Research trends in studies of local governments in Japan have been analysed quantitatively using text-mining methods on approximately 35 years of article titles from the Journal of Urban Management and Local Government Research, from its first issue (1985) to the vol. 35, no. 1 (2020). Co-occurrence network analysis and correspondence analysis were conducted to determine the changes in research interests during the target period. Substantially more research on accounting, finance, management, and reform was seen in the target journal after 1980. The extracted words prefecture, city, case, evaluation, and analysis show the features of local government studies in Japan after the enactment of decentralization reforms in March 2000. The author interprets the first dimension of the configuration figures of correspondence analysis as an axis of accounting and time; the second dimension concerns financial accountability; and the third dimension concerns public enterprise. The publisher association of the journal has a large number of members who specialise in accounting and local finance, including certified public accountants and tax accountants, and the characteristics of such a membership structure are reflected in these results.
Abstract Blockchain is the systematic integration innovation of distributed accounting, consensus mechanisms, point-to-point transmission, encryption algorithms, intelligent contracts and other technologies, providing a solution for information security and social trust in the Information Age. The principles, characteristics and deep thinking of Blockchain technology can promote thinking innovation and solve the existing obstacles, including the weak effectiveness of education activities, the burnout of education subjects and the lack of mutual trust in the field of ideological and political education. This paper focuses on analyzing the expanded application of Blockchain theory in ideological and political education. The fit of blockchain technology application of educational thinking innovation and value orientation is 0.928; there is a linear relationship, and after applying blockchain technology for one year, the difference between the students’ thinking tendencies and the six aspects of their performance, except for the desire for knowledge, is statistically significant (P<0.5) when compared with the situation of the students one year ago. In addition, it is emphasized that we should build Learn Ledger, promote the participation degree of education subjects, establish a new interactive trust mechanism and intensify endogenous incentives to promote the deep transformation of ideological and political education, enhance the effectiveness of educational content, expand the participation in educational activities, and strengthen the multi-subject trust-relationship reconstruction of ideological and political education.
Rural industry provides an important basis for rural revitalization, and its development can promote urban-rural integration. Rural China has long had complex and diverse rural industries whose existence and development is founded on rural society. Complex and varied rural industries have long existed in rural China, where local society provides the social foundation for their existence and development. One example is the processing of supplied materials or putting-out system (lailiao jiagong 来 料 加 工 ) in remote rural areas under the jurisdiction of City L, Zhejiang. In recent years, industries in the developed areas of Zhejiang have expanded to remote villages through processing to order, driving the growth of rural industries in remote areas. The processing of supplied materials is a link in the global production chain. Flexible decentralized processing links surplus rural labor in remote areas to the vast global market. The industry’s production process is deeply embedded in local society; interpersonal relationships and social ethics facilitate production management, forming a social foundation for the development of rural industry. Social ethics in these areas takes the particular operational form of sensitive cultivation of personal relationships or “human feelings.” The processing of supplied materials has shaped the distinctive character of rural development and provides a route for social transformation. To implement the strategy of rural revitalization, besides provision of land, finance and industrial policy, China needs to handle the social foundation of rural areas rationally, make full use of rural social resources and stimulate endogenous motivation in rural society.
In recent years, as digital cryptocurrencies have gradually entered people's field of vision, the underlying blockchain technology has also attracted the attention of researchers.As a distributed ledger technology, blockchain has the characteristics of multi-party maintenance, non-tampering, openness and transparency.At the same time, blockchain technology is considered to be a technology with more research significance after the Internet.Blockchain technology has distributed accounting and storage, does not rely on data backup of intermediate institutions, and nodes share resources through smart contracts and are open and transparent, automatic execution, mandatory performance, and non-tamperable.This article combines blockchain and energy Internet technology.Because both have the characteristics of decentralization, high autonomy, marketization, and intelligence, they have greater application prospects.This article describes the application scenario analysis of distributed transactions in the energy Internet.First, the regional electricity sales model based on blockchain technology will be adopted to promote the implementation of distributed smart energy metering and settlement scenarios through a trustless smart contract mechanism.Secondly, it elaborates the business model of internal bidding energy consumption based on the weak centralization of blockchain technology.This model uses multi-party bidding to optimize the allocation of resources such as cold, heat, and electricity, restores the commodity and financial attributes of energy, and can greatly improve the energy efficiency and economic benefits of the microgrid.
Agriculture of China is a typical agricultural system of small producer and large market. Producers are too scattered. Agricultural foundation remains weak in the vast rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas. All of the above have built up a hedge for the high input of information industry and been a serious impediment to agricultural informationalization. As the underlying technology of electronic tokens, blockchain has become the current research hotspot, and been applied in finance, logistics, electronic commerce, information traceability and so on. Blockchain is a distributed storage and computation system, which is decentralized, so it is highly compatible with the distributed economic system. It will be a comprehensive solution to the agricultural status that is "scattered, small and weak". The book China Blockchain Technology and Application Development Whitepaper 2016 gives guidance suggestions for the application of blockchain in different industries including agriculture. This article is proposed by combining the specific status of Chinese agriculture and the technical characteristics of the block chain. Blockchain will play a very important rule in information gathering, resource integrating, profits sharing and backtracking information. Framework of blockchain for agricultural product with 7 levels of information gathering layer, data layer, network layer, consensus layer, excitation layer, contract layer and application layer was designed based on generalized blockchain according to actual situation of agriculture in China. The function of information gathering layer and data layer weve used to storage encrypted information that is acquired by IoT node in a distributed way. The Network layer was designed with a semi-distributed topological structure based on the original Peer-to-Peer distributed network structure in the blockchain by adding the supper notes. In the consensus layer, the DPOS was implied install of POW, therefore, there is no need for intensive computing. Due to the use of smart contact in the contract layer, transactions can be completed automatically in the absence of intermediaries. Furthermore, members of the Blockchain Union can also get repay by participating in the consensus with the smart contracts. The application layer was designed to provide the interface for application of government, bank, enterprise, producer and consumers. This framework can provide flexible mechanism of distributed storage, complete information consensus system, reliable information tamper-proof function and practical incentive reward measures. Subsequently, the above functions have been explained in the agricultural products quality safety traceability and application for the agricultural product market information transparency in more detail. However, the application of block chain in the field of agriculture is still in the stage of exploration, the technology is far from mature, and still need to be perfected in the process of application gradually.
With the vigorous development of blockchain technology represented by Bitcoin, blockchain technology has gradually surpassed the era of programmable currency and entered the era of smart contracts. Smart contracts are event- driven and stateful. With the in-depth development of blockchain technology, smart contracts use protocols and user interfaces to complete all steps of the contract process, allowing users to implement personalized code logic on the blockchain. Contract technology has the characteristics of decentralization, autonomy, observability, verifiability, and information sharing. It can effectively build programmable finance and programmable society, and is widely used in digital payment, financial asset disposal, multi-signature contracts, cloud computing, Internet of Things, sharing economy and other fields. First, it explains the basic concepts, full life cycle, basic classification, basic structure, key technologies, development status and main technology platforms of smart contracts; then discusses the application scenarios and development issues of smart contract technology, aiming to provide smart contract technology. The research and development provides reference.
Rural planning is perceived as a spatial planning centered on the human settlements and there are many activities for rural reconstruction and researches conducted from the perspective of active intervention, with fewer studies regarding the village as the main body for the establishment of self-built system. And the other-organization built by the rural areas is strongly oriented. In Asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan, there are farming traditions, in which the familial and small-scale farmland holding and agricultural production mode are deep-rooted. Traditional agriculture and rural areas are not fundamentally changed by industrialization and modernization process. And the small-scale peasant in the East is marked by the decentralized possession of farmland and management in the rural areas and a large number of farmers to be remained. But the rural population keeps decreasing. After analyzing the status quo of human settlements in China, Korea and Japan, the paper makes an analysis from the different ways of thinking and professional perspective and focuses on putting forward the solutions to the problems on macro level, with the feasibility of the practical significance and the landing researches still staying in the testing stage. In the context of increasingly missing regional and contextual features, the launching and researches of "co-constructed community" as the folk protection way to emerging rural heritage are just started, and the researches on rural construction in Northeast China from the perspective of catalyst are absent. The contact agent with the catalytic action mechanism of seeing big things through small ones fits the rural areas marked by vast territory and diversified aspect, which is applicable to the bottom-up operation mechanism autonomously built by the villagers.
Although the smart contract as the new product in the era of block chain contract shall not be only limited to the property-related agreements stipulated by the Contract Law of People's Republic of China, the Chinese contract provisions shall be perfected accordingly due to its contract attribute. In order to promote the formation and validity of the smart contract, the full capacity requirements for civil conduct of the parties to the property-related contract as well as the formulation of "Withdrawal Provisions" and the connotation of social public interests shall attract legislators' attention. But in view of two major features of smart contract, on the one hand, the legislators shall consider distinguishing the remedies of continuous contract and instant contract; on the other hand, the legislators shall perfect the remedy system for the "Alteration" of smart contracts in the process of waiting for verification.
区块链是一种去中心、去信任的分布式账本技术，起源于比特币。其被业界广泛认为是具有颠覆性潜力的技术，将会重塑行业标准，改变社会和生活，也将为供应链金融带来革命性的影响。在系统阐述区块链概念、关键技术和运行原理的基础上，对当前供应链金融发展过程中所面临的痛点进行分析。提出区块链技术如何能够更好地解决供应链金融上的中小企业融资难、商业汇票和银行汇票使用场景受限、银行对供应链核心企业资金风控成本居高不下等问题。最后，给出了易见股份推出的“易见区块”平台案例研究。 Blockchain is a decentralized and trusted distributed book processing technology, originated from Bitcoin. Its industry is widely regarded as a potentially disruptive technology that will reshape industry standards, change society and life, and will have a revolutionary impact on supply chain finance. On the basis of systematic exposition of the concept, key technology and operation principle of Blockchain, this paper analyzes the pain points in the financial development process of current supply chain and puts forward the solutions to better solve the problems in supply chain finance such as the difficulty in small and medium-sized enterprises’ financing, limited usage scenarios of commercial bills and bank drafts, and funds risk control issues of supply-chain core enterprise. Finally, a case study of “e-visible” platform is presented.