Blockchain Papers

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1,898 papersLast indexed Aug 31, 2026
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Jan 1, 2020·SpringerBriefs in finance
2 cites
Types of Cryptocurrencies

Eline Van der Auwera, Wim Schoutens, Marco Petracco Giudici, Lucia Alessi

No abstract is available for this record.

Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Platforms and Economics
Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·IEEE Access
36 cites
Blockchain-Enabled Integrated Market Platform for Contract Production

Chia‐Hung Liao, Hui-En Lin, Shyan‐Ming Yuan

Contract production and transaction are very common and important since it can greatly reduce future uncertainty and is well-organized by buyers, sellers, and trusted third parties (TTPs). However, current commodity trading systems (such as spot, futures, and forward contract) are still traditional centralized structures, which means that there may always be concerned about the single point of failure and data corruption. Besides, even though there already exists fragmentary decentralized applications (DApps) for the marketplace, order management, resale, delivery, financing, and insurance, they are not integrated for operating contract production and transaction comprehensively. In this work, a blockchain-enabled integrated marketing platform (BeIMP) is proposed for contract production and transactions. BeIMP is a consortium blockchain (CsBc) framework that enables better safety, efficiency, and interoperability among stakeholders. BeIMP can directly match producers and consumers and reduce the problem of intermediaries' improper market operation. BeIMP has a three-tier risk diversification mechanism. First, both parties can know the quantity and price according to the contract specification (CSpec) in advance to avoid future uncertainty. Second, the buyers can resell the established order if they need, thereby diversifying the risk. Third, the concept of insurance is introduced to reduce force majeure and other systemic risks. BeIMP can also help producers get the loan from the financial institution (FI) if they need fund for production. We implement and demonstrate the prototype in contract farming (CF) first and discuss its generalizability to other scenarios. Experiment results show that the smart contract (SC) function is stable enough and the proof of authority (PoA) has the advantage in throughput and can give users a better experience.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Digital Platforms and Economics
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·Perspectives in law, business and innovation
14 cites
The Future of Payments in a DLT-Based European Economy: A Roadmap

Alexander Bechtel, Agata Ferreira, Jonas Groß, Philipp Sandner

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) hasDistributed ledger technologies (DLTs) the potential to address long-standing industrial challenges, remove frictions, build trust, and unlock new value across businesses and industries. It enables decentralization, the immutability of data, transparency, and the automation of business processes. Thereby, it creates a multitude of use cases ranging from energy and manufacturing to mobility and logistics. However, a digitized economy based on DLT can flourish only if it does not merely enable the exchange of assets, goods, and services but also the exchange of money. In other words, there is a need for a payment solution that is compatible with DLT-based decentralized networks and enables transactions denominated in euro. This is particulary relevant in the currently evolving geopolitical environment.

Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Platforms and Economics
Sharing Economy and Platforms
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·University of Vienna
0 cites
Property rights allocation as a means to reduce transaction costs in distributed ledger technology systems

Maximilian Santner

Die Distributed-Ledger-Technologie (DLT) ist ein neues und sich schnell entwickelndes Gebiet. Ihre dezentralisierten und kryptographisch geschützten Strukturen ermöglichen die sichere Übertragung, Speicherung und Validierung von Daten ohne den Einsatz eines Intermediärs. Dies verleiht ihr ein transformatives Potenzial. Industrie und Regierungen haben seinen Wert erkannt, müssen jedoch die bestehenden Strukturen anpassen. Dazu gehört auch das traditionelle Zivilrecht. Die hier vorgestellte interdisziplinäre Forschung befasst sich mit einer spezifischen Reihe von Bemühungen in diesem Bereich. Sie untersucht Bestimmungen des ersten umfassenden zivilrechtlichen Rahmens für DLT-Systeme, des Gesetzes vom 3. Oktober 2019 über Token und VT-Dienstleister (Token- und VT-Dienstleister-Gesetz; TVTG) LGBl-Nr. 2019.301, LR-Nr.: 950.6. Dies geschieht sowohl aus rechtlicher als auch aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht, um ein umfassenderes Verständnis der Implikationen und Herausforderungen der Einführung des Zivilrechts in DLT-Systeme zu gewinnen. Der angewandte theoretische Rahmen ist der der Transaktionskostentheorie. Ziel dieser Bestimmungen ist es, einen rechtlichen Rahmen für DLT-Systeme zu schaffen, der eine zivilrechtliche Grundlage für Token, die Darstellung von Rechten in Token und die Übertragung dieser Token umfasst, Art. 1 Abs. 1 lit. a TVTG. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der Gesetzgeber eine umfassende Definition des Begriffs "Token" vorsieht, die die Inklusion einer grossen Vielfalt von Rechten wie Eigentumsrechte an materiellen Gegenständen, Gesellschaftsrechte, Wertrechte und mehr ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus gelingt es ihm, eine Disparität zwischen den Verfügungen über Rechte in der analogen und der digitalen Welt zu vermeiden, die, wenn sie nicht vermieden wird, zu erheblicher Rechtsunsicherheit führen würde. Dies hat auch ökonomische Auswirkungen. DLT-Systeme senken die Transaktionskosten, am offensichtlichsten durch den Ersatz von Intermediären durch verschlüsselte dezentrale Datenspeicherung und Konsensmechanismen. Das TVTG senkt Transaktionskosten, indem es die Zuordnung von Rechten zwischen der "realen" Welt und digitalen Systemen klärt und damit effiziente und zuverlässige Transaktionen ermöglicht, weleche rechtliches double spending vermeiden. Dies bildet eine wichtige Brücke zwischen dem traditionellen Zivilrecht und DLT-Systemen und fördert die volle Ausschöpfung des Potentials von DLT-Systemen, indem es Rechtssicherheit bietet. Die hier vorgestellte Forschung deckt nur einen kleinen Teil der Fragen ab, die sich im Zusammenhang mit der Anpassung etablierter Rechtssysteme an diese neue Technologie stellen. Der TVTG dient somit als Diskussionspunkt, der die nachfolgende Forschung und Gesetzgebung stark beeinflussen könnte.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Platforms and Economics
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·LUTPub (LUT University)
0 cites
Strategic effects of Distributed Ledger Technology on banking sector in Finland

Lasse Huokuna

Since 2007, the Finnish banking sector has undergone a transformation that has been affected by economic fluctuations, tightening regulation and digitalisation. A new technology architecture solution, Distributed Ledger Technology has emerged since and received a lot of attention. Technology has been described as the biggest revolution since the commercialization of internet. Distributed Ledger Technology have been expected to be highly disruptive especially in the banking sector. The aim of this study is to outline the effects of Distributed Ledger Technology on the Finnish banking sector and its future development. The research is empirical and uses the qualitative Delphi research method to outline the future of the banking industry. The research approaches Distributed Ledger Technology as well as its implications through Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory. The study presents the different definitions for the Distributed Ledger Technology and emphasizes the lack of a coherent universal definition, which complicates the research of the technology. According to the study, Distributed Ledger Technology has major implications for the future development of the Finnish banking sector. The technology is introduced to influence the development of market structure and competition environment, as well as drive banks to review their business models as traditional revenue streams in banking sector are expected to change. The technology is proposed to improve efficiency and change cost structures of banks and thus have a direct strategic impact on the operators in the Finnish banking sector over the next decade.

Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
Digital Platforms and Economics
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·IEEE Access
96 cites
Blockchain Application for Central Banks: A Systematic Mapping Study

Natalia Dashkevich, Steve Counsell, Giuseppe Destefanis

Blockchain is a novel technology capturing the attention of Central Banks and a technology with significant disruptive potential. However, a gap in research effort between practitioners and academics seems to have emerged. This paper analyses and maps that gap by exploring trends in peer-reviewed research contributions through thematic categorisation of academic literature on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) use-cases for services, operations and functions performed by central banks. Furthermore, this paper provides summaries of opportunities and challenges for central banks arising from blockchain adaptation to each of those use-cases. To achieve this goal, we utilise a Systematic Mapping Study approach. The paper presents an in-depth assessment of statistical and thematic analysis of research maturity and the types of researchers, with specific emphasis on types of central bank use-cases considered for blockchain adaptation. Our work contributes to an understanding of where the most or least attention is directed, allowing for identification of gaps and opportunities for both academics, practitioners and combinations of each. Results show that the research topic is a comparatively new domain. It confirms the gap between depth and volume of the research provision from industry and academia, with industry leading the trend. Our study also found that the most research-intensive use-cases are those for: 1) Central Bank issued Digital Currency (CBDC), 2) Regulatory Compliance and 3) Payment Clearing and Settlement Systems (PCS) operated by central banks; a comparatively low engagement was found in the areas of 4) Assets Transfer/Ownership and 5) Audit Trail.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Digital Platforms and Economics
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·Communications in computer and information science
20 cites
Exploring EOSIO via Graph Characterization

Yijing Zhao, Jieli Liu, Qing Han, Weilin Zheng · 5 authors

Designed for commercial decentralized applications (DApps), EOSIO is a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) based blockchain system. It has overcome some shortages of the traditional blockchain systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum with its outstanding features (e.g., free for usage, high throughput and eco-friendly), and thus becomes one of the mainstream blockchain systems. Though there exist billions of transactions in EOSIO, the ecosystem of EOSIO is still relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, we conduct a systematic graph analysis on the early EOSIO by investigating its four major activities, namely account creation, account vote, money transfer and contract authorization. We obtain some novel observations via graph metric analysis, and our results reveal some abnormal phenomenons like voting gangs and sham transactions.

Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Platforms and Economics
Complex Network Analysis Techniques
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·reposiTUm (TU Wien)
1 cites
Comparison of ethereum and NEO as smart contract platforms

Marco Bareis

Aufgrund des Hypes um Bitcoin und Cryptocurrencys haben Blockchains in den letzten Jahren viel Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Aber Cryptocurrencys sind bei weitem nicht die einzige Anwendung der Blockchaintechnologie. Smart Contract, also Applikationen die nach vordefinierten und unveränderbaren Regeln agieren, stellen eine weitere Anwendung dar. Solche Smart Contracts benötigen jedoch spezielle Platformen um ausgeführt werden zu können: so gennante Smart Contract Platforms. Die momentan meistverwendete Plattform is Ethereum, aber es gibt weitere Plattformen die interessante Alternativen darstellen. Eine vielversprechende dieser möglichen Alternativen is NEO. NEO ist in vielen Belangen ähnlich zu Ethereum, aber verspricht gleichzeitig einige Probleme zu lösen, mit denen sich Ethereum momentan konfroniert sieht wie zum Beispiel die schlechte Skalierbarkeit. Literatur, die sich mit den Unterschieden zwischen Ethereum and NEO befasst, ist spärlich. Vor allem NEO wird in der Literatur selten berücksichtigt, und falls NEO behandelt wird, dann passiert dies in der Regel nur oberflächlich. Außerdem haben die meisten Vergleiche und Evaluierungen von Smart Contract Plattformen beziehungsweise von Blockchains keine strukturierte Herangehensweise, sondern verwenden unterschiedliche Kriterien für unterschiedliche Plattformen. Das bedeutet, dass die meiste Literatur zu diesem Thema eine Übersicht der Plattformen darstellt, aber wenig Hilfe bei der Auswahl von Smart Contract Plattformen liefert. Diese Arbeit schließt diese Lücke, indem sie einen detalierten Vergleich von Ethereum und NEO durchführt. Um eine strukturierte Herangehensweise zu gewährleiten, wird in dieser Arbeit ein Kriterienkatalog basierend auf Kritierien in wissenschaftlicher Literatur abgeleitet. Dieser Kriterienkatalog wird anschließend auf die beiden Plattformen Ethereum und NEO angewandt um die für den Vergleich notwendigen Daten zu erhalten, die dazu dienen, die relevanten Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Ethereum und NEO zu identifieren. Des weiteren ermöglicht dies eine Diskussion über die Auswirkungen dieser Unterschiede. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen, dass obwohl Ethereum und NEO auf den ersten Blick sehr ähnlich zu sein scheinen, diese doch markante Unterschiede aufweisen. Die Unterschiede reichen vom allgemeinen Ziel der Plattform über die Reife der Dokumentation und Plattformfeatures bis hin zu praktischen Kritierien wie den Kosten für die Erstellung von Smart Contracts.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Platforms and Economics
Private Equity and Venture Capital
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·Journal of Institutional Economics
22 cites
Is Bitcoin a decentralized payment mechanism?

William J. Luther, Sean Stein Smith

Abstract We make a distinction between centralized, decentralized, and distributed payment mechanisms. A centralized payment mechanism processes a transaction using a trusted third party. A decentralized payment mechanism processes a transaction between the parties to the transaction. A distributed payment mechanism relies on the network of users to process a transaction on a shared ledger. We maintain that bitcoin is neither a centralized nor a decentralized payment mechanism. It is, instead, a distributed payment mechanism. We then consider decentralized and centralized aspects of the broader bitcoin payment space.

Open access
3 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Platforms and Economics
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Original source
Jan 1, 2020·Management Science
112 cites
Economics of Permissioned Blockchain Adoption

Garud Iyengar, Fahad Saleh, Jay Sethuraman, Wenjun Wang

We construct an economic framework for understanding the incentives of the participants of a permissioned blockchain for supply chains and other related industries. Our study aims to determine whether adoption of blockchain is socially beneficial and whether such adoption arises in equilibrium. We find that blockchain reduces information asymmetry for consumers, thereby enhancing consumer welfare. Consumer welfare gains can be sufficiently large that blockchain adoption is socially beneficial; nonetheless, we find that blockchain adoption does not arise in equilibrium. This situation arises because blockchain adoption costs are borne by manufacturers, and manufacturers cannot extract consumer gains through prices due to the competitive nature of the manufacturing sector. We offer a system of transfers to generate blockchain adoption in equilibrium when it is socially beneficial. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This research was partially supported by a seed grant from the Columbia–IBM Center for Blockchain and Data Transparency. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4532 .

Open access
2 source records
Digital Platforms and Economics
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Original source