Blockchain Papers

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In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, blockchain technology is called the 2nd Internet. Among them, the usefulness of enterprise－type blockchain is advancing because it is a technology that goes beyond the three dilemma of public blockchain： decentralization, security, and scalability. Among the many technologies of blockchain, open source Hyperledger Fabric is an enterprise－type blockchain platform, which is a blockchain platform that provides integrated advantages to use blockchain in enterprises. It is important to extend this technology base, taking into account the usefulness of near－standard Hyperledger Fabrics. In this study, we examined the technical usefulness of the open source Hyperledger Fabric and constructed the Hyperledger Fabric environment on the VM instance of the Google Cloud Platform. The VM instance was installed with Linux Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, Docker container, Node.js, etc. This is an example of creating an organization and genesis block, constructing a channel, and joining the created channel to build a system. The result of this study was to drive the distributed ledger of Hyperledger Fabric on the Google Cloud Platform, and contributed to the spread of cloud and Hyperledger Fabric usage through the establishment of the Hyperledger Fabric channel, a corporate blockchain that reached the standard. In addition, it provided Google’s cloud technology, which is close to universalization, and a technology base for computing to check various possibilities of using distributed ledger technology.

Yan Ma, Yiming Fang

Due to the unique characteristics of decentralization and security, blockchain is believed to have considerable potential to provide a wide range of benefits for ed-ucation development. Its application in education is relatively new but increasing very quickly. This paper introduced the typical blockchain techniques and charac-teristics briefly. Then, recent applications of blockchain in education were sum-marized comprehensively, especially those regarding learning record keeper, cer-tificate issue and management, and decentralized education ecosystem. Finally, technical and non-technical challenges were discussed. It is hoped to provide an in-depth look at the perspectives of blockchain in evolving education and help to the development of new application systems.

Changhyun Kim, KwangSup Shin

Due to the great advances in e-Marketplace and changes in type of items purchased from the online market, it has been dramatically increased the demand of the storage and transportation under the special conditions such as restricted temperature. Especially, the cold chain needs the way to transparently measure and monitor the entire network in realtime because it has a very complicated structure and requires totally different criteria at the every different steps and items. In this research, it has been presented the performance evaluation metrics to make contract using service level agreement (SLA), the way to apply the smart contract based on blockchain, the structure of blocks, service platform and application in order to build cold chain which can prevent the risk factors by measuring and sharing information in realtime using block chain technology. In addition, we have proposed the way to store the measured performance and reputation of each player in the block using smart contract based on SLA. With the presented framework, all players including service providers as well as users can secure the information for making the rational decisions. When the service platform is actually built and operated, it seems possible to secure the information in transparently and realtime. Also, it is possible to prevent the risk factors or prepare the preemptive plans to react on them.

Seong-Kyu Kim, Jun‐Ho Huh

This paper seeks to use artificial intelligence blockchain algorithms to ensure safe verification of medical institution PHR data and accurate verification of medical data as existing vulnerabilities. Artificial intelligence has recently spread and has led to research on many technologies thanks to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This is a very important factor in healthcare as well as the healthcare industry’s position. Likewise, blockchain is very safe to apply because it encrypts and verifies these medical data in case they are hacked or leaked. These technologies are considered very important. This study raises the problems of these artificial intelligence blockchains and recognizes blockchain, artificial intelligence, neural networks, healthcare, etc.; these problems clearly exist, so systems like EHR are not being used. In the future, ensuring privacy will be made easier when these EHRs are activated and data transmission and data verification between hospitals are completed. To overcome these shortcomings, we define an information security blockchain artificial intelligence framework and verify blockchain systems for accurate extraction, storage, and verification of data. In addition, various verification and performance evaluation indicators are set to obtain the TPS of medical data and for the implementation of standardization work in the future. This paper seeks to maximize the confidentiality of blockchain and the sensitivity and availability of artificial intelligence.

Daeyul Baek

데이터 경제(data economy)의 시대를 맞이하고 있음에도 데이터를 둘러싼 사법(私法)상의 법률관계는 아직도 불분명하다. 현재의 통설은 데이터는 민법상 물건(민법 제98조)에 해당하지 않으므로 물권법이 적용될 수 없다고 보고 있으며, 그 대신 계약법 내지 불법행위법으로의 포섭을 통해 그 법률관계를 규명하려 시도하고 있다. 그러나 데이터에 관한 법적 규율을 설계함에 있어서는 데이터의 종류 내지 유형별 차이점을 고려하여야 함에도 통설은 이를 간과하고 있다. 특히 최근에는 암호화폐(cryptocurrency)를 비롯하여 ① 그 자체로 경합적이며(경합성), ② 일정한 주체의 사용⋅수익을 배제할 수 있고(배제성), ③ 특정한 타인의 행위에 의존하지 않고 존립할 수 있어(존립성) 유체물과 동등한 수준으로 관리가 가능한 ｢유체물-동등 데이터｣가 출현하였는바, 모든 데이터는 본질적으로 비경합적 내지 비배제적이라는 전제에 입각하여 데이터의 물권법에 의한 규율 가능성을 일괄적으로 부정해 온 통설은 더 이상 유효하지 않게 되었다. 이러한 문제의식 하에 이 글은 데이터, 특히 유체물-동등 데이터가 물권법에 의해 규율될 수 있는지 여부를 정면으로 다룬다. 데이터의 사법상 법률관계를 규명하기 위하여 국내외에서 물권법 외에도 다양한 접근법이 시도되어 온 것은 사실이나, 최소한 유체물-동등 데이터에 관하여는 경제법, 개인정보 보호법, 지적재산권법 등 민법 외에서의 접근이나 민법 내에서 통설이 취하고 있는 계약법 및 불법행위법에 기초한 접근 모두 부적합 내지 불충분한 것으로 보이기 때문이다. 미국⋅독일⋅일본 및 국내의 관련 논의를 비판적으로 검토함으로써, 이 글은 현 행법의 해석상으로도 물건, 점유, 소유권 및 담보물권 등 물권법 전반에 걸쳐 유체물-동등 데이터를 현재의 물권법 질서에 조화롭게 편입시키는 것이 가능함을 밝히는 한편, 그 법경제학적⋅법철학적 정당화를 제시한다.Although the age of the data economy has arrived, civil juristic relations regarding data are still opaque. Until now, the vast majority of Korean academia have concluded that data cannot be a “thing” under Korean Civil Code § 98 and hence the law of property cannot be applied. Instead, they have relied on either contract law or tort law to resolve the issue. Nevertheless, the majority opinion stated above has overlooked an obvious fact that one must consider the differences among various types of data when designing the relevant legal system. In particular, as the tangible-equivalent data – data satisfying rivalrousness, excludability and independent-existence conditions defined by this article – has recently emerged, the majority opinion based on the obsolete premise that all data are essentially non-rivalrous and non-excludable has become no longer valid. Based on this observation, this article addresses whether data, especially the tangible-equivalent data can be regulated by the law of property. Although domestic and foreign scholars have strived in various ways to determine civil juristic relations regarding data, it seems that neither non-civil law approaches based on laws such as antitrust law, privacy law, intellectual property law nor traditional civil law approaches based on contract law or tort law are suitable for the tangible-equivalent data. By examining existing researches in the United States, Germany, Japan and Korea, this article illustrates that by interpretation it is possible to incorporate the tangible-equivalent data into the law of property covering the legal issues of thing(res or Sache), possession, ownership and security interests, while presenting economic and philosophical justifications.

Dinesh Kumar K, P Senthil, Manoj Kumar D.S

No abstract is available for this record.

Donghyeok Lee, Namje Park

No abstract is available for this record.

Syeda Mariam Muzammal, Raja Kumar Murugesan

No abstract is available for this record.

Hosung Wang, Shinhye Moon, Nungwoo Han

No abstract is available for this record.

Koushik Akkinapalli, Sasibhushana Rao Pappu, Ramesh Babu Vankara, Manikanta Vella

Due to enormous increase in development of technology maintenance of user’s information has become major concern. However, user’s information has been effectively maintained by the third parties but the problems with the current system are cost has been increased for maintaining information, lack of transparency and fairness, overuse of power and nature of opaqueness in the current system. So distributed system/ledger i.e., Blockchain came into existence to solve the problems encountered with the current system. The advantages of the proposed distributed system are cost is negligible by eliminating the need of third parties, effectively enhancing the execution speed of transactions and facilitating its reconciliation, maintaining transparency thereby ensuring integrity of user’s information. In this paper, we introduce Ethereum based blockchain network for maintaining user’s information through smart contracts. Experimental results shows that how effectively user’s information has been maintained through blockchain based networks.

Riaz Ahmad Ziar, Syed Irfan Ullah, Rafiulllah Omar

The introduction of smart devices and the IOT network has led to the creation of large amounts of data that require protection from intrusion. Most users desire to have personal data kept confidential while seeking for platforms that would prohibit their vendors from distributing it to third parties without their consent. However, the users that are conscious of data privacy often share information with third parties, contradicting their intentions in keeping their information confidential. The difference between user intentions and actions regarding data privacy is called privacy paradox while privacy fatigue refers to the weariness of people on implementing security and privacy solutions. In this proposed system we design and develop smart contracts to provide interaction for the IoT device and company which require personal data. A company or Application requests personal information from the device to share the device sends, that information to the smart contract, smart contract uses dynamic rules to check PII in the users' personal information. Base on the PII(,) system would alert users on the limit and risk of sharing personal information through a public network. We used solidity programing language for the modeled of the smart contract. The performance of the contract is evaluated on the Repsten test network.

Adjunct Professor, Hoseo Univ., 212-1103, 346-2, Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Joon-Hee Kim

Blockchain technology is a scientific and technological project that countries around the world have been paying close attention to and researched and developed in recent years, and it is one of the most popular technologies in the world. Blockchain is a kind of bookkeeping technology that is jointly maintained by multiple parties, uses cryptography to ensure transmission and access security, can achieve consistent data storage, is difficult to tamper with, and prevents denial. It is also called distributed ledger technology and has distributed credibility. Technical characteristics such as not easy to be tampered with, and multi-party maintenance. The new infrastructure of chain network collaboration will use network identification as a key digital resource as a breakthrough point to promote the application and development of blockchain and realize the engine role of new infrastructure. Through the collaborative development of blockchain and the industrial Internet, the new infrastructure of chain network collaboration is committed to building a national-level distributed trusted application innovation carrier. Provide a unified identity authentication mechanism, object identification mechanism, and value exchange mechanism for digital applications to reduce the cost of using digital technology.

Jinsu Kim, Namje Park

최근 내부자에 의한 정보 유출이 큰 화제가 됨에 따라 접근권한을 벗어나는 정보에 대한 접근을 제어할 수 있는 방안이 요구되고 있다. 하지만 악의적인 내부자에 의한 보안 위협의 경우 고의적으로 정보를 유출하며, 데이터를 복사해도 외부적으로 보이는 특징이 없는 디지털 데이터의 특성상 명확히 구분할 수 있는 방안은 전무하다는 문제가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 데이터에 접근을 요청하는 데이터에 대한 접근 권한과 사용자의 정보를 블록데이터에 기록함으로서 무결성이 보장되는 사용자의 접근 권한 정보와, 접근 기록을 저장하는 메커니즘을 제안한다. 제안된 메커니즘은 역할에 따라 접근을 제어하는 RBAC(Role Based Access Control)를 적용하여 블록데이터에 기록되어있는 사용자의 역할을 이용하여 데이터에 대한 접근을 제어하고, 사용자의 접근데이터를 기록하는 메커니즘으로 스마트 컨트랙트를 활용하는 하나의 방안을 제안한다.

Kosuke Mori, Hiroyoshi Miwa

No abstract is available for this record.

N Shruthi, C N Sowmyarani

<em>Any number of gadgets can be associated with a Wi-Fi remotely. Anybody inside scope of the Wi-Fi can endeavour to get to the system. Due to this, Wi-Fi is progressively powerless against assaults. Consequently, client touchy data is at the danger of being misused. The clients’ security and security can be ensured by unknown verification. When they use the hotspots that are very easy to access to everybody, privacy plays an important role. The existing solutions which will validate the users but do not take the responsibilities of the users or they are always dependent on intermediators. The latest development of or concept of colored coins and coin shuffle can be used to protect the users who are connected to the network without compromising or leaking any information. The bitcoin blockchain is very impressive and robust that will help to manage the user information and also very helpful to determine the possession of the users framework.</em>

이용민, 김형중

The process of determining something for the interests of the parties is called governance. Then we need to see if the current blockchain platforms, including Bitcoin and Ethereum, are well governed. Bitcoin is divided into several hard-forked platforms such as Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin Gold and Bitcoin Diamond. Ethereum is represented by Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. If BIP(Bitcoin Improvement Proposals) or EIP(Ethereum Improvement Proposals) had a well-communicated and smooth negotiation process in adavance, it would not have reached the extreme of being hard-forked with multiple chains. In this paper, we analyze on-chain and off-chain governanace of blockchain and propose a new on-chain governance platform that can be mediated and upgraded in the blockchain.

장윤희, 최수혁, 김형중

Since Bitcoin was introduced to the world, blockchain has been noted for foundation technology in various fields. To create a block in a blockchain, A process is needed in which majority nodes agreement on the contents of the block. This is called consensus algorithm. There are a lot of consensus algorithms such as PoW (Proof of Work), PoS (Proof of Stake) and PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance). Each consensus algorithm has its own limitations like finality uncertainty or performance and so on. Because of block finality, recently a variety of PBFT-based consensus algorithms are appreared. In this paper we suggests that the PBFT-based consensus algorithm improved by veto power.

Seongwook Youn

2009년에 처음 소개된 비트코인은 전 세계적으로 출시되어있는 암호 화폐들 중 가장 대중적이다. 출시 될 당시에 가치는 아주 낮았고, 다른 암호 화폐처럼 대중적이지도 않았다. 비트코인에 오늘날 많은 사람들이 관심을 가지고 있다. 비트코인은 일반 화폐와 교환될 수도 있고 지불 용도로 사용할 수도 있다. 비트코인은 많은 온라인 상점들과 온라인 서비스에서 통용되고 있다. 암호 화폐는 특정 당국에 의해 규정되지 않고 일반적인 수요와 공급에 따라 규정되지도 않는다. 비트코인은 최근에 상당한 성공을 이루었다. 비트코인 가격이 어느 주요한 요소들에 의해 결정되는지에 대한 호기심이 본 연구를 진행하게 되었다. 가장 대중적인 비트코인 디지털 월렛(www.blockchain.com) 으로부터 Blockchain Wallet API에 기반해서 데이터셋으로부터 특징들을 뽑았다. 머신러닝 기법으로 polynomial regression을 이용하여 특징들의 영향도를 계산하였다. 결과적으로 어떤 특징들이 비트코인 가격 변동과 연관이 깊은지 살펴봤다.

Won-Yong Jeong, Min Choi

In this paper, we present a certificate management platform for performance assessment during recruitment using blockchain. Applicants are awarded certificates according to a predetermined level of progress based on their performances. All certificates are stored on a recruitment management platform that serves as an environment for storing and presenting all awarded certificates. The hashed information of all the certificates are stored in the blockchain, and once stored, the contents cannot be tampered with. Therefore, anyone can check the validity of the certificates using this blockchain. Our proposed platform will be useful for recruitment and application management, career management, and personal history maintenance.

Jeonghyuk Lee, Jihye Kim, Hyunok Oh

최근 블록체인은 중앙 집중형 데이터 관리 방식에 대한 대안으로 급부상하고 있다. 비트코인, 이더리움과 같은 기존의 블록체인에서는 신규블록을 신뢰성 있게 추가하는 방법으로 PoW(Proof of Work) 알고리즘을 사용하였는데, PoW는 해시함수 계산을 수행하기 때문에 빠른 거래가 불가능하고, 해시함수 계산에 필요한 전력비용은 매우 높다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 PoW방식을 대체할 수 있는 대표자 기반의 블록체인을 제안하며, 제안하는 블록체인에서는 기존 대표자 기반 블록체인(Delegated Proof of Stake)의 보안성을 강화하는 방법으로 전방향 안전서명(Forward secure signatures)을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 대표자 기반의 블록체인에 사용할 수 있는 전방향 안전서명을 구현하고, 전방향 안전서명으로 구축한 블록체인의 성능 및 안전성을 분석하였다.

Sukosol Wanotayapitak, Kobkiat Saraubon, Prachyanun Nilsook

The digital competence is necessary for 21st century living, but from several countries survey, a large number of people still have insufficient digital competence. Moreover, from literature study found three problems of today cooperative education information system, (1) lack of information sharing among university community, (2) lack of connect information to public, and (3) lack of enhancing 21st century learning skill. This paper proposes a process design of cooperative education management system by using the integration of cooperative education, E-Portfolio, digital competence framework 2.0, cloud computing technology, and blockchain technology. These processes make result of digital competence assessment credible and share to open digital labor market finally.

D. A. Kachan

The article discusses the features of distributed ledger technology based on the use of decentralized peer-topeer networks. The history of the emergence and development of distributed ledger technology considered in detail, the prerequisites for the growth of its popularity in various fields are analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of distributed ledger technology in general, as well as decentralized (permissionless) and exclusive (permitted) blockchain platforms in particular, are revealed. The principles of functioning of cryptocurrencies on the basis of blockchain technology, including their issue (coinage) are described. The state of blockchain technologies from the point of view of technology maturity is considered. The main trends in the development of blockchain technology at the present stage are revealed. An analysis of the possibilities of using distributed ledger technology of public administration, including in the education system, in order to improve the safety and automation of functions is presented.

Junho Moon, Dongsoo Kim

After the 4th industrial revolution, the healthcare industry is striving to find new business models through new technologies. Among them, blockchain technology is one of the technologies that have great interest in the healthcare industry. Most providers of personal health record systems have difficulty in securing marketability due to various problems. Therefore, they try to integrate blockchain technology to develop new systems and gain marketability. However, blockchain has limitations in solving the problems of the personal health record system. In this study, we have designed a personalized health data management framework that enables information subjects to acquire full ownership rights of individual’s health data, based on distributed ledger technology. For the framework design, we refer to the structure of R3 Corda. It was designed with a different network structure than the existing blockchain systems so that the node can be operated on the personal user's mobile device. This allows information subjects to directly store and manage their own data and share data with authorized network members. Through the proposed system, the information utilization of the healthcare industry can be improved and the public health promotion and medical technology development can be realized.

Minjae Yoo, Yoojae Won

Over the past few years, the importance of improving the product distribution structure has increased worldwide. Therefore, distribution prices are now disclosed and product information is shared with consumers. However, distribution channels are complex and supply chain management (SCM) is autonomously executed in each company. For this reason, it has been frequently pointed out that the distribution process is not transparent and the distribution margin is high. In this paper, we propose a system that guarantees the transparency of the product distribution structure by applying blockchain and smart contracts to the price-tracking portion of supply chain management systems. This approach allows companies to track their trades by enhancing transparency in the SCM, thereby discouraging companies from pursuing excessive profits. In addition, companies can cut management costs by automatically storing distribution details in a blockchain network and managing information more securely.