Micro and decentralized generation of electrical power is an emerging trend in the power industry. Blockchain technology allows decentralized and instant monetary and contractual transactions to occur over peer to peer private and public networks by satisfying cyber security concerns. Both changes have the potential to enable paradigm shift in the field of energy in the coming years. Decentralization in the energy business makes this sector a good playground for blockchain technology. As of now, energy applications of blockchain technology are in conceptual and early stage prototyping levels. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of P2P energy trading related blockchain technology applications and proposes a comprehensive multi-layer energy model architecture for the peer to peer (P2P) energy trading implementations where the use of blockchain technology is integrated. P2P energy trading allows consumers to become prosumers of electricity in a more efficient, trustable, and profitable way. Furthermore, this study demonstrates an Ethereum based blockchain testbed exhibiting blockchain concepts and how they can be used in the field of P2P energy trading within a commodity microgrid using a sample use-case scenario.
Blockchain has been a trending topic in the technology industry for the past few years because of its infrastructure to support a decentralized system as opposed to the conventional centralized server. Smart Contracts as enablers of transactions integrated within blockchain have been used to drive different functionalities on blockchain. Different use cases have been tried to exploit these functionalities with the goal of finding the most effective usage for this revolutionary technology. One possible use case is also trending in the business sector as it fuelled some of the fastest growing businesses of the past years, the sharing economy. This project explores the feasibility of integrating sharing application with blockchain. This decentralized application (DApp) introduces the design and implementation of a Web-based peer-to-peer (P2P) rental application which leverages Ethereum blockchain and Smart contract. It allows users to participate in the transactions as lenders and borrowers to share their unused everyday object in the platform without involvement of a Trusted Third Party (TTP). Trust to this system is enabled by using deposits to increase compliance and loyalty between parties in a contract. As an addition to the basic trade contract, the application also supports disputes resolution with voting and rating system. \nThe end goal of this application is to create a fully functional DApp that promotes self-sovereignty, savings, and security. Users control how their data is being shared and used. Additionally, it requires low transaction fee with no commission, platform, and exchange rate fee. Finally, blockchain is secure because all the transactions are validated by other users and appended into the immutable blockchain.
Decentralized applications (DApps) – digital applications that operate on blockchain and smart contract technologies – have proliferated across diverse industrial sectors. With the recent surge in DApp adoption, we have yet to understand the impetus behind this rapid expansion. Our research aims to bridge this gap by examining the role and extent of peer influence on individual decisions to adopt DApps. Given the inherently peer-to-peer nature of blockchain and the robust sense of community amongst users, this influence is expected to be significant. To identify evidence, we empirically study Ethereum, the world's largest DApp platform. We utilize an unprecedented dataset encompassing the entire lifetime of Ethereum, from inception to the present day. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between DApp adoption and the decisions of proximate peers. We further uncover that the magnitude of peer influence varies depending on network structure characteristics, including network size, density, and the degree of decentralization. These results substantiate the powerful role of peer influence in driving the diffusion of DApps, operating through a variety of mechanisms. Such insights could offer valuable guidance for industry practitioners to devise targeted marketing strategies that capitalize on this peer influence to optimize DApp adoption rates.
Centralized network solution have been around for a long time, despite having a considerable issue of trust, in which users need to rely on the implementation of the system. During unfortunate incidents such as centralized server hacking attacks, users' data can be stolen and distorted, as well as not available while requested. Blockchain is discovered and believed to be a distributed network solution which can mitigate the above issue. \n \nThis bachelor's thesis studies how blockchain network can be integrated into a social financial mobile application. The research is completed by developing a smart contract and connect it with the mobile application. The smart contract is written in the Solidity programming language and run on the Ethereum network.
Since it takes time and effort to put a new product or service on the market, one would like to predict whether it will be a success. In general this is not possible, but it is possible to follow best practices in order to maximize the chance of success. A smart contract is intended to encode business logic and is therefore at the heart of every new business on the Ethereum blockchain. We have investigated how to measure the success of smart contracts, and whether successful smart contracts have characteristics that less successful smart contracts lack. The appearance of a smart contract on a listing website such as Etherscan or StateoftheDapps is such a characteristic. In this paper, we present a three-pronged analysis of the relative success of listed smart contracts. First, we have used statistical analysis on the publicly visible transaction history of the Ethereum blockchain to determine that listed contracts are significantly more successful than their unlisted counterparts. Next, we have conducted a survey among more than 200 developers via an anonymous online survey about their experience with the listing process. A significant majority of respondents do not believe that listing a contract itself contributes to its success, but they believe that the extra attention that is typically paid in tandem with the listing process does contribute. Finally, based on the respondents' answers, we have drafted 10 recommendations for developers and validated them by submitting them to an international panel of experts.
In traditional cloud computing system, searchable encryption is deemed as a core technology to realize data confidentiality protection and information retrieval functions. However, the online payment problem and mutual distrust between cloud platforms and users may hinder the wide adoption of cloud service. In this paper, we construct a blockchain based multi-keyword ranked search with fair payment (BMFP) system, which leverages smart contracts to verify the correctness and completeness of the search result, and automatically execute the fair payment operations. The system realizes public verifiability on a multi-keyword ranked search result. The data owner manages the search authority, and a concrete fair payment smart contract is designed. The BMFP is compatible with Ethereum, and the verification algorithm executed by the smart contract is cost-efficient.
The main objective of this case study is to illustrate how a limited liability company could be founded fully digitally based on Corda- and Hyperledger Indy-distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). The second objective of the thesis is to analyze the profitability and key risks of introducing this technology through a Monte Carlo-based investment analysis simulation. The results of the simulation are interpreted using summary statistics and visualized by the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted payback period (DPP) distributions. Input-values for the simulation are gathered by interviewing the Project Mercury participants with semi-structured interviews. The third objective of this study is to identify and analyze future opportunities and applications for a digitalized company founding process based on the case study and investment analysis simulation. \n \nThe data for this research is gathered from Project Mercury which carried out a proof-of-concept on the possibility of this technology used in the founding process of an LLC. Project Mercury is a Finnish-based collaboration that consists of organizations from various fields that are currently involved in the founding process of a limited liability company. The development of distributed ledger technologies is in a relatively novel stage, and no evidence of DLT being applied to the founding process of a limited liability company prior to Project Mercury has been found. \n \nDistributed ledger technologies are inspired by blockchain technologies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, but possess different features compared to blockchains, most notably, are not fully public networks as blockchains are. As an important part of the company's digitalization process, a new kind of decentralized self-sovereign digital identity (SSI) is generated for the newly founded company based on the distributed ledger technology. This new digital identity enables, for example, the company to digitally assign representation rights for its stakeholders. In addition to that, the digital identity and the data related to it is fully owned and controlled by the company.\t\t \n \nAt the beginning of the study, a review of key technologies was made, and key concepts, blockchain, and distributed ledger technology were defined since there are no established definitions for these technologies. In the literature review previous DLT applications are introduced since this was the first time DLT was applied in the founding process of an LLC. Methodology and data chapters form the following chapters four and five. The digitalized founding process of a limited liability company using DLT and self-sovereign identity is illustrated empirically in chapter six. The results of the simulation-based investment analysis are presented in chapter seven, and the value propositions of Project Mercury for different stakeholders are discussed at the end of the chapter. \n \nThe benefits of this digitalized founding process for different stakeholders are abundant. Founders and company stakeholders are able to found the company digitally by using their bank services without any manual paper-work. Digitalized representation rights can be given to company stakeholders to represent the company on various occasions. Organizations involved in the DLT based business network can securely share and receive information related to the company and its stakeholders in real-time. Financial institutions that are part of the business network acquire cost savings, time benefits, and new business opportunities. The most important business opportunity is to digitalize and tokenize the shares of unlisted companies. In Finland alone, this could turn approximately 200 billion worth of wealth into a more liquid form. \n \nThe Monte Carlo simulation indicates that Project Mercury as an investment will be profitable on average, but the distribution between the different scenarios is wide, which indicates the riskiness of the investment and the difficulty of accurately predicting the future cash flows associated with this investment. Investments in this technology were seen more as a research and development activity. It is essential to stay updated within the field, in order to remain competitive in the future.
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
So far you have learned how to create your private test Ethereum network. You have also learned how to manage your Ethers using the MetaMask Chrome extension. In this chapter, you will learn about one of the most interesting and exciting features of Ethereum – Smart Contract. You will have a quick look at how a Smart Contract looks like as well as how to test it. In the next few chapters, we will dive into the details of Smart Contracts.
Now that you have a solid understanding of how a blockchain works, you are ready to see how to interact with one. In this chapter, you will learn how to make use of an Ethereum client to create a private Ethereum blockchain network within your local network. Doing this provides you with the chance to learn how to interact with an Ethereum blockchain without needing to worry about synchronizing with the entire mainnet (which may take up more than one terabyte of disk space on your computer).
Strong anonymity and transaction privacy for cryptocurrencies that build on top of a permissionless blockchain is a well-known hard problem. The duplication of ledger provides public verifiability while also give rise to deanonymization attacks and unlinkability violations, where users’ real world identities are linked to their \npseudonymous blockchain accounts. Even though some recently proposed protocols that utilize Ring Signatures [1] or Zero Knowledge Proof [2] have effectively mitigated those attacks, the computational overhead and monetary cost that comes along \nwith those fancy cryptographic primitives render them less usable, which arguably contribute to their poor adoption. \nIn this work, we proposed a practical, peer-to-peer, coin mixing protocol in the Ethereum blockchain that significantly enhance transaction privacy and bring back the unlinkability property. The protocol is primarily inspired by CoinShuffle++ [3] and Generalized State Channel [4], and it enables secure, accountable and \nincentive-compatible shuffling while only requires very weak trust assumption, minimal cost and negligible delay. \nA complete system specification and theoretical evaluation will be provided while the actual experimental the result will appear in a future update once an end-to-end Proof of Concept is built.
In this chapter, we will learn how an initial currency offering (ICO) through public Blockchain Ethereum can be used to pull investment from the market and how Corda can be used as a private permissioned ledger for transactions between parties. This chapter also comes with a sample project with a demonstration of attached images; this project can be downloaded by developers.
2008 yılında yayınlanan "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" adlı makale sayesinde bilgi sahibi olduğumuz Bitcoin, bilimsel litaratüre yeni terimler kazandırarak popülerliğini arttırmaktadır. Alternatif sanal para olarak geliştirilen Ethereum, merkezi bir sunucu veya bir kontrol noktaya ihtiyaç duymadan, karşılıklı uçlar arası anonim ve ucuz şekilde varlık transferine olanak sağlayan bir sistemdir. Blokzincir yapısının en yaygın kullanımı olan Bitcoin ve altcoinlerdir. Kripto paralar madencilik olarak adlandırılan ve zorlu bir algoritmanın çözümü ile gerçekleşmektedir. Sistemde yer alan herhangi bir madenci bu çözümü elde etmek için elinde bulunan ekran kartı ve işlemci gücünü kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada GPU'ların barındırdığı işlemcilerin, kayan noktalı işlem hesaplamalarında daha verimli olmaları sebebiyle Ethereum madenciliğinde kullanılan çeşitli ekran kartlarının performansları 4 kademeli bir iyileştirme paketi ile artırılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen iyileştirme metotları için kullanılan ekran kartlarının model ve bellek miktarları şu şekildedir: 4 GB AMD R9 290, 4 GB AMD R9 380, 8 GB AMD R9 390, 4 GB AMD RX 560, 4 GB AMD RX 470, 4 GB AMD RX 480, 4 GB AMD RX 570, 4 GB AMD RX 580, 6 GB NVIDIA GTX1060, 8 GB NVIDIA GTX1070, 8 GB NVIDIA GTX1080. Bu çalışmanın en önemli amacı, Ethereum madenciliğine özgü Ethash özet algoritmasında iyileştirme yöntemleri uygulamaktır. Bu amaçla, AMD ve NVIDIA yonga seti grafik kartlarının daha düşük güç tüketimi ile daha hızlı algoritmalar çözmelerini sağlamak için iyileştirmeler yapılmıştır. Grafik kartları fabrika ayarlarıyla çalıştırıldığında, hiçbiri geçerli döviz kurlarından dolayı fayda getiremeyecek durumdadır. Algoritmanın hızını arttırmanın yanı sıra güç tüketimini azaltmak kar bölgesine geçiş için önemli bir faktör olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilen değerlere bakıldığında yaklaşık % 30 performans artışı görülmüştür. Ayrıca iyileştirme paketi ile ekran kartlarının tükettiği elektrik enerjisi yüzde 20 ile yüzde 30 arası azaltılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ethereum, Blokzincir, Kripto para madenciliği, GPU madenciliği
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Currency Recognition and Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Leyi Shi, Yang Li, Tianxu Liu, Jia Liu · 6 authors
Honeypot technology can be applied to efficiently attract attackers and exhaust their resources. However, the traditional static honeypot is easy to be recognized by anti-honeypot technology. By contrast, most of the dynamic honeypots can simulate the real system in time, thus interacting with an intruder in disguise. In this paper, we employ the dynamic property of honeypot in four kinds of services of our system. However, this dynamic property shows up in a location and identification, indicating that genuine or fake services (honeypots) are changeable in different hosts. Thus, the dynamic property of our system differs from the dynamic honeypot aforementioned. Besides, we adopt the blockchain platform (Ethereum) to decentralize our system and store the port access data by delivering a private chain. To illustrate the effectiveness of our scheme in theory and practice, security analysis, eavesdropping attack, scanning attack, and DoS attack experiments are conducted. The results show that our scheme is valid in safeguarding against network attack.