Introduction. An element of the organization of accounting for electronic transactions at the enterprise is the choice of the optimal organizational form. With the development of means of payment, centripetal and centrifugal trends in the organization of accounting and management alternately changed. Centralization (decentralization) of accounting takes place at the functional, software-technical, informational, territorial, structural and consumer levels. Each individual case of organization of accounting of electronic transactions may involve different organizational levels, which leads to combinational processing of accounting information. The need to research combined organizational forms determines the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to develop the newest form of organization of accounting and management of electronic transactions as a further development of combined- centralized and combined-decentralized options with the aim of simultaneously delegating accounting and management powers to full-time employees and variable outsourcers. Methods. Systemic, innovative, functional approaches and methods of generalization, bibliographic and comparative analysis were used in the process of realizing the established goal of scientific research. Results. The presence of a significant number of limitations and shortcomings in the organization of accounting for electronic transactions according to the classic centralized and decentralized organizational options has been proven. The peculiarities of the combined- centralized form of electronic transaction accounting organization, which involves the autonomous collection of primary data and placement in centralized databases, as well as the combined-centralized form with the fo-rmation of a distributed database with fragmented access to it by users based on blockchain technology, have been studied. The concept of the latest organizational option, which corresponds to the current stage of development of electronic money and crypto-objects, has been developed, based on cluster combined delegation and remote performance by full-time personnel of the functions of accounting, control and management of electronic transactions. With the cluster organizational form, the division of functional responsibilities in the vertical (types of accounting, control, management) and horizontal (types of financial and economic processes or accounting objects) plane is provided for the outsourcing of accounting and management functions between variable outsourcers. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The implementation of a cluster version of the organization of accounting in the field of electronic transactions ensures: consideration of information priorities and rights of access to information by users, maximization of benefits from a combination of delegation and independent implementation of functions by full-time personnel, distribution of functions between outsourcers taking into account the level of their competence, optimization of information flows of the enterprise, financial and cyber security of enterprises, etc. Therefore, the organizational features of ensuring financial and cyber security of enterprises in the context of accounting and management of electronic transactions require further research.
Purpose This study aims to explore the required leadership competencies for successful blockchain technology (BCT) implementation in public sector organizations from a sensemaking perspective. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a multiple case study design. Primary data are collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with several representatives of Finnish public sector organizations. Written material from the selected organizations complements the primary data. NVivo14 is used to generate codes and analyze data. Findings The analysis shows that through sensemaking, leaders identify cues for digitally transforming their organizations through blockchain by leveraging their curious and rational vision. After identifying the cues, leaders then interpret these cues through technological understanding and exploring different technological solutions. Once the cues are interpreted for blockchain implementation, the third step is enactment after interpreting the cues. Leaders can facilitate the enactment of blockchain by connecting the outcomes of blockchain with organizational processes and goals. Furthermore, a dark side of BCT is identified, consisting of overly optimistic expectations and creating technological dependencies in the public sector. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in 11 public organizations in Finland, which limits the generalizability of the findings. Leadership competencies that are required for blockchain implementation within organizations can be studied further by considering more use cases. The potential dark side of blockchain implementation can be explored further. Originality/value The presented research model of leadership competencies for blockchain implementation is derived from sensemaking research and contributes to the literature on leadership competencies by applying sensemaking to the study of BCT.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies
M. Hordyskyi, M. Zborovskyi, O. Kamniev, Y. Pidhorniy
The article is devoted to the study of decentralization's role in improving public finance management. Theprocess of decentralization, which involves the transfer of powers and responsibilities from central to local authorities, is aglobal trend aimed at improving governance, public service delivery, and local economic development by bringing thedecision-making process closer to communities. The article emphasizes that effective financial management, includingbudgeting, debt management, revenue generation, and transparent reporting, enables local governments to meetcommunity needs, maintain fiscal stability, and ensure accountability. The article examines vital legislative reforms inUkraine that have expanded the powers of local authorities, giving them greater control over budgets, taxes, and financialresources. Although decentralization offers significant opportunities, the study identifies challenges such as regionaldisparities, administrative constraints, and conflicts between central and local governments. Potential challenges confirmthe importance of institutional frameworks, financial resources, technological integration, and citizen participation toensure a successful decentralization process. Thanks to reliable financial practices and transparent management, localauthorities can improve the quality of public services and contribute to the state's economic growth and sustainabledevelopment.
Blockchain as a frontier digital technology provides new opportunities for innovation. This paper builds a theoretical framework utilizing the Resource-Based View (RBV), and empirically examines the impact of blockchain application on enterprise innovation, based on panel data from Chinese listed companies spanning from 2007 to 2020. This paper finds that the adoption of blockchain applications significantly promotes enterprise innovation, through mechanisms of improving operational efficiency and expanding operational scope. With regard to contextuality, the positive effect of blockchain applications on innovation is more pronounced in enterprises with higher levels of technological and capital accumulation. With regard to temporality, innovation at faster paces can better realise the benefits of blockchain applications. This paper provides robust empirical evidence derived from a large sample, thereby enhancing our understanding of this dynamic relationship and suggesting directions for future research. • Blockchain application can significantly promote enterprise innovation. • Blockchain boosts enterprise innovation via improved efficiency and scope expansion. • Enterprises with higher levels of technological and capital accumulation can exploit this impact better. • Innovation at faster paces can realise this impact better.
This article examines cryptocurrency as the newest form of money, analyzing the main risks, trends, and prospects for its development. The advantages of cryptocurrency, such as decentralization, anonymity, and security, are also analyzed. However, serious risks related to price volatility and the lack of government regulation are also addressed. We analyze the main development trends in the cryptocurrency market, including the growth in the number of users and the increase in transaction volumes.
Abstract Background/Objectives Blockchain technology is revolutionizing various industries by enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency. In healthcare, its small-scale application demonstrates the potential to transform healthcare. This study explores how cryptocurrency and blockchain technology enhance healthcare financial stability, secure medical information exchange, increase payment recovery and interoperability. Methods Guided by the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) Theory, this study reviews 34 articles on blockchain and cryptocurrency adoption in healthcare. We performed a thematic analysis focusing on empirical data, theoretical analyses, and existing implementations. Data were categorized by DOI elements: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability, and social system. The findings were synthesized into a detailed framework for adopting these technologies in healthcare. Results Our analysis shows that cryptocurrency offers a secure, decentralized payment platform, eliminating the need for third-party intermediaries. Blockchain adoption enhances payment and patient record protection. Cryptographic methods ensure data integrity, transparency, and security, preventing modifications once recorded. Altering data requires consensus from the network majority, protecting healthcare providers from ransomware attacks. Conclusions Evidence suggests that cryptocurrency and blockchain will disrupt healthcare payments, data management, and accommodate interoperability within the next decade. These technologies promise improved security, improved public health research, and increased trust in the healthcare system. Key messages • Our research will be assessing the challenges of integrating digital coins and blockchain technology into the healthcare system. • Examine the potential benefits and risks of implementing blockchain technology in healthcare settings.
Jayesh Rane, Ömer Kaya, Suraj Kumar Mallick, Nitin Liladhar Rane
This systematic literature review aims to discuss how digital transformation and digitalization have influenced businesses and management by synthesizing the latest research trends and findings. The digital transformation, defined as the integration of digital technologies in all business areas, has reshaped conventional business models, operational processes, and value propositions. On the other side, digitalization is a subcategory of digital transformation, referring to a process for the conversion of information from an analogue into a digital format for the automation and optimization of business processes. The review brings out that digital transformation is no longer a technological pursuit but a strategic compulsion impacting organizational culture, leadership, and customer engagement. It is found from emerging trends that only those businesses which are using sophisticated technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things are now gaining competitive advantage through resilience, innovation, and customer-centricity. This research calls for a holistic approach to the integration of technology into the strategic vision with organizational change management for successful digital transformation.
Christian Kreuzer, Ralf Laschinger, Christopher Priberny, Sven Benninghoff
Cryptocurrencies provide an escape from the conventional financial system and its regulations and could therefore become increasingly popular in the midst of geopolitical uncertainties. We analyze the linkage of the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the trading volume of 16 major cryptocurrencies via event study methodologies, based on a geopolitical risk index. The results show that the trading volume of most cryptocurrencies is positively affected by the events of the conflict. This is especially true for payment tokens and most utility coins. Interestingly, stablecoins show only fewer trading volumes before the actual event. Among utility tokens, Ripple in particular is positively influenced. • We examine how the Russia–Ukraine conflict affects the trading volume of 16 major cryptocurrencies. • Most cryptocurrencies see temporary increased trading volumes on events of the conflict. • Payment tokens and many utility coins, in particular, experience higher trading volumes. • Stablecoins only have lower trading volumes before the event.
The article examines the fiscal potential of local budgets in the context of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine. The current state and trends in the development of local finances, the main sources of revenues and expenditures of local budgets are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the tools for increasing fiscal potential, such as optimization of the tax base, increasing the efficiency of tax administration, attracting investment and intermunicipal cooperation. The main challenges and prospects for the development of fiscal potential in the context of decentralization are identified, in particular, the uneven economic development of regions, dependence on state transfers and the need to increase the transparency of budget funds. It is found that the structure of local budget revenues has changed significantly as a result of decentralization. There is an increase in the share of own revenues, in particular tax revenues, which has a positive impact on the financial autonomy of local communities. The analysis has shown that the main expenditures of local budgets are aimed at financing education, health care, social protection, and housing and communal services. The main challenges for the development of the fiscal potential of local budgets are identified, including uneven economic development of regions, dependence on state transfers, and the need to increase the efficiency of budget resources. A number of measures are proposed to increase the fiscal potential, including optimizing the tax base, improving tax administration, attracting investment, and developing inter-municipal cooperation.
Purpose. The aim of the article is the study of the content of the functioning of local finances, the analysis of the main challenges and crisis phenomena arising in the field of local budgets in the conditions of the martial law of Ukraine. Methodology of research. The research was conducted using a dialectical approach to studying the current state of development of the content of local finances and financing the needs of local budgets. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and generalization – to develop the provisions of the theory and practice of the content of local finances; monographic – when studying literary sources on issues of the content of local finances; epistemological – to clarify and deepen the content of the category "local finances"; system and analytical – when processing the information received regarding the financing of the needs of local budgets; abstract and logical – for formulating the conclusions of the study. Findings. A study of the theoretical foundations of the category "local finances" was conducted. The peculiarities of their use in the context of budgetary decentralization of territorial communities were identified. An analysis of the financing needs of local budgets under martial law was conducted. An assessment of the dynamics of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine was carried out. The main problems of local budgets were identified. Originality. A review of literary sources was carried out to clarify the meaning of the concept of "local finances", which made it possible to offer a new understanding for optimizing the budgetary decentralization of territorial communities. Prospects for the development of financing of local budgets of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law are offered. Practical value. The obtained results of the study will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the formation and development of financing of local budgets of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law. Key words: local finances, budget decentralization, territorial communities, local budgets, budget revenues and expenditures.
<div> Blockchain technology is making a huge difference in the global technology system where it proves better security than traditional system, gaining trust among users for transparency and solving many problems which the current economy is facing. Transaction being done via decentralized network has gasps attractions of many industries including shipping, healthcare and supply chain with less time and accuracy. The decentralized Finance system is solving problems including traditional banking accessibility in remote regions where banks are not available for transactions, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) which reduces cost of infrastructure and mankind by providing direct access to their asset and trade via internet. Although there are governments policies and regulations that are still not clear amongst many countries, even technology is for good but not able to use it due to limited knowledge and guidance. This paper explores how the global economy can be put in such a situation where new technology can not only help government bodies to tackle traditional finance challenges but also mitigate risks, tackle cybercrimes and increase transparency so that everyone across globe can feel secure about innovation in blockchain. This paper will also do analysis of how big data is making a difference in global economy and how government policies are affecting big data and blockchain technology. </div>
Law, as the main regulator of social relations, should objectively keep up with their rapid modern changes, respond to the fact that new relations are emerging based on the latest digital technologies. Cryptocurrency, as the general name of the latest technologies, is a new factor that affects economic relations more and more every year. During the last five years, when many countries have already actively begun to include the legal regulation of cryptocurrencies in the framework of national legislation, Ukraine remained aloof from this law-making process. However, every year it became more and more obvious that such a state policy would only lead to lagging behind other states in the development of the latest technologies. Since the beginning of 2022, the understanding of the need for the development of digital technologies, including with the help of adequate legal regulation of “cryptocurrency” in Ukraine has begun.
Valentyn Bannikov, Stanislav Petko, Олександр Семенов, Олександр Журба · 5 authors
Introduction: this paper discusses and analyzes how blockchain technologies and smart contracts apply to automate assurance management processes with sustainability using a perspective model. The increase in demand for systems that are clear and secure in the automation of management processes calls for innovations such as blockchain and smart contracts. Objective: the objectives of the article are to identify the status of blockchain and smart contract adoption in many management processes; to consider the effect these technologies have on the efficiency, transparency, and sustainability of management operations.Methodology: we used regression and Markov analysis simulations to analyze the impacts of blockchain technologies on the management processes. The case study data were used to predict the long-term sustainability impacts, and simulations were carried out. Results: the regression established a positive but substantial effect of the adoption of blockchain technologies on the efficiency of management processes. 75 % of the efficiency score varies with the level of blockchain adoption. Simulations done using the Markov chain also showed that under the highest level of blockchain adoption, there is an effectivity of 90 percent where management processes would have improved and be efficient for the remaining ten years. The simulations also attested that partial adoption still offered a 70 % probability of sustained improvements.Conclusions: this paper provides strong evidence through regression analysis and Markov simulations showing the influence of these technologies. The ability of organizations to focus on innovative solutions toward sustainable management results is therefore realized
Purpose: What matters is that blockchain may be used to record anything of value, not only financial transactions. It is becoming increasingly clear that blockchain technology will drastically alter several industries, notably finance. Without a question, the financial industry is leading the way in the use of blockchain technology. Blockchain is quickly transforming the world economy. Given that distributed ledger technology, or blockchain, has the potential to always have a positive impact on society and the economy, this impact is crucial. Actually, there are more than just economic advantages to the blockchain, and some organizations have already begun to use its technological capabilities to solve issues in the real world. In order to determine the influence of applied blockchain on economic sustainability as well as the benefits and drawbacks of blockchain application for economy, this study will do so. Design/ methodology/ approach: The terms "blockchain" and " economy" were used to find qualitative information in earlier work. Finally, 50 articles in the fields of business, management, and accounting that had undergone peer review as well as book chapters and conference proceedings were chosen. White papers and unreviewed books were removed as non-scientific sources. Qualitative data were collected from previous literature using the keywords “blockchain” and “economy”. Then, preliminary data was used, by conducting 15 interviews with experts and managers in the financial sector in Egypt about their opinion on the adoption of artificial intelligence and its impact on economic sustainability. Findings: From the interviews, the study collected more detailed information about the blockchain. This could be represented in the three main themes; theme of blockchain advantages, theme of blockchain disadvantages and challenges and theme of blockchain opportunities. Finally, some recommendations were made to decision makers as well as future researchers in this field according to the study results. Received: 06 February 2024 Accepted: 12 June 2024 Published: 30 June 2024
The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the impact of digitalization on the transformation of global financial markets in the context of modern global technological changes. The paper analyzes the main trends and challenges of the digital transformation of the financial sector, identifies key technological drivers of change, and examines their impact on the development of financial institutions. The article examines the role of such technologies as artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data, and cloud computing in the transformation of financial services. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the development of digital financial technologies in leading countries of the world, in particular the USA, China, and the countries of the European Union. The specifics of the implementation of alternative payment systems and their impact on international trade are studied. The article highlights the processes of transformation of financial institutions under the influence of digitalization, including changes in the organizational structure, operational processes, and client services. The main risks and challenges of digital transformation are analyzed, in particular cybersecurity issues, regulatory aspects, and technological risks. Key trends in the adaptation of international financial markets to the digital reality are highlighted, including the introduction of central bank digital currencies, regulation of the crypto-asset market, development of alternative financial systems and integration of financial technologies. The role of blockchain technologies in increasing the efficiency and security of international financial transactions is investigated. The issues of cybersecurity and data protection as critical elements of modern financial infrastructure are considered. Promising areas of further research are outlined, in particular, the analysis of the impact of central bank digital currencies on financial stability, research on the effectiveness of algorithmic trading and the study of the long-term consequences of decentralized finance for the traditional banking system.
The article examines the impact of cryptocurrencies on the field of accounting and auditing, emphasizing the need to update existing methodologies in light of the digitalization of the economy. The development of the digital economy leads to the widespread use of electronic currencies. In the modern world, cryptocurrency is not only relevant as a form of electronic payments, but also promising for investments in the international market. In recent years, there has been an unprecedented increase in interest in cryptocurrencies as an innovative financial instrument, which has caused significant changes in traditional accounting and auditing approaches. The development of blockchain technology and an increase in the volume of transactions using cryptocurrencies stimulate the need to adapt accounting systems and audit procedures to new economic conditions. The article is dedicated to analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies, as well as developing new audit procedures adapted to the specifics of cryptocurrency transactions. The relevance of the topic is determined by the rapid penetration of crypto assets into the financial world and the challenges they pose for traditional accounting systems. It also necessitates the adaptation of accounting standards and auditing practices to new economic realities. The work uses a comprehensive approach, including the analysis of academic sources, regulatory documents, as well as expert opinions and practical case studies. The results show that the integration of cryptocurrencies requires standardization of accounting and updating of audit approaches, as well as raising the level of specialists' knowledge. The article offers recommendations that contribute to increasing the transparency of financial operations and strengthening investor confidence. This research is of interest to professionals in the field of financial accounting and auditing, as well as researchers studying the impact of digital technologies on economic processes.
The paper substantiates the mechanism of tokenizing currency values to modernize the national financial settlement infrastructure. This necessitated a consistent resolution of three research objectives: a) justifying the existing insurmountable limitations in the widespread adoption of central bank digital currency, particularly in Ukraine; b) clarifying the structure of such a mechanism for using tokenized assets in developing market infrastructure using the e-commerce sector as an example; c) specifying three mandatory legal and technological conditions for the circulation of respective tokenized assets. This article represents a logical and successive stage of the author’s efforts to establish a cycle of new ideas in the scientific domain regarding improving broad access to investment resources and significantly facilitating financial operations through a technologically secure procedure for tokenizing backed assets. The article continues the author’s long-standing series of publications in this area and the closely related field of platform public governance. For the first time, the article proposes a mechanism for using tokenized assets to conduct transactions in the e-commerce and digital commerce sectors with deferred payment without an upfront deposit on the Internet using an escrow account. The core component of the software solution is a digital service based on blockchain technology implemented through a decentralized information platform, e.g., the Ukrainian-originated Bitbon System platform. This service, at least during the stages of acquiring the right to conduct a transaction and its settlement, involves using a bank escrow account. The mechanism employs the methodology of asset tokenization (i.e., with an actual and legal connection to the underlying asset) using an information platform by assigning a unique digital identifier (token) in the distributed ledger of the information platform, subject to maintaining a certain amount of funds in the escrow account. Unlike the project of the Ukrainian central bank digital currency e-hryvnia, implementing the proposed mechanism does not require costly updates to the payment infrastructure in dozens of commercial banks at their own expense, nor does it necessitate additional legislative regulation. At the same time, such a model and mechanism can be used in the legal execution of almost any transaction in terms of ensuring deferred payment under a contract and can be applied in various sectors, including e-commerce, digital commerce, agricultural markets, and others.
ABSTRACT This paper examines the shifts in investor sentiment during the Russia–Ukraine war and its consequent impact on market volatility. By employing a comprehensive dataset that includes the S&P 500 index, historical Bitcoin prices, the Investor Sentiment Index, the Industrial Production Index, and the US Consumer Price Index, this study applies several econometric models such as generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, regression analyses, vector error correction models (VECM), and the Granger causality model. The analysis spans from January 2021 to March 2023. The findings indicate that investor sentiment significantly influences returns in both stock and cryptocurrency markets, having a positive effect. These results underscore the importance for investors and policymakers to monitor investor sentiment during periods of conflict to understand its potential impact on financial markets. This research offers valuable insights that can guide investment decisions and inform policy interventions.
Introduction. Financial technologies play a crucial role in socio-ecological-economic development by automating various processes across all sectors and increasing service accessibility not only in large cities but also in every corner of the country. The use of remote customer service channels reduces labor and associated costs, promoting more efficient resource utilization. FinTech supports the growth of financial markets and serves as a vital tool for optimizing both the everyday lives of individuals and the functioning of the entire ecosystem. These technologies significantly facilitate the formation of connections between different sectors, accelerating the attainment of economic, social, technological, political, and other benefits. FinTech not only fosters economic growth but also supports sustainable development by enhancing social inclusiveness and promoting ecological sustainability through more efficient resource use and reduction of the carbon footprint. The purpose of the article. It is necessary to investigate the theoretical and applied understanding of AI in Fintech as a driver of socio-ecological-economic development. Results. Trends in AI, considering sustainable development and financial technologies, highlight the following key directions: Green AI (energy-efficient algorithms; energy consumption optimization); Ethical and Transparent AI (ethical principles; explainability); Inclusive Financial Technologies (financial inclusion; personalized financial services); Innovations in Lending and Risk Management (creditworthiness analysis; risk forecasting); Intelligent Investment Platforms (robo-advisors; micro-investments); Cybersecurity (threat detection; behavior analysis); Sustainable Development through Financial Technologies (investing in sustainable development; impact monitoring). Therefore, it can be argued that the integration of artificial intelligence in financial technologies not only drives innovation in financial services but also upholds the principles of sustainable development, ensuring ethical, inclusive, and efficient practices. Conclusions. Financial technologies are rapidly evolving, stimulating the emergence of diverse services, including internet payments, lending through distributed ledgers, and mobile money transfers. Key directions in the development of financial technologies include fraud protection, business interchanges, and adaptation to regulations, opening up new opportunities for all consumer categories. Transformational trends in fintech innovations significantly impact Ukraine's financial sector, expanding the accessibility of financial services and enhancing the efficiency of financial companies. It is necessary to ensure the creation of appropriate legislative and regulatory environments to guarantee the security and stability of the financial sector in the face of rapid development of digital technologies. The application of artificial intelligence in the financial sector is defined by key directions such as green AI, ethical and transparent AI, fostering innovation and sustainable development, increasing the efficiency and accessibility of financial services.
With the degradation of the environment due to increasing ecological destruction and pollution, sustainable development has become the paramount objective of social progress. As a result, the concept of green development has garnered considerable attention, which is an important starting point for China to achieve stable economic development and sustainable ecological development. To achieve high-quality economic progress while advancing environmentally friendly practices, it is imperative to formulate and uphold a sound green credit system. However, the phenomenon of greenwashing by enterprises still exists, which compromises the efficacy of green credit and hinders the long-term sustainable and well-organized progress of green finance. Building on the background of green credit, considering the existence of blockchain and government subsidies and adopting the method of tripartite evolutionary game, this paper examines the strategic decisions made by the government, financial institutions, and small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of greenwashing. An emphasis is placed on the impact of blockchain technology on the three parties involved in the green credit market. The findings demonstrate that blockchain technology can diminish the likelihood of greenwashing by businesses and enhance the impact of government subsidies. However, it cannot replace the regulatory authority of the government in sustainable development. Moreover, excessive subsidies can stimulate more greenwashing practices, but eliminating subsidies does not eradicate the root of greenwashing. To encourage sustainable economic development and minimize corporate defaults, the government ought to reinforce supervision and establish a robust social surveillance and publicity mechanism. This paper broadens the research perspective on the effectiveness of green credit and provides some empirical and theoretical references for further promoting the green transformation of SMEs and the sustainable development of the ecological environment.