Previous contract protocols in blockchains ensure their fairness and traceability by utilizing centralized credible nodes. If credible nodes are dishonest or conspire with the signatory, then other nodes are compromised. Meanwhile, the leakage of sensitive information of participant nodes poses a serious threat to the privacy security of data access in blockchains. To address this issue, this study proposes a secure control method of digital certificate-based data access in blockchains. The proposed method combines blockchain and digital certificate technologies and designs a secure authentication protocol for privacy data in blockchains without verifying the encrypted identity signature of the third-party participant. The high-efficiency network forwarding protocol proposed in this work can support the fair contract signing of multiple signers via blockchain. This protocol can protect the privacy of contracts and identities of participants. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is superior in terms of communication overhead, storage overhead, and detection rate.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The widespread presence of Corona virus (COVID-19) is causing organizations and individuals major economics downsizing.The way this virus is transmitted from one individual to another is the real cause of the problem.For that, researchers in different fields started seriously looking for touch-less and contact-less exchange.Particularly in the finance world, cash transactions and key pad based transactions are becoming obsolete because they are some of the major causes of the spread of this virus (and other viruses and bacteria).Cryptocurrency could be one of the solutions to the above mentioned situation.This novel money is based on Blockchain technology, which is based on cryptography algorithms for the safety and the security of the transactions.This paper exhibits a comparative study of the asymmetric cryptography algorithms.This helps the user to best choose the most secure, safe and reliable method to encrypt/decrypt the transactions created in the Blockchain.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
A blockchain-enabled online-voting system is being proposed in this following paper. Blockchain technologies deliver an endless variety of applications that benefit from distributed economies. The proposed model is an android application that has enhanced security features which includes both authentication and authorization. Authentication is incorporated by using a unique identification key and authorization is done by using fingerprint. Voters are also being verified by One-time password. The security in this project is implemented by using a 128 bit AES encryption algorithm and SHA-256 along with blockchain. The vote is casted in the form of transaction, where a blockchain is created, which keeps track of tallies of votes. Through this atomicity and integrity are maintained. [4] Index Terms—Voting System , Blockchain , SHA-256, Security, AES-128, Ballot
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Affaf Shahid, Umair Sarfraz, Muhammad Waseem Malik, Muhammad Sohaib Iftikhar · 6 authors
Supply chains are evolving into automated and highly complex networks and are becoming an important source of potential benefits in the modern world. However, it is challenging to track the provenance of data and maintain traceability throughout the network. The traditional supply chains are centralized and dependent on third party for trading. Centralized systems lack transparency, accountability and auditability. In our proposed solution, we have presented a blockchain-based reputation system in Agriculture and Food (Agri-Food) supply chain. It leverages the key features of blockchain and smart contract deployed over ethereum blockchain network. Although blockchain provides an immutable network for supply chain events, it still fails to solve the problem of trust among entities. Therefore, a reputation system is required that logs reviews of sellers and maintains the trust between trading entities.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The Tangle-based structure becomes one of the most promising solutions when designing DAG-based blockchain systems. The approach improves the scalability by directly confirming multiple transactions in parallel instead of single blocks in linear. However, the performance gain may bring potential security risks. In this paper, we construct three types of attacks with comprehensive evaluations, namely parasite attack (PS), double spending attack (DS), and hybrid attack (HB). To achieve that, we deconstruct the Tangle-based projects (e.g. IOTA) and abstract the main components to rebuild a simple but flexible network for the simulation. Then, we informally define three smallest actions to build up the attack strategies layer by layer. Based on that, we provide analyses to evaluate different types of attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a comprehensive security analysis of Tangle-based blockchains.
Open access
2 source records
cs.CR
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Masoud Barati, Omer Rana, Ioan Petri, George Theodorakopoulos
Data privacy in Internet of Things (IoT) applications remains a major concern of regulation bodies. The introduction of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) enables users to control how their data is accessed and processed, requiring consent from users before any data manipulation is carried out on their (personal) data by smart devices or cloud-hosted services. Blockchains provide the benefits of a distributed and immutable ledger recording digital transactions across a global network of peer nodes. Blockchain support for tracking of operations carried out by an IoT-based system provides greater confidence to a user that the IoT device is not infringing user privacy (as the Blockchain can be audited to verify which operation was carried out, by which actor). A formal model (following the privacy-bydesign approach) is proposed for supporting GDPR compliance checking for smart devices. The privacy requirements of such applications are related to GDPR obligations of device (and software systems) operators (such as user consent, data protection, right to forget etc). Three smart contracts are proposed as a practical solution to support automated verification of operations carried out by devices on user data, in accordance with GDPR rules. We evaluate the performance and scalability costs of our approach using a Blockchain test network.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The concept of coin mixing is significant in blockchain and achieves anonymity and has merited application in bitcoin. Albeit, several coin mixing schemes have been proposed, we point out that they either hoard input transactions and address mapping or not fully satisfy all requirements of practical anonymity. This paper proposes a coin mixing scheme (mixing countersignature scheme, ring signature, and coin mixing approach) that allows users to transact business untraceably and unlinkably without having to trust a third party to ensure coins are safe. Our proposed novel countersignature scheme simulation results prove the countersignature scheme's correctness with an average running time of 4 μs using PBC type A.80. The scheme's security and privacy are met with standard ring signature, ECDSA unforgeability and our countersignature. We demonstrated the efficiency of the mixing scheme using bitcoin's core regtest mode to set up a private bitcoin network. The mix takes 80, 160, 320, 640, 800 secs to service 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 5,000 users respectively. It was observed that the number of users scales linearly with average running time.
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
E-voting is the process of conducting the voting process through online. The voters can cast their votes from different locations and these votes are collected and recorded electronically. Therefore, there is a need for a system to provide control and security to the whole procedure. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology can be integrated to provide a decentralized system. Blockchain uses distributed ledger technology (DLT) to avoid forged voting option & non-repudiation and one time login of the user is also ensured. By integrating the above techniques, a secure user authentication for e-voting supported blockchain in p2p network is projected. This system would increase the safety by avoiding the forgery of votes. Similarly, the blockchain are often integrated to a spread of voting situations and a few alternative applications.
Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Cryptography is the process of protecting information from intruders and letting only the intended users’ access and understand it. It is a technique originated in 2000 BC where simple methods were used in earlier times to keep the information in a way that is not understandable by everyone. Only the intended receiver knows how to decode the information. Later, as technology advances, many sophisticated techniques were used to protect the message so that no intrusion can invade the information. Many mathematically complex algorithms like AES, RSA are used to encrypt and decrypt the data. Due to the advancements in the computer science field, recently, cryptography is used in the development of cryptographic currencies of cryptocurrencies. Blockchain technology, a distributed ledger technology identified to be the foundation of Bitcoin cryptocurrency, implements a high-level cryptographic technique like public-key cryptography, Hash Functions, Merkle Trees, Digital signatures like Elliptic curve digital signatures, etc. These advanced cryptographic techniques are used to provide security to blockchain data and for the secure transmission of information, thereby making Blockchain more popular and demandable. Blockchain applies cryptography in various phases, and some of the techniques used in Blockchain are advanced in cryptographic sciences. This paper intends to provide a brief introduction to cryptography and Blockchain Technology and discusses how both technologies can be integrated to provide the best of the security to the data. This paper reviews the various cryptographic attacks in Blockchain and the various security services offered in Blockchain. The challenges of blockchain security are also analyzed and presented briefly in this paper.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques