R. Vijay Sai, B. G. Geetha, A Hariharan, A Haripriya · 5 authors
Enhancing the security, effectiveness, and transparency of healthcare data, distributed ledger technology like blockchain holds the potential to completely transform the healthcare sector. Sensitive patient information is more difficult for bad actors to bre ach thanks to the SHA-256 algorithm, which improves data security. Standardized data formats and smart contracts make it easier for disparate healthcare systems to communicate with one another. Block chain deployment in the healthcare sector is not without its challenges, though, including user uptake, scalability, and regulatory compliance. By highlighting the potential benefits and difficulties of incorporating block chain technology in healthcare management systems, this study provides significant insights into the evolving landscape of healthcare data management.
There are more and more issues related to food safety and pollution risk, and efficient traceability solutions are urgently required. Through traceability, the source of food can be traced efficiently and held accountable to improve food safety. To this end, this article designs an agricultural supply chain traceability mechanism based on Ethereum smart contracts. This mechanism optimizes the blockchain agricultural product traceability process by introducing NFT technology. The experimental results show that the supply chain framework proposed in this article is better than the existing blockchain traceability base standard technology in terms of cost efficiency and traceability efficiency.
The financing of innovative entrepreneurial projects within colleges and universities presents a unique challenge due to the inherent risks associated with nascent ideas and the limitations of traditional funding channels. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized architecture and transparent ledger system, offers a promising solution to these challenges. By leveraging blockchain, academic institutions can enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of the financing process for entrepreneurial ventures. This paper explores the application of blockchain technology in the financing model of university-based entrepreneurial projects, examining its potential benefits, challenges, and implications. Through a comprehensive review of literature, case studies, and theoretical frameworks, we elucidate the mechanisms through which blockchain can facilitate funding, foster collaboration among stakeholders, and democratize access to capital. Moreover, we discuss the unique characteristics of blockchain technology and its alignment with the values and objectives of academic entrepreneurship. While blockchain holds immense potential to transform the financing landscape, its adoption also presents regulatory, scalability, and governance challenges that require careful consideration. By contributing to the discourse on blockchain, entrepreneurship, and academia, this paper aims to inform policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs about the transformative potential of blockchain in shaping the future of innovation and education.
In the tourism industry, big data has emerged as a revolutionizing the way businesses operate and travelers experience destinations. With the vast amount of data generated from online bookings, social media interactions, and mobile applications, tourism companies can gain valuable insights into traveler preferences, behavior patterns, and market trends. This paper proposes a development strategy for the tourism industry in the post-epidemic situation, leveraging network big data analysis with Multi-Factor Hashing Ethereum Classification (MFH-EC). By harnessing the power of network big data, this strategy aims to provide insights into changing traveler preferences, market dynamics, and risk factors in the wake of the pandemic. The MFH-EC model facilitates the classification and analysis of diverse factors influencing tourism development, including economic indicators, health and safety measures, environmental conditions, and traveler sentiment. Through simulated experiments and empirical validations, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is assessed, demonstrating significant improvements in predictive accuracy and decision-making capabilities. For instance, the MFH-EC model achieved an 80% accuracy rate in predicting tourism demand shifts and a 30% reduction in forecasting errors compared to traditional methods. These results underscore the potential of network big data analysis with MFH-EC in guiding strategic decision-making and fostering sustainable recovery and growth in the tourism industry post-epidemic.
Ateeq Ur Rehman, Nargis Tariq, Mian Ahmad Jan, Fazlullah Khan · 6 authors
In recent years, the healthcare industry has undergone a digital transformation, making patient data publicly available and accessible. Healthcare units make a portion of the data public while keeping the rest private, necessitating various mechanisms for security and privacy. Blockchain technology has been widely adopted in the healthcare sector to secure data transactions. However, public blockchains face challenges in scalability and privacy, whereas private blockchains struggle with centralization, interoperability, and complexity. To address these challenges, we propose an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-based hybrid blockchain architecture. The proposed architecture combines the decentralized Ethereum and the centralized Hyperledger Fabric blockchain (Eth-Fab) using SQLite to leverage Ethereum smart contracts with the Hyperledger permission model. Moreover, we introduce access control strategies to enhance patient data authentication and authorization. We have employed machine learning algorithms to assist healthcare practitioners in accurately detecting diseases and making time-efficient decisions. Additionally, we modeled the proposed architecture using the M/M/1 queuing model and derived closed-form expressions for latency, throughput, and server utilization. The validity of these expressions was verified through Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate that higher service times (block generation) yield better outcomes in terms of latency, throughput, and utilization, regardless of the arrival time, i.e., transactions in the mining pool.
As the volume of healthcare and medical data increases from diverse sources, real-world scenarios involving data sharing and collaboration have certain challenges, including the risk of privacy leakage, difficulty in data fusion, low reliability of data storage, low effectiveness of data sharing, etc. To guarantee the service quality of data collaboration, this paper presents a privacy-preserving Healthcare and Medical Data Collaboration Service System combining Blockchain with Federated Learning, termed FL-HMChain. This system is composed of three layers: Data extraction and storage, data management, and data application. Focusing on healthcare and medical data, a healthcare and medical blockchain is constructed to realize data storage, transfer, processing, and access with security, real-time, reliability, and integrity. An improved master node selection consensus mechanism is presented to detect and prevent dishonest behavior, ensuring the overall reliability and trustworthiness of the collaborative model training process. Furthermore, healthcare and medical data collaboration services in real-world scenarios have been discussed and developed. To further validate the performance of FL-HMChain, a Convolutional Neural Network-based Federated Learning (FL-CNN-HMChain) model is investigated for medical image identification. This model achieves better performance compared to the baseline Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), having an average improvement of 4.7% on Area Under Curve (AUC) and 7% on Accuracy (ACC), respectively. Furthermore, the probability of privacy leakage can be effectively reduced by the blockchain-based parameter transfer mechanism in federated learning between local and global models.
The metaverse, a collective virtual shared space combining virtual reality, augmented reality, and the internet, presents a new frontier for entrepreneurship and disruptive business opportunities. This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the metaverse landscape, analyzing the evolution of virtual worlds, major metaverse platforms, and user adoption trends. It identifies and evaluates various entrepreneurial opportunities within the metaverse ecosystem, including virtual real estate development and digital asset trading, virtual commerce and e-commerce, virtual experiences and entertainment, as well as decentralized finance (DeFi) applications leveraging blockchain technology. While the metaverse offers substantial prospects, the paper critically examines the challenges and risks associated with metaverse entrepreneurship. These encompass legal and regulatory complexities surrounding intellectual property, privacy, and taxation; technical hurdles such as interoperability, scalability, and cybersecurity; economic uncertainties regarding volatile asset markets and sustainable revenue models; and social and ethical implications related to potential addiction, inclusivity, and environmental impact. The paper further outlines strategic approaches and best practices for entrepreneurs seeking to navigate the metaverse successfully. These include identifying viable business opportunities, building strong virtual brand identities, leveraging emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, fostering community engagement, pursuing strategic collaborations, and embracing continuous innovation. Through a synthesis of existing literature and case studies, the paper offers actionable recommendations for entrepreneurs and policymakers to foster a responsible and sustainable metaverse ecosystem. It acknowledges limitations and suggests avenues for future research, such as industry-specific studies, ethical frameworks, and longitudinal investigations into the metaverse's societal impacts. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis aims to provide a thorough understanding of the metaverse's potential for entrepreneurship, while equipping stakeholders with insights and strategies to navigate the opportunities and challenges within this rapidly evolving virtual realm.
Intelligent lighting systems achieve high energy efficiency through precise control and serve as vital tools for reducing carbon emissions, providing essential data for carbon trading. However, data exchange between the lighting system and the carbon trading system presents several challenges. For instance, data may be maliciously tampered with, and frequent unauthorized access threatens the normal operation of carbon trading. Therefore, this paper proposes a security framework for intelligent lighting systems based on blockchain technology. The framework utilizes a dual-chain structure of Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum to address the issues of blockchain storage expansion and transaction efficiency, employing smart contracts to ensure the effective processing of lighting data. The security requirements for intelligent lighting data are thoroughly studied and analyzed. Additionally, this paper presents a key distribution scheme based on the RSA encryption algorithm to ensure trusted access control within the system. Through detailed analysis and practical verification of the scheme's security and performance, the framework not only effectively prevents data tampering but also ensures data authenticity and the smooth operation of the system during carbon trading, providing robust support for the security and privacy protection of intelligent lighting systems.
Abstract As an important cornerstone of future digital civilization, smart contracts are being increasingly used in blockchain finance in innovative practice, and whether smart contracts have legal effect has become a question that academia must answer. This paper discusses the legal impact and application of smart contracts under the contract layer in the blockchain architecture, with a vision of an administrative legal system. Based on the operation principle of smart contracts, a method for detecting smart contract vulnerabilities that combines Glove word embedding and the Shapelet-Transform algorithm is proposed to improve data security during the fulfillment process. Finally, the smart contract model constructed in this paper is applied to the supply chain of agricultural products, and the legal effects of the smart contract are analyzed using practical examples. The transaction volume of unqualified agricultural products decreased from 19.4545 to 13.4655, which is lower than the production volume. The credit index of the smart contract model has increased, resulting in a shortened node performance time from 0.25s to 0.2s.
Ivan Ivanovich Kiryushin, Igor' Petrovich Ivanov, Viktor Vladimirovich Timofeev, D Yu Zhmurko
This article explores the possibilities of using blockchain technology in police work. Examples of the use of blockchain in various areas of police activity, such as personal data management, control of drug trafficking and other prohibited substances, traffic monitoring and the fight against cybercrime, are considered. The authors note that thanks to the storage of data in the blockchain, it becomes possible to increase the protection of the confidentiality of personal information, ensure transparency and efficiency of police work, as well as prevent fraud and corruption. The conclusion of the article emphasizes that the use of blockchain can improve the work of the police and ensure greater security of citizens. Distributed ledger technology, or blockchain as a service (BaaS) is indeed a relatively new product on the market that allows you to provide blockchain services for corporate clients. This solution allows you to use more reliable and secure methods of data processing and transaction management within the organization. All these economic effects can lead to a reduction in costs and an increase in the efficiency of the police. In general, the use of blockchain technology in the police can have a number of advantages, such as increasing transparency and accountability, reducing data processing time and combating data falsification. However, it is necessary to take into account some risks, such as the possibility of data privacy violations, as well as difficulties in integrating with existing systems and training personnel. In general, the introduction of blockchain technology into the police requires careful analysis and an approach that takes into account all aspects of the use of technology and its impact on the organization.
Open access
Advanced Technologies in Various Fields
Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges
In the process of technology promoting the transformation towards digitalization, both blockchain technology and supply chain finance emerge as hot topics. Blockchain technology, characterized by decentralization, immutability, transparency, security, and programmability, addresses the risk consider
According to the rapid development of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, a talent evaluation system was developed in this study based on blockchain technology. The system was an accurate, transparent, and secure tool for industry and education. An evaluation system was developed, too for distributed identity verification, decentralized skill authentication, and smart contracts. It was designed based on the result of the analysis of the industrial structure and talent demand of the Greater Bay Area. Several determination criteria were used to improve the accuracy and uniqueness of the evaluation. Blockchain technology was used to ensure the compatibility of the information with the incentive mechanism to enhance transparency. Smart contracts were used for the automation of the evaluation process to optimize the evaluation efficiency. A simulation was carried out with the hash value of the blockchain's distributed ledger, the skill-matching degree parameters, and academic authenticity parameters to ensure the safe transmission and storage of private information. The results showed that the application of the blockchain-based talent evaluation system met the industry's demand for high-quality talent and provided intuitive and comprehensive feedback for educational institutions and the in-depth development of the integration of industry and education. The system, as an advanced blockchain technology, provides theoretical guidance for the integration of industry and education and a solid foundation for the innovative development of talent cultivation.
This study aims to explore supply chain finance risk management leveraging blockchain technology. Supply chain finance, integral to business progression, contends with several risks, such as credit risk, liquidity risk, and information asymmetry. Blockchain technology, celebrated for its decentralization, security, and transparency, emerges as a solution for these challenges. After a thorough literature review on supply chain finance and blockchain technology, we delve into the practical implications of blockchain in this domain. Our newly proposed blockchain-based supply chain finance risk management model gets underscored, discussing its pivotal elements like smart contracts, distributed ledger, and data encryption. In testing our model, we observed a 35% reduction in credit risk incidents, a 50% increase in supply chain transparency, and a 20% cut in transaction costs. These tangible results validate the profound advantages of integrating blockchain in supply chain finance risk management.
Shahabeddin Abhari, Plinio Pelegrini Morita, Pedro Augusto Da Silva E. Souza Miranda, Ali Garavand · 6 authors
Introduction: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that are verified using blockchain technology to ensure authenticity and ownership. NFTs have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by addressing various issues in the industry. Method: The goal of this study was to identify the applications of NFTs in healthcare. Our scoping review was conducted in 2023. We searched the Scopus, IEEE, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane scientific databases using related keywords. The article selection process was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 13 articles were chosen. Then extracted data was summarized and reported. The most common application of NFTs in healthcare was found to be in health data management with 46% frequency, followed by supply chain management with 31% frequency. Furthermore, Ethereum is the main blockchain platform that is applied in NFTs in healthcare with 70%. Discussion: The findings from this review indicate that the NFTs that are currently used in healthcare could transform it. Also, it appears that researchers have not yet investigated the numerous potentials uses of NFTs in the healthcare field, which could be utilized in the future.
Mazin Abed Mohammed, Abdullah Lakhan, Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem, Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani · 9 authors
INTRODUCTION: The Industrial Internet of Water Things (IIoWT) has recently emerged as a leading architecture for efficient water distribution in smart cities. Its primary purpose is to ensure high-quality drinking water for various institutions and households. However, existing IIoWT architecture has many challenges. One of the paramount challenges in achieving data standardization and data fusion across multiple monitoring institutions responsible for assessing water quality and quantity. OBJECTIVE: This paper introduces the Industrial Internet of Water Things System for Data Standardization based on Blockchain and Digital Twin Technology. The main objective of this study is to design a new IIoWT architecture where data standardization, interoperability, and data security among different water institutions must be met. METHODS: We devise the digital twin-enabled cross-platform environment using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol to achieve seamless interoperability in heterogeneous computing. In water management, we encounter different types of data from various sensors. Therefore, we propose a CNN-LSTM and blockchain data transactional (BCDT) scheme for processing valid data across different nodes. RESULTS: Through simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed IIoWT architecture significantly reduces processing time while improving the accuracy of data standardization within the water distribution management system. CONCLUSION: Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive approach to tackle the challenges of data standardization and security in the IIoWT architecture.
We consider the problem of researcher output identification and its verification.Nowadays, researcher outputs verification is a challenging problem faced by institutions that want, for example, employ such a researcher.Usually, there is no verification, and the aforementioned institutions rely on trust that the received documents are authentic.Our solution is a based on blockchain technology, a public ledger with smart contracts, that is the root of emerging web3.We use the public wallet address as the researcher identification number and the wallet as the store of all researcher credentials.This paper presents ERC-721 standard-based solution and addresses the conference certification case.The solution proposed in this paper addresses two challenges that arise in collecting and verifying data on research output for managing, monitoring, and evaluating purposes.We show that the public wallet address can be successfully used as the researcher identification number, and the wallet can be used as a vault of all the researcher credentials.
The maritime industry has faced several challenges related to inefficiency, fraud, and compliance in both marine engineering and shipping logistics. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable nature, offers a transformative solution for enhancing transparency, security, and operational efficiency across these sectors. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology into marine engineering practices, such as vessel maintenance, and shipping logistics, including cargo tracking and document management. Through blockchain’s distributed ledger system, stakeholders can ensure real-time, transparent data sharing, reducing human errors and delays while improving the security of maritime transactions. This research evaluates current blockchain applications, identifies barriers to adoption, and discusses the potential of blockchain to drive future innovations in maritime operations.
Many facets of contemporary life may be drastically altered by the confluence of AI, IoT, Big Data, and Blockchain. When combined, these technologies hold the promise of providing robust, safe, and efficient solutions to complex problems. To better serve customers, streamline internal operations, and maximise available resources, AI could examine the mountains of data produced by Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Businesses now have the power to make data-driven choices in real time because to Big Data technology's ability to store, handle, and understand this data. By making transactions transparent and immutable on a distributed ledger, blockchain technology may improve the safety of these systems. Safer and more efficient methods of data exchange and cooperation may also be simpler to implement through decentralised networks. The impacts of integrating blockchain, big data, the internet of things (IoT), and AI are investigated in-depth in this paper. The objective is to comprehend the potential benefits and challenges brought on by the combination of these cutting-edge technologies. Manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and the financial industry are among those studied in order to assess the revolutionary consequences of integrating AI, IoT, Big Data, and the Blockchain. The study's findings add to our understanding of the synergistic potential of artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), big data (Big Data), and blockchain technologies, and they provide direction to firms seeking to use this potential.
The rapid development of innovative Internet technology, represented by blockchain technology, has made de-intermediation finance feasible, significantly improved the availability of financing for the integration of small and medium-sized industries and universities, and reduced the financing cost of the integration of small and medium-sized industries and universities, so as to promote industrial transformation and upgrading through financial innovation. However, the development of talent training in supply chain finance in China is facing development bottlenecks such as information asymmetry, difficulty in verifying trade authenticity, and data security issues. With the rise of blockchain technology, people find that it has the characteristics of traceability, non-tampering, decentralization and so on, which can well solve the problems that hinder the training and development of supply chain financial talents. The financial platform built by using blockchain technology can optimize the convenience, timeliness and accuracy of the process in the transaction, reduce the possibility of dishonest behavior in the transaction, improve the convenience of trade financing, and establish a more high-quality and information-symmetric transaction mode for the society. Starting from the constraints of traditional supply chain finance talent training, this paper analyzes and summarizes the main development models of supply chain finance talent training at present, points out the core problems, and then studies the feasibility, value and significance of the application of blockchain technology in supply chain finance talent training from a theoretical perspective.
With the continuous expansion of educational view, blockchain technology develops into the cutting-edge applied science and technology of educational information construction. Blockchain technology can effectively solve such problems as information security and trust crisis in the current application of big data in online education by virtue of its characteristics of decentralization, traceability, multi-party consensus mechanism, and high trust. Blockchain technology is conducive to protecting online educational resources, strengthening the transparency of online teaching resources, simplifying the copyright transaction process, and thus enhancing the scientific and technological innovation ability of teachers. Studies regarding the blockchain technology application in education were analyzed, and the influences of the four aspects of the blockchain technology application in education on online teaching resource sharing were explored. Results showed that the Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire designed in this research was 0.856, and the KMO value was 0.859, indicating its good reliability and validity. The cross-institutional learning record storage space, learning certificate management mechanism, and collaboratively developed educational ecosystem of the blockchain technology application in education obviously promoted online teaching resource sharing at a significance level of 5%. The results are important reference values for strengthening the integration of educational resources under blockchain technology, improving the application mechanism of online digital educational resources, and improving the accurate service quality of online educational resources.
Md Ariful Islam Mozumder, Tagne Poupi Theodore A., Rashadul Islam Sumon, Shah Muhammad Imtiyaj Uddin · 6 authors
The metaverse combines the real world and the virtual world, allowing people to interact with their avatars in a setting supported by cutting-edge technologies like 5G or 6G internet, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality, blockchain, digital twins, internet of things, and artificial intelligence (AI), all of which are enhanced by practically limitless data. The metaverse, a term coined to describe the virtual world instead of physical worlds, has the potential to revolutionize general healthcare. The Metaverse already provides opportunities for remote patient care, medical education, surgeries training, anti-aging healthcare, and medical research opportunities with implementation. According to the studies, the metaverse in medical domain revenue is expected to reach $640B by 2027. Different fields such as the financial industry, manufacturing industry, media, entertainment, etc. are taking advantage of healthcare tools to bring state-of-the-art technology into their domain. In this study, we are going to discuss the current state of metaverse technology in digital healthcare and its uses in the metaverse. We will also discuss the challenges that the metaverse presents for the healthcare industry. Also, we will conclude with a discussion of the future of metaverse in healthcare and the potential impact it could have on the delivery of healthcare services. Finally, this paper aims to provide an XAI, BC, and Immersive technology-based framework for metaverse healthcare and its potential to improve patient outcomes and transform the healthcare industry.
Decentralization, autonomy, integrity, immutability, verification, fault-tolerance, anonymity, auditability, and transparency are desirable characteristics of blockchain technology. Blockchain technology originated from Bitcoin which is one of the applications of digital currency. From a financial point of view, it is a distributed data storage system. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the current research status in this field, and further sort out the deficiencies of current research and future development direction. This article describes the definition of blockchain technology and hash algorithm first. Besides, it also shows some applications including supply chain finance, digital ticket, and digital currency in the financial field. Privacy and risk are the key points to worry about. This article also introduces how to protect user privacy in supply chain finance. This article analyzes how blockchain effectively protects user privacy from banks and non-banks. It is difficult to take into account all three features of blockchain: security, scalability, and decentralization. However, the integration of finance and technology is an increasingly strong trend.