Hira Salah ud din Khan, Zhiqiang Ma, Mohammed Abubakari Sadick, Abdul‐Aziz Ibn Musah
This study aims to investigate how a Psychological contract breach can mediate the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and job attitudes and how political skill and work ethic can influence the negative association between perceptions of organizational politics and job attitudes. A systematic sampling method was used with a sampling size of 310 faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. Data were analyzed by using partial least squares structural equations modeling PLS-SEM to test the hypotheses by Smart PLS software. The findings revealed that the perception of politics is significantly and negatively related to job attitudes and indirectly through psychological contract breach. Moreover, the results indicated a significant moderating effect of work ethic on the relationship between the perception of politics and job attitudes. However, political skill did not moderate the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and job attitudes. Moreover, research implications and limitations are elucidated.
Nowadays, Blockchain Technology and Cryptocurrency have gained the attention of world media, both technological and business sectors. This study assessed the importance of implementing Cryptocurrency project in Ethiopia by collecting empirical data. "Cryptocurrency is a digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, operating independently of a central bank "(Cambridge Dictionary, 1995). Cryptocurrency uses the technology called Blockchain, Blockchain is a shared ledger or a continually updated list of transaction. This ledger keeps every transaction that has ever happened in a completely decentralized form and distributed among users. Because of that, third parties such as (Bank and central bank etc.) who were traditionally in charge of the ledger are no longer needed. The technology is huge, and it has applications not only in currency but in other industries such as land registration, voting and smart contracts. This study employed a case study which is used to "provide quantitative or numerical description of trends, attitudes and opinions of participants, hence participants were selected based on their knowledge and experience of the technology. The source of data were both primarily and secondary, such as, published or unpublished and public or private documents. The collected Cross-sectional data were organized and analyzed through descriptive data analysis technique so that the research can come to a conclusion and derive important information. The research finding shows the important role of Cryptocurrency and its backbone Blockchain technology to minimize the current Ethiopia's foreign currency problems and to further help the country meet its millennial development goals.
Bitcoin is an application that runs on blockchain technology. Blockchain is a foundational technology that is bringing in the second era of the Internet – the era where value can be transferred, rather than just information. Blockchain is developing along a four-stage path similar to that which TCP/IP took. Both are foundational technologies. TCP/IP brought the Internet, and eventually brought significant (transformational) technological changes in business like Amazon.com and Skype. These are changes that could not have been forecast at the beginning of the Internet age. Blockchain is an immutable distributed ledger. It replaces the inefficient use of multiple centralized ledgers. It will support smart contracts that automatically make payments, adjust accounts, and coordinate records among multiple organizations. A payroll application on blockchain’s distributed ledger will allow employees to be paid, and all related deductions and deposits to be made in real-time. It will allow multiple government agencies to immediately have audit-level access to all employee records, and all employer matching-payments. With a fiat crypto-currency a payroll application on the blockchain will allow immediate global payroll compliance at a fraction of the cost of current payroll compliance. Based on the trajectory of ITP/IP’s development it is reasonable to assume that a payroll application will be seen on a blockchain (most likely Quorum, a private/permissioned blockchain based on the Ethereum platform) by 2018-2021. The first one will be constructed either by a government (Finland or Estonia) or by a private company (in the USA). Costs will be so low that the industry will consolidate (picture the arrival of Amazon.com among the group of brick and mortar books stores that preceded it in the late 1990’s). A traditional payroll service provider today needs to prepare for this change by developing a pilot program internally that will educate its workforce to the advantages and operational intricacies of a service based in the blockchain.
Ujan Mukhopadhyay, Anthony Skjellum, Oluwakemi Hambolu, Jon Oakley · 6 authors
Cryptocurrencies have emerged as important financial software systems. They rely on a secure distributed ledger data structure; mining is an integral part of such systems. Mining adds records of past transactions to the distributed ledger known as Blockchain, allowing users to reach secure, robust consensus for each transaction. Mining also introduces wealth in the form of new units of currency. Cryptocurrencies lack a central authority to mediate transactions because they were designed as peer-to-peer systems. They rely on miners to validate transactions. Cryptocurrencies require strong, secure mining algorithms. In this paper we survey and compare and contrast current mining techniques as used by major Cryptocurrencies. We evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and possible threats to each mining strategy. Overall, a perspective on how Cryptocurrencies mine, where they have comparable performance and assurance, and where they have unique threats and strengths are outlined.