Blockchain is an expanding piece of technology helping us in designing and development of decentralized distributed solutions. It has impacted many industries by reducing intermediate authorities. So, we decided to explore its feasibility in the Food supply industry. The Food Agro sector has been responsible for several catastrophes, and as the industry expands globally it is strenuous to keep check and credence of and certify the food data. The fertile land for agriculture is diminishing and more yields need to be produced to content the need of the country. We propose a Blockchain based Decentralized market place where we implement a collaborative agro model between farmers and consumers. The farmers will be able to record the potential crops and the anticipated output on his farm land on the decentralized ledger. The consumers can check the information and the farmer integrity based on the previous supplies. This creates a far open and full proof digital market framework for agro-products and will help to reduce hoarding. This research paper explores one possible model of blockchain in the Food Supply Market by creating a breach proof ledger of records. We have used HTML, CSS, Javascript for frontend, Ethereum and Solidity based frameworks for backend working of this model.
Upamanyu Sinha, Abdullah Al Hadi, Tasnimun Faika, Taesic Kim
It is expected that the conventional micro solar inverters can be revolutionized as a result of further investigation of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and cloud computing services by providing continuous monitoring, data exchanging, and optimal operation in smart grid environments. However, there are imminent concerns and challenges regarding cybersecurity from cyber-attacks since the inverters through the IoT devices are always connected to networks such as Internet. The paper explores how blockchain technology could be used for potentially ensure communication and data security of the IoT -enabled micro solar inverters.
The use of Cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) in monitoring the dam site will offer many benefits. In fact, it is very requisite to periodically monitor the quality and level of water in the reservoir and the weather conditions to predict the input flow into the reservoir. Moreover, it is crucial to monitor the dam structure to acquire health and safety condition of the dam infrastructure in real time and prevent the occurrence of events. In this paper, we propose a system architecture composed of a sensor cloud and an UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) cloud designed for the surveillance of a dam site. The sensor cloud provides various sensing data and the UAV cloud collects these data and delivers them to the dam monitoring center (DMC). Our system is based on the Blockchain (BC) technology which provides authentication, storage, data integrity, traceability of the delivery task of the UAV cloud, and payment of the entities that are responsible for the sensing and delivery tasks. A simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the solution.
Internet of things have many applications, one of them is smart homes. The main drawback of IoT that depends on a centralized cloud. The Blockchain approach with a decentralized technique will solve the centralized cloud approach. Smart homes have many security issues, threats, attacks, user privacy, integrity, etc. Blockchain is playing role in many IoT applications also the solution of these security problems. This paper explains the Blockchain in smart home with the main three tiers, how Blockchain can help to secure the data, transaction, also describe the security analysis in IoT smart homes.
In smart city technologies we have witnessed advanced technological improvements in small computing devices, which can be connected to the Internet and named as Internet of Thing (IoT) devices, and cooperatively working complex systems. With this increased use of new technologies, the security problem is becoming more and more important because complex systems lead to unpredictable security vulnerabilities, which result in financial and private information losses. As a recently emerged technology, Blockchain was emerged as an alternative solution to security breaches of a different application environment. In contrast to the central structure used by most systems, it is preferred especially in the area of security by its distributed structure and the cryptographic hash algorithm it uses. Today, structures such as Smart Home, Smart City, Smart Environment and Smart Agriculture, which are created by using IoT are seen as active research areas with more security shortages. The reason for the security weakness in these areas arises from the hardware restriction on the IoT devices used. In the proposed system, an authorization system for IoT devices has been tried to be set up by using the distributed node structure of Blockchain system and blocks kept in these nodes. UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which uses a simple communication model without establishing a connection to the minimum protocol mechanism for communication of nodes in the system, was preferred. The communication between the nodes has been encrypted using encryption methods, thus creating a secure environment.
The growing demand for human-independent comfortable lifestyle has emboldened the development of smart home. A typical keenly intellective home includes many Internet of things contrivances that engender processes and immensely colossal data to efficiently handle its users’ demands. This incrementing demand raises a plethora of concern cognate to a smart home system in terms of scalability, efficiency, and security. All these issues are tedious to manage, and the existing studies lack the granularity for surmounting them. Considering such a requisite of security and efficiency as a quandary at hand, this article presents a secure and efficient smart home architecture, which incorporates the blockchain and the cloud computing technologies for a cumulated solution. Because of the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, it can serve the processing services and make the transaction copy of the collected sensible user data from smart home. To ensure the security of smart home network, our proposed model utilizes the multivariate correlation analysis technique to analyze the network traffic and identify the correlation between traffic features. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture using different parameters like throughput and discovered that blockchain is an efficient security solution for the future Internet of things network.
Data security and privacy are one of the key concerns in the Internet of Things (IoT). Usage of IOT is increasing in the society day-by-day, and security challenges are becoming more and more severe. From a data perspective, IOT data security plays a major role. Some of the sensitive data such as criminal record, military information, the medical record of the patients, etc. Due to the size and other features of IOT, it is almost impossible to create an efficient centralized authentication system. The proposed system focused on IoT security for distributed medical record to provide perimeter security to the patient. Building trust in distributed environments without the need for authorities is a technological advance that has the potential to change many industries, the IOT is one among them. Furthermore, it protects data integrity and availability. It improves the accessibility of data by using the indexing method along with the blockchain. Moreover, it facilitate the utility of tracking the previous history of the patient record using the hyper ledger with authorization.
Francesco Restuccia, Kanhere, Salvatore D'Oro andSalil S., Tommaso Melodia, Sajal Kanta Das
One of the key challenges to the IoT's success is how to secure and anonymize billions of IoT transactions and devices per day, an issue that still lingers despite significant research efforts over the last few years. On the other hand, technologies based on blockchain algorithms are disrupting today's cryptocurrency markets and showing tremendous potential, since they provide a distributed transaction ledger that cannot be tampered with or controlled by a single entity. Although the blockchain may present itself as a cure-all for the IoT's security and privacy challenges, significant research efforts still need to be put forth to adapt the computation-intensive blockchain algorithms to the stringent energy and processing constraints of today's IoT devices. In this paper, we provide an overview of existing literature on the topic of blockchain for IoT, and present a roadmap of research challenges that will need to be addressed to enable the usage of blockchain technologies in the IoT.
Abid Sultan, Muhammad Azhar Mushtaq, Muhammad Abubakar
In the past few years block chain has gained lot of popularity because blockchain is the core technology of bitcoin. Its utilization cases are growing in number of fields such as security of Internet of Things (IoT), banking sector, industries and medical centres. Moreover, IoT has expanded its acceptance because of its deployment in smart homes and city developments round the world. Unfortunately, IoT network devices operate on limited computing power with low storage capacity and network bandwidth. Thus, they are extra close to attacks than other end-point devices such as cell phones, tablets, or PCs. This paper focus on addressing significant security issues of IoT and maps IoT security issues in contradiction of existing solutions found in the literature. Moreover issues that are not solved after implementation of blockchain are highlighted.
Bitcoin (BTC) is an internet-based world's top-ranking cryptocurrency. Among widespread cryptocurrencies available in the market, Bitcoin is most experienced by the people due to anonymity and transparency in the system. Daily trends in the Bitcoin market has gained popularity among the spectators, investors, consumers and many more. Bitcoin price data exhibit desirable properties where some classical time series prediction methods exploit the behavior, producing poor predictions and also lack a probabilistic interpretation. This paper conducts an in-depth study on evolution of Bitcoin and also a systematic review is done on various machine learning algorithms used for predicting the prices. Comparative analysis envisions to select optimal technique to forecast prices more precisely.
Edvard Tijan, Saša Aksentijević, Katarina Ivanić, Mladen Jardas
This paper researches decentralized data storage represented by blockchain technology and the possibility of its development in sustainable logistics and supply chain management. Although the benefits of blockchain technology have been most widely researched in the financial sector, major challenges in logistics, such as order delay, damage to goods, errors, and multiple data entry can also be minimized by introducing blockchain technology. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current and rising trends of blockchain technology usage in logistics and supply chain management.
Designing Internet of Things (IoT) applications faces many challenges including security, massive traffic, high availability, high reliability and energy constraints. Recent distributed computing paradigms, such as Fog and multi-access edge computing (MEC), software-defined networking (SDN), network virtualization and blockchain can be exploited in IoT networks, either combined or individually, to overcome the aforementioned challenges while maintaining system performance. In this paper, we present a framework for IoT that employs an edge computing layer of Fog nodes controlled and managed by an SDN network to achieve high reliability and availability for latency-sensitive IoT applications. The SDN network is equipped with distributed controllers and distributed resource constrained OpenFlow switches. Blockchain is used to ensure decentralization in a trustful manner. Additionally, a data offloading algorithm is developed to allocate various processing and computing tasks to the OpenFlow switches based on their current workload. Moreover, a traffic model is proposed to model and analyze the traffic indifferent parts of the network. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in simulation and in a testbed. Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves higher efficiency in terms of latency and resource utilization.
With the growing use of the internet, new technology came into the existence and it is on the same edge now, where decades ago the internet was. Internet of things (IoT) is facing many security issues. Due to the lack of the security standards, industries are afraid to take a risk with IoT. In the Healthcare industry where data is vast and valuable, it is risky to use IoT with it. It can compromise the patient's security. In this paper, various methods are discussed for Healthcare issues in IoT, by several researchers. Mainly the research work is focused on the different solutions proposed in the healthcare for IoT. At the end, a theoretical analysis of proposed solution is done.
Blockchain is picking up footing and can be named as one of the furthermost basic topics nowadays. This paper introduces a wide review of the present blockchain customs for the Internet of Things (IoT) structures. It begins by outlining the blockchain and delineating the present examinations that arrangement with blockchain progressions. Even though commentators' question about its adaptability, security, and supportability, it has effectively changed numerous people's way of life in a few zones because of its extreme impact on ventures and organizations. The range of square chain applications ranges from budgetary, human services, car, hazard the executives, Internet of things (IoT) to open and social administrations a few investigations center on using the block chain information structure in different applications. For the most part it depicted here human services application and issue dependent on the ebb and flow study, it features open research difficulties and examine conceivable future research headings in the square chain innovations for IoT.
Yes, that's correct! The paper proposes a solution that utilizes blockchain and AI technologies to ensure the secure and transparent distribution of medical drugs across the supply chain. The system employs smart contracts and a Rasa chatbot integrated into a Flutter app to enable ordering and traceability of medicines. Additionally, the system includes a blockchain-based credit evaluation mechanism to enhance the trustworthiness of the supply chain participants. The smart contracts are deployed on a local blockchain provided by Ganache, and the DApp is connected to the blockchain using Web3.js and Truffle framework. The system also includes trade chain and information chain platforms to construct an overall framework of the supply chain system. Platform interaction rules are formulated to standardize the system information exchange format and ensure the stability and efficiency of system interaction. Smart contracts are a type of digital contract that is designed to automatically execute predefined actions when certain conditions are met. In the context of supply chain systems, smart contracts can be used to facilitate and manage transactions between different parties, as well as to ensure the accuracy and integrity of supply chain information. By using smart contracts, supply chain stakeholders can improve the efficiency of their interactions, reduce transaction costs, and enhance the security and reliability of their data. The experimental results show that the proposed system is feasible and comparatively more secure than existing systems. While the system realizes the basic functions of the supply chain, it also promotes the sharing of information between participants and improves its efficiency. Summary of the text: The text discusses the application of blockchain in supply chain management, specifically for product traceability, and mentions the use of smart contracts to automate processes. The problem of drug counterfeiting is highlighted as a particular area where blockchain can provide benefits. The integration of artificial intelligence and Rasa is also briefly mentioned. The text concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development in the practical applications and architectures of blockchain in supply chain management.
In the current era, blockchain based system getting a lot of attention across different industries especially in the domain of supply chain because of its streamlined nature at the same time keep the privacy intact as well as more efficient than the conventional system. However the traditional supply chain faced lot of challenges these days because of the complex networks. Blockchain integrated with IoT framework has the potential to overcome the challenges faced by the conventional systems across industries. Basically the IoT integrated blockchain system provides enough benefits such as connecting the link between the flows in the supply chain to improve the efficiency of the supply chain network, makes the system transparent that can reduce the code of conduct violation throughout the supply chain networks, the immutable properties helps the stakeholders to trace the products throughout the networks. Even though blockchain based system provides enough benefits across industries, so far the implementation rate is very low because of the lack of knowledge about the benefits of blockchain system as well as lack of understanding about how and why it is needed in their fields. In this paper we will highlight the difference between the conventional supply chain as well as blockchain based supply chain and the benefits of implementing blockchain in different sectors such as automotive, pharmaceutical, food industry, retail. This article will highlights the problems currently facing by the above mentioned industries by using the conventional supply chain as well as the solutions to the problems provide the blockchain based systems in those industries. This articles helps the people across sectors to understand the benefits of the blockchain based system in their respect fields as well as implement it to improve the efficiency of the overall system.
Sabyasachi Chakraborty, Satyabrata Aich, Hee‐Cheol Kim
Blockchain, the technology of the future neutrally facilitated the financial transactions in cryptocurrencies by strictly eliminating the need for a governing authority or a management that was required to authorize the transactions based on trust and transparency. The Blockchain Network also follows the principle of absolute privacy and anonymity on the identification of the users associated in a transaction. Since the time of its inception, the Blockchain Technology has undergone research that has demonstrated some various kinds of methods to sort out the access control system of the conventional system. In recent years Blockchain has also shown optimum reliability in multiple sectors such as Smart Home, Healthcare, Banking, Information Storage Management, Security and etc. This work in terms is further concerned to the sector of Smart Healthcare, which has grown to a much affluence regarding the efficient technique of serving and dictating medical health care to the patients with the point of maintaining privacy of the patients' data and also the process of laying out real time accurate and trusted data to the medical practitioners. But in the scenario of Smart Healthcare, the primary concern arises in the fact of Privacy and Security of the data of the patients due to the interoperability of multiple stakeholders in the process. Also, there has been a fact of determining accurate and proper data to the doctors if the concerned subject is out of reach from the in hand medical service. Therefore, this Concern of privacy and also mitigation of the accurate data has been very much managed in the work by regulating, a monitoring and sensing paradigm with accordance to the IOT and the Blockchain as a transaction and access management system and also an appropriate medium for laying out accurate and trusted data for serving with deliberate medical care and benefits to the patients across.
So far Internet has connected humans and now with technological advancements it is inter connecting `Things'. With more globalization and technological advancement, The Internet of Things (IoT) has been matured into self sustaining and evolving technology that has the capacity to change the way how physical and cyber worlds interact. We can also say IoT is about anything that can connect everything. With Involvement of Global Corporations, new IoT-based systems are being proposed in almost every sector which humans have so far envisioned. The thoughts (or Science Fiction) which was once fictional and unbelievable are becoming reality, whatever we desire will be available at touch of our finger someday. Mankind is moving fast towards connected future, where not only autonomous vehicles but entire cities infrastructure will be completely internet connected to support rapid urbanization. To reap the full benefit of IoT, it is imperative that the infrastructure we depend upon is adequate to deliver the services envisioned and has the necessary resilience, robustness and security. IoT can be described as an large scale, heterogeneous, ultra-complex Ecosystem acting as bridge between cyber and physical worlds. Recently, the Distributed Ledger Technology (Blockchain and Block less-different implementation of Data Structures with cryptographic algorithmic functions) has gained much attention in IoT solutions from security perspective. In This Research Paper we have explained the concepts about the functioning of Distributed Ledger Technology with focus on how it can provide security (for System Resiliency) in IoT Ecosystem.
IoT is a new communication paradigm that gains a very high importance in the past few years. This communication paradigm supports various heterogeneous applications in many fields and with the dramatic increase of the number of sensor devices, it becomes a demand. Designing IoT networks faces many challenges that include security, massive traffic, high availability, high reliability and energy constraints. Thus, new communication technologies and paradigms should be deployed for IoT networks to overcome these challenges and achieve high system performance. Distributed computing techniques (e.g. fog and MEC), software defined networking (SDN), network virtualization and blockchain are common recent paradigms that should be deployed for IoT networks, either combined or individually, to achieve the main requirements of the IoT networks at a high system performance. Fog computing is a form of edge computing that has been developed to provide the computing capabilities (e.g. storage and processing) at the edge of the access network. Employing Fog computing in IoT networks, as an intermediate layer between IoT devices and the remote cloud, becomes a demand to make use of the edge computing benefits. In this work, we provide a framework for the IoT system structure that employs an edge computing layer of Fog nodes controlled and managed by SDN network with the blockchain technology to achieve a high level of security for latency sensitive IoT applications. The proposed system employs SDN network with distributed controllers and distributed OpenFlow switches; these switches are enabled with limited computing and processing capabilities. Furthermore, a data offloading algorithm is developed to allocate different processing and computing tasks to the distributed OpenFlow switches with available resources. Moreover, a traffic model is proposed to model and analyze the traffic among different parts of the network. The proposed work achieves various benefits to the IoT network, such as the latency reduction, security improvement and high efficiency of resources utilization. The proposed algorithm is simulated and also the proposed system is experimentally tested over a developed testbed to validate the proposed structure. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves higher efficiency in terms of latency, security and resource utilization.
With the introduction of Bitcoin back in 2008, the cryptocurrency market has evolved erratically and at unprecedented speed. There are approximately 2054 mineable cryptocurrencies as of October 2019 and the cryptocurrencies industry is estimated with a total market capitalization approximately about $219 billion USD in September 2019. Due to the volatility of the cryptocurrency market, it comes with uncertainty for the people who are trying to invest or using them as actual currency. Some of the factors affecting the value of cryptocurrency include the supply and demand of the currency, popularity of the cryptocurrency, political adaptation and restrictions, and speculations of investors. \nThe primary objective of this project is to perform sentiment analysis on the news to determine whether the sentiment of news and events will affect the price of the cryptocurrencies. The aim of this project is to create a system is developed that performs the three tasks: the collection of price time series for multiple cryptocurrencies and information about events and news related to cryptocurrencies, execution of sentiment analysis on the news to determine if the news is positive or negative with respect to the price action of cryptocurrency, last but not least, analysis of sentiment to predict future price projections. \nThe project findings show that there exist certain forms of correlation between news and events and the price of cryptocurrencies. It also shows that extremely positive or negative news could be used to project a potential surge or sudden drop in price. \nRecommendations for future enhancement work or potential research would be to improve the accuracy of the sentiment analysis value by enhancing the classifier.
Every industrial sector has started analysing the ways of utilizing the advancements in cyber physical technologies in their operations. Internet of Things has emerged as a new way of connecting the physical world to the cyber world to obtain tremendous amount of information about the physical world and make it available in the Internet for advanced analytics and business decision making. Thus, IoT promises huge results in terms of revenue, safety, monitoring and management in every business unit of an Enterprise. Block chain has emerged as a key technology in storing data in distributed ledgers which is not possible or extremely difficult to modify or damage. Wherever data security is significant and ensuring the integrity of data is challenging, we may apply Block chain to resolve the issues. This paper analyses the suitability of using Block chain in IoT ecosystems in the first part. The consequences of integrating Block chain with IoT and the opportunities and challenges in this process are discussed in the next part of the paper with use cases. Based on the contemporary challenges and maturity of the technology, this paper concludes the most appropriate set of applications on which Block chain and IoT can function together and it proposes a way of making the best possible outcomes from both the domains.