Shampa Rani Das, N. Z. Jhanjhi, David Asirvatham, Farzeen Rizwan · 5 authors
The installation of the blockchain into artificial intelligence (AI)-driven healthcare systems is explored to prevent security breaches and optimize the patient's well-being. The digital revolution in healthcare brings with it substantial challenges related to data security, notably privacy invasions and data compromises, and even shortcomings with data interoperability. These limitations, which are rendered severe by advanced cyberattacks, indicate how inadequate conventional security precautions are and how this sector must move beyond more constantly evolving and predictive security approaches. Integrated Blockchain-AI concerning the healthcare sector is revolutionizing the management of patient data by utilizing an intricate, multifaceted infrastructure extending from data collection to service delivery. This ingenious incorporation represents a crucial breakthrough when it comes to healthcare systems and research as it not only ensures stringent data privacy and compliance but also greatly improves diagnostic, predictive, and individualized healthcare services. Meanwhile, it streamlines supply chain management (SCM) by offering an opaque, traceable system that inhibits the commercialization of counterfeit medicinal products and upholds quality control (QC), sustaining the wellness of patients and making certain legal compliance. The adoption of blockchain platforms to track pharmaceutical lifecycles and AI to personalize healthcare is demonstrated through usage scenarios in drug provenance and secured medical records management. The unified infrastructure must deal with ethical dilemmas and legal concerns including regulatory compliance, intellectual property (IP) protection, and liability formulation, crucial to providing reliable, legally compliant healthcare options. A concerted effort from all stakeholders is required to navigate and optimally utilize the prospective benefits of these advancements, as the healthcare industry looks forward to a subsequent of more secure operations, individualized treatment, and operational efficiency via an amalgamation of AI and blockchain.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Shumaiya Akter Shammi, Pronab Ghosh, Ananda Sutradhar, F. M. Javed Mehedi Shamrat · 6 authors
Modern healthcare should include artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for disease identification and monitoring, particularly for chronic conditions, including heart, diabetes, kidney, liver, and thyroid. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), heart, diabetes, and liver diseases (hepatitis B and C and liver cirrhosis) are leading causes of mortality. The prevalence of thyroid and chronic kidney diseases is also increasing. We conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature to assess the current state of AI advancement in disease diagnosis and identify areas needing further attention. Machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and ensemble learning (EL) approaches have gained popularity in recent years due to their excellent results across various medical domains. This study focuses on their application in disease diagnosis and monitoring. We present a framework designed to provide aspiring researchers with a foundational understanding of popular algorithms and their significance in disease identification. Additionally, we highlight the importance of blockchain technology in the healthcare industry for safeguarding patient data confidentiality and privacy. The decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain can enhance data security, promote interoperability, and empower patients to control their medical information. By demonstrating the potential of advanced ML methods and blockchain technology to transform healthcare systems and improve patient outcomes, our research contributes to the field of disease diagnostics.
K. Deepthika, G. Shobana, Kumbam Venkat Reddy, S Srimathi · 6 authors
The collection of medical data encompasses a variety of patient records that hold significant value for ongoing treatment and future research works. To ensure the privacy of the data, it is imperative to store and share it securely. Utilizing blockchain technology in managing healthcare data is prevalent due to its decentralized nature and ability to provide tamper-proof security measures. In healthcare's dynamic and ever-changing realm, the importance of securely sharing sensitive health data and managing consent effectively cannot be overstated. These factors are crucial in safeguarding patient privacy and promoting collaborative research efforts. This study aims to investigate the potential integration of blockchain technology and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning models to develop a comprehensive framework that ensures secure health data sharing and effective consent management. Integrating blockchain technology's decentralized and immutable ledger with the sequential learning capabilities of LSTM presents a promising approach to tackle the various obstacles related to data integrity, provenance, and patient-centric consent within healthcare ecosystems. The proposed system aims to improve the security and transparency of health data transactions while enabling dynamic consent management. This empowers individuals to have more control over their data. In this study, aims to assess the effectiveness of the blockchain-integrated LSTM model in ensuring health data security. Additionally, the investigated model facilitates smooth and privacy-preserving collaboration among various healthcare stakeholders. The experiments involved utilizing two publicly available data sources, CICIDS-2017 and NSL-KDD. These experiments evaluated the proposed model's performance compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches within non-blockchain and blockchain settings. The results demonstrated that the proposed model exhibited superior performance across both datasets, achieving an accuracy rate of approximately 99%.
Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Abstract The fusion of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) marks a paradigm shift in healthcare, addressing critical challenges in securing electronic health records (EHRs), ensuring data privacy, and facilitating secure data transmission. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the adoption of blockchain and AI within healthcare, spotlighting their role in fortifying security and transparency leading the trajectory for a promising future in the realm of healthcare. Our study, employing the PRISMA model, scrutinized 402 relevant articles, employing a narrative analysis to explore the fusion of blockchain and AI in healthcare. The review includes the architecture of AI and blockchain, examines AI applications with and without blockchain integration, and elucidates the interdependency between AI and blockchain. The major findings include: (i) it protects data transfer, and digital records, and provides security; (ii) enhances EHR security and COVID-19 data transmission, thereby bolstering healthcare efficiency and reliability through precise assessment metrics; (iii) addresses challenges like data security, privacy, and decentralized computing, forming a robust tripod. The fusion of blockchain and AI revolutionize healthcare by securing EHRs, and enhancing privacy, and security. Private blockchain adoption reflects the sector’s commitment to data security, leading to improved efficiency and accessibility. This convergence promises enhanced disease identification, response, and overall healthcare efficacy, and addresses key sector challenges. Further exploration of advanced AI features integrated with blockchain promises to enhance outcomes, shaping the future of global healthcare delivery with guaranteed data security, privacy, and innovation.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Asset management in the health sector is an important consideration for ensuring asset visibility, security, and preventing asset theft. The distribution of the vaccination is one of the issues that must be addressed optimally, particularly in Indonesia. The vaccine distribution process requires a system that is transparent, accountable, and capable of providing optimal monitoring to ensure the appropriate temperature and humidity of the vaccine boxes distributed. This paper uses the DSRM (Design Science Research Methodology) as the initial basis for the research process. This study produces a conceptual model and architectural design of a blockchain-based vaccine distribution system that is integrated with IoT devices to record temperature and humidity and uses the Ethereum platform to run smart contracts that store various conditions for vaccine validity starting from vaccine batch information, expiration date, and vaccine temperature conditions.
Tiago Nunes, Paulo Rupino da Cunha, João Mendes de Abreu, J. Duarte · 5 authors
Amid global health challenges, resilient health systems require continuous innovation and progress. Stakeholders highlight the critical role of digital technologies in accelerating this progress. However, the digital health field faces significant challenges, including the sensitivity of health data, the absence of evidence-based standards, data governance issues, and a lack of evidence on the impact of digital health strategies. Overcoming these challenges is crucial to unlocking the full potential of digital health innovations in enhancing healthcare delivery and outcomes. Prioritizing security and privacy is essential in developing digital health solutions that are transparent, accessible, and effective. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have gained widespread attention, including in healthcare, offering innovative solutions and addressing challenges through blockchain technology. This paper addresses the gap in systematic-level studies on NFT applications in healthcare, aiming to comprehensively analyze use cases and associated research challenges. The search included primary studies published between 2014 and November 2023, searching in a balanced set of databases compiling articles from different fields. A review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework and strictly focusing on research articles related to NFT applications in the healthcare sector. The electronic search retrieved 1902 articles, ultimately resulting in 15 articles for data extraction. These articles span applications of NFTs in medical devices, pathology exams, diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, and other healthcare domains, highlighting their potential to eliminate centralized trust sources in health informatics. The review emphasizes the adaptability and versatility of NFT-based solutions, indicating their broader applicability across various healthcare stages and expansion into diverse industries. Given their role in addressing challenges associated with enhancing data integrity, availability, non-repudiation, and authentication, NFTs remain a promising avenue for future research within digital health solutions.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
This research presents an innovative framework that uses blockchain technology to improve tumor segmentation in medical imaging. The approach tackles issues related to data security, particularly when dealing with real private dataset, annotation accuracy, and collaboration. With the growing reliance of the medical industry on accurate tumor segmentation from medical images for cancer diagnosis and treatment, current methods are inadequate in maintaining data accuracy and promoting collaboration among experts across different countries. Our suggested approach utilizes blockchain technology to establish a decentralized, secure platform for the collaborative obtaining, annotation, and validation of medical images by data scientists, oncologists, and radiologists. Smart contracts streamline essential procedures such as verification of annotations, consensus among experts, and remuneration of contributors, guaranteeing the dependability and excellence of the data. Furthermore, the unchangeable record of transactions in the blockchain ensures a reliable basis for implementing artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. This improves the accuracy of segmenting data and allows for predictive modeling. This strategy not only improves the precision and effectiveness of tumor segmentation but also promotes a worldwide collaborative environment, which has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnostics and treatment planning. Furthermore, it ensures the privacy and security of patient data.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
BACKGROUND: Health care insurance fraud is on the rise in many ways, such as falsifying information and hiding third-party liability. This can result in significant losses for the medical health insurance industry. Consequently, fraud detection is crucial. Currently, companies employ auditors who manually evaluate records and pinpoint fraud. However, an automated and effective method is needed to detect fraud with the continually increasing number of patients seeking health insurance. Blockchain is an emerging technology and is constantly evolving to meet business needs. With its characteristics of immutability, transparency, traceability, and smart contracts, it demonstrates its potential in the health care domain. In particular, self-executable smart contracts are essential to reduce the costs associated with traditional paradigms, which are mostly manual, while preserving privacy and building trust among health care stakeholders, including the patient and the health insurance networks. However, with the proliferation of blockchain development platform options, selecting the right one for health care insurance can be difficult. This study addressed this void and developed an automated decision map recommender system to select the most effective blockchain platform for insurance fraud detection. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop smart contracts for detecting health care insurance fraud efficiently. Therefore, we provided a taxonomy of fraud scenarios and implemented their detection using a blockchain platform that was suitable for health care insurance fraud detection. To automatically and efficiently select the best platform, we proposed and implemented a decision map-based recommender system. For developing the decision-map, we proposed a taxonomy of 102 blockchain platforms. METHODS: We developed smart contracts for 12 fraud scenarios that we identified in the literature. We used the top 2 blockchain platforms selected by our proposed decision-making map-based recommender system, which is tailored for health care insurance fraud. The map used our taxonomy of 102 blockchain platforms classified according to their application domains. RESULTS: The recommender system demonstrated that Hyperledger Fabric was the best blockchain platform for identifying health care insurance fraud. We validated our recommender system by comparing the performance of the top 2 platforms selected by our system. The blockchain platform taxonomy that we created revealed that 59 blockchain platforms are suitable for all application domains, 25 are suitable for financial services, and 18 are suitable for various application domains. We implemented fraud detection based on smart contracts. CONCLUSIONS: Our decision map recommender system, which was based on our proposed taxonomy of 102 platforms, automatically selected the top 2 platforms, which were Hyperledger Fabric and Neo, for the implementation of health care insurance fraud detection. Our performance evaluation of the 2 platforms indicated that Fabric surpassed Neo in all performance metrics, as depicted by our recommender system. We provided an implementation of fraud detection based on smart contracts.
Personal health data sharing is made possible by mobile and wearable technology. It has a tremendous and growing value for healthcare, helping both providers of care and medical research. The enhancement of engagement and collaboration within the healthcare industry depends on the secure and convenient sharing of personal health data. This chapter proposes an innovative user-centric health data sharing solution using a decentralized and permissioned blockchain to protect privacy using a channel formation scheme and enhanced identity management using the membership service. It is supported by the blockchain in response to the potential privacy issues and vulnerabilities existing in current personal health data storage and sharing systems as well as the concept of self-sovereign data ownership. Secure data sharing and collaboration in healthcare analytics are essential components to harness the power of data for informed decision-making and improved patient outcomes while maintaining patient privacy and data security. Achieving this delicate balance requires a combination of technological solutions, legal frameworks, and best practices to ensure that sensitive healthcare data is shared and analyzed in a secure and ethical manner as discussed in this chapter.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
In the early months of 2020, a fast-spreading outbreak was brought about by the new virus SARS-CoV-2. The uncontrolled spread, which led to a pandemic, illustrated the healthcare system’s slow response time to public health emergencies at that time. Blockchain technology was anticipated to be crucial in the effort to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In that review, many potential blockchain applications were discovered; however, the majority of them were still in their infancy, and it couldn’t yet be predicted how they could contribute to the fight against COVID-19 through the use of platforms, access kinds, and consensus algorithms. Modern innovations such as blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) were shown to be promising in limiting the spread of a virus. Blockchain could specifically aid in the battle against pandemics by supporting early epidemic identification, assuring the ordering of clinical information, and maintaining a trustworthy medical chain during disease tracing. AI also offered smart forms of diagnosing coronavirus therapies and supported the development of pharmaceuticals. Blockchain and AI software for epidemic and pandemic containment were analyzed in that research. First, a new conceptual strategy was proposed to tackle COVID-19 through an architecture that fused AI with blockchain. State-of-the-art research on the benefits of blockchain and AI in COVID-19 containment was then reviewed. Recent initiatives and use cases developed to tackle the coronavirus pandemic were also presented. A case study using federated intelligence for COVID-19 identification was also provided. Finally, attention was drawn to problems and prospective directions for further investigation into future coronavirus-like wide-ranging scenarios.
Open access
COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Federated learning (FL) represents an advanced approach to tackling the issues linked with training machine learning (ML) models using distributed data while upholding privacy and security. It functions by enabling collaborative model training across a network of edge devices or servers, all without the need to transfer raw data. In place of sending data to a central server, which could potentially compromise privacy, federated learning empowers individual devices to conduct local training on their respective data. These updates are subsequently combined to develop an enhanced global model over multiple iteration. Additionally, as artificial intelligence (AI) becomes pervasive in novel application areas, concerns about the privacy of data and users are on the rise. This article offers an in-depth analysis of the advancements in FL, covering a wide array of topics including methodologies, applications, and challenges. By sidestepping the need to transfer raw data and instead focusing on sharing model updates or gradients, FL ensures the preservation of privacy and the efficient utilization of resources. Additionally, we investigate the diverse spectrum of application domains where FL holds significance. Instances encompass healthcare, finance, agriculture, education, Internet of Things (IoT), and industrial processes, all benefiting from the capacity of federated learning to harness data from decentralized sources without compromising data security. This article addresses complications such as model diversity, Non-IID (independent and identically distributed) data distribution, communication complexities, and security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we discuss considerations related to regulatory compliance and ethics within the context of federated learning, particularly as data privacy regulations intensify.
Open access
Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Khulekani Sibanda, Patrick Ndayizigamiye, Hossana Twinomurinzi
Introduction: In the big data era, where corporations commodify health data, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) present a transformative avenue for patient empowerment and control. NFTs are unique digital assets on the blockchain, representing ownership of digital objects, including health data. By minting their data as NFTs, patients can track access, monetize its use, and build secure, private health information systems. However, research on NFTs in healthcare is in its infancy, warranting a comprehensive review. Methods: This study conducted a systematic literature review and thematic analysis of NFTs in healthcare to identify use cases, design models, and key challenges. Five multidisciplinary research databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE Explore, Elsevier Science Direct) were searched. The approach involved four stages: paper collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria application, screening, full-text reading, and quality assessment. A classification and coding framework was employed. Thematic analysis followed six steps: data familiarization, initial code generation, theme searching, theme review, theme definition/naming, and report production. Results: Analysis of 19 selected papers revealed three primary use cases: patient-centric data management, supply chain management for data provenance, and digital twin development. Notably, most solutions were prototypes or frameworks without real-world implementations. Four overarching themes emerged: data governance (ownership, tracking, privacy), data monetization (commercialization, incentivization, sharing), data protection, and data storage. The focus lies on user-controlled, private, and secure health data solutions. Additionally, data commodification is explored, with mechanisms proposed to incentivize data maintenance and sharing. NFTs are also suggested for tracking medical products in supply chains, ensuring data integrity and provenance. Ethereum and similar platforms dominate NFT minting, while compact NFT storage options are being explored for faster data access. Conclusion: NFTs offer significant potential for secure, traceable, decentralized healthcare data exchange systems. However, challenges exist, including dependence on blockchain, interoperability issues, and associated costs. The review identified research gaps, such as developing dual ownership models and data pricing strategies. Building an open standard for interoperability and adoption is crucial. The scalability, security, and privacy of NFT-backed healthcare applications require further investigation. Thus, this study proposes a research agenda for adopting NFTs in healthcare, focusing on governance, storage models, and perceptions.
Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Biomedical and Engineering Education
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Recent advances in the field of large language models (LLMs), particularly the ChatGPT family, have given rise to a powerful and versatile machine interlocutor, packed with knowledge and challenging our understanding of learning. This interlocutor is a double-edged sword: it can be harnessed for a wide variety of beneficial tasks, but it can also be used to cause harm. This study explores the complicated interaction between ChatGPT and the growing problem of cryptocurrency fraud. Although ChatGPT is known for its adaptability and ethical considerations when used for harmful purposes, we highlight the deep connection that may exist between ChatGPT and fraudulent actions in the volatile cryptocurrency ecosystem. Based on our categorization of cryptocurrency frauds, we show how to influence outputs, bypass ethical terms, and achieve specific fraud goals by manipulating ChatGPT prompts. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the importance of realizing that ChatGPT could be a valuable instructor even for novice fraudsters, as well as understanding and safely deploying complex language models, particularly in the context of cryptocurrency frauds. Finally, our study underlines the importance of using LLMs responsibly and ethically in the digital currency sector, identifying potential risks and resolving ethical issues. It should be noted that our work is not intended to encourage and promote fraud, but rather to raise awareness of the risks of fraud associated with the use of ChatGPT.
R. Vijay Sai, B. G. Geetha, A Hariharan, A Haripriya · 5 authors
Enhancing the security, effectiveness, and transparency of healthcare data, distributed ledger technology like blockchain holds the potential to completely transform the healthcare sector. Sensitive patient information is more difficult for bad actors to bre ach thanks to the SHA-256 algorithm, which improves data security. Standardized data formats and smart contracts make it easier for disparate healthcare systems to communicate with one another. Block chain deployment in the healthcare sector is not without its challenges, though, including user uptake, scalability, and regulatory compliance. By highlighting the potential benefits and difficulties of incorporating block chain technology in healthcare management systems, this study provides significant insights into the evolving landscape of healthcare data management.
Medical healthcare centers are envisioned as a promising paradigm to handle vast data for various disease diagnoses using artificial intelligence. Traditional Machine Learning algorithms have been used for years, putting the sensitivity of patients' medical data privacy at risk. Collaborative data training, where multiple hospitals (nodes) train and share encrypted federated models, solves the issue of data leakage and unites resources of small and large hospitals from distant areas. This study introduces an innovative framework that leverages blockchain-based Federated Learning to identify 15 distinct lung diseases, ensuring the preservation of privacy and security. The proposed model has been trained on the NIH Chest Ray dataset (112 120 X-Ray images), tested, and evaluated, achieving test accuracy of 92.86%, a latency of 43.518625 ms, and a throughput of 10034017 bytes/s. Furthermore, we expose our framework blockchain to stringent empirical tests against leading cyber threats to evaluate its robustness. With resilience metrics consistently nearing 87% against three evaluated cyberattacks, the proposed framework demonstrates significant robustness and potential for healthcare applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper on the practical implementation of blockchain-empowered FL with such data and several diseases, including multiple disease coexistence detection.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
The rapid advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across critical sectors — including healthcare, finance, defense, and infrastructure — have exposed an often-overlooked risk: vulnerabilities within the AI supply chain. This research examines the security challenges and potential threats affecting AI model development and deployment, focusing on adversarial attacks, data poisoning, model theft, and compromised third-party components. By dissecting the AI supply chain into its core stages — data sourcing, model training, deployment, and maintenance — this study identifies key entry points for malicious actors. The paper proposes a multi-layered security framework combining blockchain-based data provenance, federated learning for decentralized model training, and zero-trust architecture to ensure secure deployment. Additionally, it explores how adversarial training, model watermarking, and real-time anomaly detection can mitigate risks without sacrificing model performance. Case studies of high-profile AI breaches are analyzed to demonstrate the consequences of unsecured pipelines, emphasizing the urgency of securing AI systems.
Open access
Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Giuseppe Rovere, Francesco Bosco, Angelo Miceli, Salvatore Ratano · 10 authors
Blockchain technology has gained popularity since the invention of Bitcoin in 2008. It offers a decentralized and secure system for managing and protecting data. In the healthcare sector, where data protection and patient privacy are crucial, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize various aspects, including patient data management, orthopedic registries, medical imaging, research data, and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This manuscript explores the applications of blockchain in orthopedics and highlights its benefits. Furthermore, the combination of blockchain with artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and deep learning can enable more accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations. AI algorithms can learn from large datasets stored on the blockchain, leading to advancements in automated clinical decision-making. Overall, blockchain technology has the potential to enhance data security, interoperability, and collaboration in orthopedics. While there are challenges to overcome, such as adoption barriers and data sharing willingness, the benefits offered by blockchain make it a promising innovation for the field.
Open access
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Stephan Rau, Alexander Rau, Johanna Nattenmüller, Anna Maria Fink · 7 authors
BACKGROUND: We investigated the potential of an imaging-aware GPT-4-based chatbot in providing diagnoses based on imaging descriptions of abdominal pathologies. METHODS: Utilizing zero-shot learning via the LlamaIndex framework, GPT-4 was enhanced using the 96 documents from the Radiographics Top 10 Reading List on gastrointestinal imaging, creating a gastrointestinal imaging-aware chatbot (GIA-CB). To assess its diagnostic capability, 50 cases on a variety of abdominal pathologies were created, comprising radiological findings in fluoroscopy, MRI, and CT. We compared the GIA-CB to the generic GPT-4 chatbot (g-CB) in providing the primary and 2 additional differential diagnoses, using interpretations from senior-level radiologists as ground truth. The trustworthiness of the GIA-CB was evaluated by investigating the source documents as provided by the knowledge-retrieval mechanism. Mann-Whitney U test was employed. RESULTS: The GIA-CB demonstrated a high capability to identify the most appropriate differential diagnosis in 39/50 cases (78%), significantly surpassing the g-CB in 27/50 cases (54%) (p = 0.006). Notably, the GIA-CB offered the primary differential in the top 3 differential diagnoses in 45/50 cases (90%) versus g-CB with 37/50 cases (74%) (p = 0.022) and always with appropriate explanations. The median response time was 29.8 s for GIA-CB and 15.7 s for g-CB, and the mean cost per case was $0.15 and $0.02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The GIA-CB not only provided an accurate diagnosis for gastrointestinal pathologies, but also direct access to source documents, providing insight into the decision-making process, a step towards trustworthy and explainable AI. Integrating context-specific data into AI models can support evidence-based clinical decision-making. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: A context-aware GPT-4 chatbot demonstrates high accuracy in providing differential diagnoses based on imaging descriptions, surpassing the generic GPT-4. It provided formulated rationale and source excerpts supporting the diagnoses, thus enhancing trustworthy decision-support. KEY POINTS: • Knowledge retrieval enhances differential diagnoses in a gastrointestinal imaging-aware chatbot (GIA-CB). • GIA-CB outperformed the generic counterpart, providing formulated rationale and source excerpts. • GIA-CB has the potential to pave the way for AI-assisted decision support systems.
Open access
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education