities for the preservation of art hosted on the chain. Despite some limitations, this method is understood as the more coherent and robust for long-term life and availability of digital art associated with Web3 technology.
He Peng, Yao Sun, Jianli Hao, Chunjiang An · 5 authors
Ground transportation, which includes the road and rail sectors, is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An emissions trading system (ETS) is one of the environmental policies for controlling carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion during transport activities. To investigate the status of existing ETS interventions on ground transportation emissions, a comprehensive literature review is conducted, including policy evaluation and comparison, scheme optimization and design, and specific transport behavior interventions. The results show that existing upstream policies are insufficient in stringency and effectiveness, while policy implementation for downstream interventions remains limited. To address these shortcomings, this study proposes a downstream ground transportation emissions trading system (GTETS), incorporating the Internet of Things and blockchain technology. As well as road and rail transportation emissions, the system includes the emissions-related activities of individuals and transportation companies, and its Web3-based technologies provide effective and efficient monitoring, reporting, and verification.
Mettupalle Chinnaiahgari Venkata ViswasReddy, Vootkuri Sai Charan Reddy, Gudeme Jaya Rao, N Rama Devi
The implementation of blockchain-based token transfers has emerged as a transformative tool for innovation and enhanced financial inclusion. To implement Blockchain based token transfers, smart contracts play a pivotal role in automating complex processes, enhancing efficiency, and driving innovation for tokenized assets and decentralized applications (dApps) that can be run on Ethereum. With rising popularity of smart contracts in 2015, necessity for a standardized token approach within the Ethereum ecosystem is recognized. To address interoperability issues and challenges in exchanging tokens between different applications, the Ethereum Request for Commet-20 (ERC20) standard was introduced through the Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC) process. Since then, several numerous schemes have been proposed efforts to enhance token transfers and implementations while adhering to ERC-20 standards. Despite the substantial progress made in optimizing the functionality and efficiency of token transfers, achieving a truly user-friendly experience has remained an ongoing challenge. To address this challenge, several schemes have been proposed to refine the user interface and experience associated with ERC-20 token transfers. Our research work proposes a practical approach to address concerns by creating a simple user-friendly decentralized web application (Web3) using smart contracts that adhere to ERC-20 standards. By focusing on the development of a seamless user experience, the system developed aims to empower users to send tokens effortlessly by connecting to various wallets available in the market.
Decentralized file storage has emerged as a transformative solution to address the challenges of centralized data storage, offering enhanced security, privacy, and resilience in the digital age. This research paper explores the significance of decentralized file storage systems and examines the technologies involved, including blockchain, Polygon, Web3, IPFS, and MetaMask. Through a comprehensive analysis of the architecture, implementation details, security considerations, performance evaluations, and real-world applications, key findings highlight the advantages of decentralized storage solutions over traditional centralized counterparts. The research underscores the importance of decentralization in fostering data sovereignty, transparency, and inclusivity, while offering insights into the potential impact on various industries and scenarios.
This paper closely examines a discussion paper by the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and a strategy paper by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) advocating non-financial use cases of blockchain in India. By noting the discursive shift from transparency to trust to adjustably transparent enacted in these two documents, and consequently the Indian state’s re-description of blockchain, the paper foregrounds how blockchain systems are being designated as “decentral” but have recentralizing effects where the state reinvents and re-establishes itself as an intermediary. This paper illustrates how discursive shifts concerning trust, transparency, (de)centralization and (dis)intermediation are crucial sites for investigating re-descriptions of emerging sociotechnical systems.
Abstract Adem Yetim FBCS provides a comprehensive guide to mentoring in the era of digital artistry and technological innovation, exploring the integral role of Web3 and NFTs in shaping future creatives.
Primavera De Filippi, Morshed Mannan, Sofia Cossar, Tara Merk · 8 authors
While the evolution of the World Wide Web has taken various turnsaway from its original vision, the advent of Web3 promises a newera focused on user ‘ownership’ and ‘decentralization.’ Theconcept of Web3, introduced in 2014 by Ethereum co-founder andPolkadot creator Gavin Wood, focuses on a new infrastructurebased on decentralized networks and technologies. This newinfrastructure enhances user ownership and autonomy by movingaway from centralized operators and trusted intermediaries.Blockchain technology is a cornerstone of Web3, initiallydeveloped as an innovative means to record transactions digitally.The collective choices of individuals and organizations drive theevolution of blockchain technology and its diverse applications.These entities form what are known as ‘blockchain systems’:complex techno-social structures that operate across multipleintertwined layers. Beyond the capabilities of blockchaintechnology to store data across multiple nodes, the governancedynamics within blockchain systems are complex and nuanced. Tofully grasp the opportunities and challenges of Web3, it is essentialto analyze the governance practices of its fundamentalcomponents, including blockchain networks.This report is a collaborative effort between BlockchainGov andProject Liberty Institute to analyze the governance dynamics ofprominent blockchain networks through an interdisciplinary andcomparative lens. It focuses on eleven blockchain networks:Avalanche, Bitcoin, Cardano, Cosmos, Ethereum, Filecoin,Optimism, Polygon, Polkadot, Tezos, and Zcash. Through acomprehensive empirical analysis built on previous academic workand practitioners’ insights, the report offers six key findings aboutthe governance dynamics of these blockchain systems.
I Gede Agus Krisna Warmayana, Yuichiro Yamashita, Nobuto Oka "Decentralized Materials Data Management using Blockchain, Non-Fungible Tokens, and Interplanetary File System in Web3" Journal of Applied Data Sciences, 2025, Vol.6, No.1, p.742-752 https://doi.org/10.47738/jads.v6i1.380 掲載
The article closely reads a discussion paper by the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and a strategy paper by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) advocating non-financial use cases of blockchain in India. By noting the discursive shift from transparency to trust to adjustably transparent enacted in these two documents, and consequently the Indian state's redescription of blockchain, the paper foregrounds how blockchain systems are being designated as "decentral" but have recentralizing effects where the state reinvents and re-establishes itself as an intermediary. The paper illustrates how discursive shifts concerning trust, transparency, (de)centralization and (dis)intermediation are crucial sites for investigating redescriptions of emerging sociotechnical systems.
The chapter contextualizes recent works of appropriation art in the field of non-fungible tokens within the longer tradition of plagiarism, identity appropriation and mirroring in the field of net-based art, from the late ’90s to present time. In the effort to outline shared problems and strategies, as well as common roots in conceptual art, the chapter will focus mostly on artworks in which the mere act of copying and republishing existing content with no significant changes is adopted as an artistic strategy. At a moment in which the self-proclaimed innovators and heralds of the decentralized web are mischaracterizing and persecuting works of digital appropriation and satire as theft and deception, and betraying the Web3 core values by appealing conventional laws to protect their intellectual property and trademark, it is worth reconsidering how the online circulation of digital content has been discussed along the last three decades, and what practices have been developed in order to assert the legitimacy of appropriation as an artistic strategy.
More and more street and graffiti artists are using NFTs to monetize their art. A reason for this might be that the digital medium combined with the cultural aspects surrounding the NFT scene, such as the sense of community connected to the art and the tokens, fits well within these creative subcultures. One may think that in addition to this, Web3 and NFTs allow for a more democratic and direct link between artists who place their pieces in the street and their audiences. After examining these background issues, the chapter presents and comments on the opinions of a number of street artists, graffiti writers and a curator, who have been interviewed by the authors, on a variety of topics including the tokenization of street art murals and its intersection with copyright.
BACKGROUND: A blockchain can be described as a distributed ledger database where, under a consensus mechanism, data are permanently stored in records, called blocks, linked together with cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash function of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data, which are permanently stored in thousands of nodes and never altered. This provides a potential real-world application for generating a permanent, decentralized record of scientific data, taking advantage of blockchain features such as timestamping and immutability. IMPLEMENTATION: Here, we propose INNBC DApp, a Web3 decentralized application providing a simple front-end user interface connected with a smart contract for recording scientific data on a modern, proof-of-stake (POS) blockchain such as BNB Smart Chain. Unlike previously proposed blockchain tools that only store a hash of the data on-chain, here the data are stored fully on-chain within the transaction itself as "transaction input data", with a true decentralized storage solution. In addition to plain text, the DApp can record various types of files, such as documents, images, audio, and video, by using Base64 encoding. In this study, we describe how to use the DApp and perform real-world transactions storing different kinds of data from previously published research articles, describing the advantages and limitations of using such a technology, analyzing the cost in terms of transaction fees, and discussing possible use cases. RESULTS: We have been able to store several different types of data on the BNB Smart Chain: raw text, documents, images, audio, and video. Notably, we stored several complete research articles at a reasonable cost. We found a limit of 95KB for each single file upload. Considering that Base64 encoding increases file size by approximately 33%, this provides us with a theoretical limit of 126KB. We successfully overcome this limitation by splitting larger files into smaller chunks and uploading them as multi-volume archives. Additionally, we propose AES encryption to protect sensitive data. Accordingly, we show that it is possible to include enough data to be useful for storing and sharing scientific documents and images on the blockchain at a reasonable cost for the users. CONCLUSION: INNBC DApp represents a real use case for blockchain technology in decentralizing biomedical data storage and sharing, providing us with features such as immutability, timestamp, and identity that can be used to ensure permanent availability of the data and to provide proof-of-existence as well as to protect authorship, a freely available decentralized science (DeSci) tool aiming to help bring mass adoption of blockchain technology among the scientific community.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security