Many existing business processes can be more effective and efficient with blockchain technology to save time, reduce risk and save money. Blockchain is a digital ledger where each block is linked to another block in a time stamped and every block has numbers of transaction with meta data like index, previous Hash and hash of that block. These hash make this digital ledger to an immutable public record of digital transactions. Every new transaction is validated by the other nodes across the distributed network before it is stored in a block. All transaction information once stored on the ledger is verifiable and auditable but not editable. With blockchains, business can establish what they are and then trade items like money, votes, deeds, intellectual property, stocks and bonds, loyalty points, and anything else that has value. One of the biggest divisions in blockchain technology is permissioned versus permissionless blockchains. Permissioned Blockchain is especially useful for the business that have to comply with regulations and wants to complete control of their data. Hyperledger works in this direction that has the aim of improving cross-industry permissioned blockchain technologies. In this paper we explained the some parameter for selecting platform of blockchain for business applications with some use cases and business people can also use Blockchain-as-a-service to deploy their own blockchain app easily that's managed and administered by cloud-based service providers.
Orăștean Ramona, Mărginean Silvia Cristina, Raluca Sava
Abstract Since 2012, there has been growing interest in bitcoin scientific research from different fields, including computer science and engineering, economics, business and finance, law and regulatory. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate bitcoin literature based on the structures and networks of science, as a first step in the research of this new phenomenon. Analysing the growing scientific literature on bitcoin published between 2012 and 2019, we provided useful insights on academic research in this field regarding publication year, type and category, authors, journals and citations. The source of the 887 documents which support the study was Web of Science Core Collection. Using VOSviewer software we have designed bibliometric maps based on text and bibliographic data. Our study provides a knowledge area map that identifies and evaluates the links between authors and countries distribution, the conceptual structure of the field, the structure and connections of most cited papers and journals. Resuming our findings, we note a concentration of the interest on some keywords (bitcoin, cryptocurrency, blockchain) and on some influential authors (with more than 100 citations per article). As a pure expression of digital economy, the research on bitcoin as an economic concept counts only 33.5% from the total contributions in the field.
August Thio-ac, Erwin John Domingo, Ricca May Reyes, Nilo Arago · 6 authors
This paper presents the development of an online procurement system and the integration of blockchain technology. Various tools such as PHP, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and jQuery were used in designing the graphical, programming logic, and blockchain aspect of the system. Every page and function will have their respective construction and result. In addition, the proposed system's flow of process and the methods on the testing and hosting of the site as well as the different web development languages used in every part of the development and design process were presented. The proposed system was successfully and functionally developed starting from the execution of procurement proper, to the placement of procured items or goods, and up to the signing of contracts by the winner and the procurer. Lastly, features were added such as user profiles of the bidder and procurer.
On each cryptocurrency transaction, a high-level security is needed to protect user data as well as data on the transaction. At this stage, it takes the appropriate algorithm in securing transactions with more efficient processing time. The Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the cryptography algorithms which has high-level security, and ECC is often compared with the Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) algorithm because it has a security level that is almost the same but has some differences that make ECC is superior compared to the RSA algorithm, so that the ECC algorithm can optimize cryptocurrency security in the transaction process. The purpose of this study is to simulate the bitcoin transactions using cryptography algorithms. This study uses the ECC algorithm as the algorithm ECDH and ECDSA key exchange as the algorithm for signing and verifying. The comparison results of ECC and RSA processing time is 1:25, so the ECC is more efficient. The total processing time of ECC is 0,006 seconds and RSA is 0,152 seconds. The researcher succeeded to implement the ECC algorithm as securing algorithms in mining process of 3 scenarios, normal, failed, and fake bitcoin transactions.
Computer Science and Engineering
Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Ph.D. Computer Science and Engineering Cyber Security Certified Information Systems Security, India., Alex. R. Mathew
Blockchain technology has seen adoption in many industries and most predominantly in finance through the use of cryptocurrencies. However, the technology is viable in cybersecurity. This paper looked at several use cases of Blockchain in the cybersecurity industry as envisioned by 30 researchers. It found that most researchers are concentrating on the adoption of Blockchain to protect IoT (Internet of Things) devices, networks, and data. The paper examined the ways highlighted by previous researchers through which Blockchain can afford security to the three problematic areas in IT. Lastly, the paper recommended that future researchers focus on a single Blockchain on which to develop cybersecurity applications to allow for integration and uniformity among solutions.
The biggest advantage of introducing blockchain is that it can deliver data to members while maintaining the security of medical data sensitive to personal privacy. That is, by using a blockchain in the ecosystem of medical information, it is possible to connect the insurer, the health care organization, and the patient. The blockchain provides health data efficiently and increases accuracy and efficiency when changing patient data through the health system. In addition, it improves the efficiency and control of patients' personal health data and increases the price transparency of pharmaceuticals and health services. So far, the healthcare industry has had strict regulations and policies to limit data security and personal privacy. Therefore, this paper has suggested the framework with functions to support clinical decision making more efficiently using blockchain technology and FHIR data standards. Basically, this framework is built on the FHIR, which is designed to be provided to patients. In addition, it complements and uses open key encryption technology and meets the key requirements required in interoperability functions, such as user identification/authentication, secure data exchange, and authorized data. In particular, it provides further secure data exchange method aiming access guarantee, consistent data format and system modularity. These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for
August Thio-ac, Alfred Keanu Serut, Rayn Louise Torrejos, Keenan Dave Rivo · 5 authors
Electronic systems tend to simplify the tedious traditional scheme and basically focuses on the platform design and process organization. The integrity of the output of an automated system is not left behind but the possibility of internal manipulation is still high. This paper presents the current issues in company procurements and the solution in the form of blockchain technology. Several individuals and professionals were asked to evaluate a blockchain-based procurement system in comparison to the current electronic (e-procurement) system. A blockchain-based system has the capability to hold transactional data with complete decentralization and eliminate the growing number of fraud cases in companies and organizations. This paper mainly focuses on the effectiveness of a blockchain-based system in company procurements.
This research presents a novel mechanism of digital asset trading system on blockchain called JSP-DATS. The JSP-DATS includes (1) a novel mechanism of trading, and (2) a novel mechanism of blockchain which will be the infrastructure of the system. The proposed novel mechanism of blockchain uses the "Random-Checker Proof of Stake" consensus model which can decrease transaction time. The blockchain of the JSP-DATS has been designed to multiple layers. This design is easy to develop, and can be used for further research. The internal mechanism of the proposed system including steps of encoding/decoding, key management, and the storage of encrypted digital assets on the blockchain has will be discussed in this paper. In addition, we have implemented the designed model using Microsoft Visual C++ and encryption libraries from the MSDN web-site to create a software prototype. The prototype is used to study and measure the speed of the proposed scheme. The results show that transaction time of the proposed scheme is lower than that in BitCoin and Ethereum blockchain. With the proposed scheme, the seller (digital asset owners) can see transactions of the trading system transparently, and they can receive their percentage share immediately. In addition, we expect that buyers will indirectly benefit from purchasing digital assets at a lower price.
Traditional elections satisfy neither citizens nor political authorities in recent years. They are not fully secure since it is easy to attack votes. It threatens also privacy and transparency of voters. Additionally, it takes too much time to count the votes. This paper proposes a solution using Blockchain to eliminate all the disadvantages of conventional elections. Security and data integrity of votes are absolutely provided theoretically. Voter privacy is another requirement that is ensured in the system. Lastly, the waiting time for results decreased significantly in the proposed Blockchain voting system.
Process Mining (PM) is a special data mining technique that allows extracting information from data of critical transactions (i.e. event logs) carried out in Information Systems and monitors the patterns in these transactions. When we start to process event logs with process mining tools, we face with data quality problems such as incorrect and insufficient logging and timing. Thus, data cleaning operations must be applied to event logs before applying process mining on these logs. Being an innovative medium of distributed data processing and storage with the features of enhanced security, traceability, automated transaction verification and integration, Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts might be a good option to process and store event logs for process mining. In this paper, we focused on the cleaning of the event logs by smart contract as data is flowing from the information systems into the blockchain, and used Hyperledger Composer by IBM to develop our solution. We tested our proposal on an open process data of 1555 records, and compared the cleaning performance of our proposal with that of DataWrangler by Stanford University. Our proposal not only cleaned all 1313 records identified and cleaned by DataWrangler, it also saved 12 additional records with a different date format that was caught and corrected by our smart contract implementation.
Security of IoT devices and applications can be improved by using the emerging Blockchain Technology which uses decentralised interaction and scalable architectures with security and distributed trust. In this work a review of Lightweight scalable Blockchain is proposed for security and privacy of IoT devices. An IoT scenario of smart home is used for illustrative purposes but this proposed architecture is wellsuited for diverse IoT applications. Effectiveness of this architecture is analysed using common threat models which provides an appropriate assessment for security and privacy implementation for smart home.
International roaming is one of the many essential services a carrier enables on its customer's subscriber identity module (SIM) cards that allows its users to send and receive calls, messages, and e-mails whenever they travel to another country. From its beginnings in voice roaming in the last 1.5 decades up to today, international roaming has been a pivotal contributor to the sales of telecommunications carriers. It does however come at a high cost, which the users end up paying, due to numerous factors such as roaming agreements between home carriers and visited carriers as well as clearinghouses needed by companies to settle disputes in agreements between the carriers involved. This paper proposes a consortium blockchain approach coupled with smart contract application. The decentralized nature of a blockchain and the automation that smart contracts provide solves two of international roaming problems-intermediaries and high cost. Together with Tendermint-a consensus mechanism that requires no mining, implementation of the consortium blockchain can be done involving all carriers around the world with them being the privileged users and verify the transactions of two engaging carriers. With this setup, the blockchain is privatized yet still able to perform the essential functions of a blockchain, which are immutability, security, and transparency of data. The proposal can eliminate the need for continually changing roaming agreements and clearing houses that increase the price for the users as well as slow down the processing time making international roaming services much more efficient, user-friendly and cost-effective for both its consumers and carriers.
Abstrak Abstrak Bitcoin adalah mata uang kripto yang dikembangkan pada tahun 2019 oleh seorang ahli kriptografi dengan nama samaran Satoshi Nakamoto, karena Bitcoin memiliki jumlah yang terbatas sebanyak 21juta koin yang sifatnya mirip seperti emas yang jumlahnya terbatas. Bitcoin menggunakan teknologi blokchain yang artinya berjalan tanpa terikat oleh 1 pihak atau tanpa berpusat di satu titik yang artinya blokchain bersifat desentralisasi dan terdistribusi ke berbagai klien yang terhubung ke jaringan peer to peer blokchain. Adapun manfaat yang bisa diambil dari transaksi yang menggunakan Bitcoin, selain dari segi praktis dalam penggunaan juga kecepatan dalam bertransaksi, biaya transfer rendah sehingga membuat para pengguna dan komonitas Bitcoin itu sendiri memilih Bitcoin sebagai alat transaksi mereka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Artificial Neural network (ANN) dengan model topologi Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). Dari 7,4 tahun data close price Bitcoin dengan struktur ANN terbaik 9-10-1 (7 variabel input, 1 hidden layer dengan 10 neuron dan 1 output) menghasilkan nilai root means square error (RMSE) 2350,0515. Kata kunci : Bitcoin, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). Abstract Bitcoin is a crypto currency that was developed in 2019 by a cryptographer with a pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, because Bitcoin has a limited number of 21 million coins that are similar in appearance to a limited amount of gold. Bitcoin uses blockchain technology, which means it runs without being bound by 1 party or without centering on one point, which means the block is decentralized and distributed to various clients connected to the peer to peer network block chain. As for the benefits that can be taken from transactions that use Bitcoin, in addition to the practical aspects of the use of speed in transactions, the transfer fee is low so that the users and community of Bitcoin themselves choose Bitcoin as their transaction tool. The method used in this study is Artificial Neural network (ANN) with the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) topology model. From 7,4 years of data close price Bitcoin with the best ANN structure 9-10-1 (7 input variables, 1 hidden layer with 10 neurons and 1 output) produces a root means square error (RMSE) 2350,0515. Keywords: Bitcoin, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN).
The fields of computer science and engineering are undergoing rapid change, with significant advances in areas including the internet-of-things, cloud computing, and blockchain technologies. Consequently, the gap between traditional course material taught to students in B.S./M.S. programs at universities and the cutting edge of technology used in industry is widening at an unprecedented rate. Students may get overwhelmed and discouraged by the amount of material they need to learn, contributing to high dropout rates in STEM fields, particularly in computer science and engineering. We propose a hands-on laboratory based approach to teach the students the basics of these emerging areas. The objective is to motivate and engage students by encouraging them to tinker with physical systems, so that they can develop an intuitive understanding of the new technologies. We present an approach using the Raspberry Pi, a small and inexpensive platform that allows students to build interesting applications in the area of the internet-of-things. We provide the preferred sequencing of necessary material, and the required combination of different software modules necessary to teach the students. We discuss our experience of teaching this course to both graduate and undergraduate students. Our results should be beneficial to instructors interested in exposing their students to these emerging technologies. Our main finding is that students prefer hands-on laboratory exercises to theoretical instruction. They are able to grasp concepts better when there is a short theoretical lecture followed immediately by related hands-on laboratory exercises. We present specific laboratory exercises to teach students about the end-to-end processing involved in acquiring images, creating immutable records using a cryptographic hash function, and transmitting and storing them on the cloud. These lab exercises provide students with an understanding of camera-based security applications, basic blockchain technology, and cloud computing.
The blockchain represented by Bitcoin, the distributed ledger system can prevent double spending effectively and other issues. But it has caused the concentration of bitcoin mining power, which completely contradicts the essential feature of the complete decentralization of the blockchain. In the blockchain system, transaction data information among users is transparently stored on the chain, and each participant can obtain a complete data backup. These transaction data are stored in an open and transparent manner on each node of the entire network, although it can prevent data forgery and tampering, it brings data privacy problems. In this paper, we propose a multi-level reward structure for the problem of centralized power calculation in the mining pool. This structure can make the miners work alone to prove the workload and obtain the reward through their own calculation power, in order to weaken the role of the mining pool. At the same time, for the data privacy security problem in the bitcoin trading system, we have improved the bitcoin puzzle, and proposed a puzzle scheme based on non-interactive zero-knowledge proof to ensure data transaction security.
Most enterprise blockchain applications rely on real world trust relationship such as the business in financial institutions, entertainment industry, supply chain industry, transportation, education, healthcare services, etc. Hyperledger aims to advance blockchain technology that confederate in the cross-industry to open standard platform for distributed ledgers, which can transform the way business transactions are controlled globally. As we know currently the model of blockchain have permissionless blockchain and permissioned blockchain, which the permissionless blockchain such as Bitcoin cryptocurrency that anyone can operate a node and participate through spending CPU cycle and demonstrating a proof of work. On the other hand, permissioned blockchain model control who participates in validation and in the protocol. More over these nodes typically have established identities and form a consortium. Therefore, to make the innovation application that need the authority and permission for submitting the transaction we will select the hyperledger fabric framework to develop our project. Hence this paper will focus to study to develop a prototype of healthcare service application in dental clinic service. In order to keep records transactions that are accessible and controlled the authority by participants which it has a transaction id number that generate by hash number mechanism running by hyperledger composer. This application will create a trust relationship wherein the goal is to set up a set of participants in an ecosystem that it needed in health care service in the field of sharing the medical equipment and transaction that can save a variety of costs and make an interoperability process in the clinics.
Traditional customer loyalty programs in the FastMoving Consumer Goods industry have several bottlenecks such as lost paper-based coupons and payback process complications. This paper presents the design of a blockchain-based customer loyalty program called Promotion Asset Exchange (PAX) framework, to solve bottlenecks in the traditional customer loyalty programs. PAX framework adopts the smart contracts of blockchain technology by using PAX token to digitalize transaction processes. It provides improved usability for users and more detailed information to be gathered from manufacturing companies' perspective.
This paper presents all studies, methodology, and results about Bitcoin forecasting with PROPHET and ARIMA methods using R analytics platform. To find the most accurate forecast model, the performance metrics of PROPHET and ARIMA methods are compared on the same dataset. The dataset selected for this study starts from May 2016 and ends in March 2018, which is the interval that Bitcoin values changing significantly against the other currencies. Data is prepared for time series analysis by performing data preprocessing steps such as time stamp conversion and feature selection. Although the time series analysis has a univariate characteristics, it is aimed to include some additional variables to each model to improve the forecasting accuracy. Those additional variables are selected based on different correlation studies between cryptocurrencies and real currencies. The model selection for both ARIMA and PROPHET is done by using threefold splitting technique considering the time series characteristics of the dataset. The threefold splitting technique gave the optimum ratios for training, validation, and test sets. Finally two different models are created and compared in terms of performance metrics. Based on the extensive testing we see that PROPHET outperforms ARIMA by 0.94 to 0.68 in R2values.
Abstrak Bitcoin adalah salah satu cryptocurrency yang sedang diminati untuk menjadi media investasi dalam meraih keuntungan secara finansial. Meskipun sedang digemari, investasi menggunakan bitcoin masih memiliki resiko yang cukup besar. Agar dapat mengantisipasi resiko yang didapat dalam berinvestasi menggunakan Bitcoin, diperlukan suatu sistem prediksi yang dapat memprediksi pergerakan kurs nilai tukar Bitcoin. Untuk memprediksi harga Bitcoin maka data historis harga Bitcoin akan dipelajari hingga mengenali polapola tertentu. Jaringan syaraf tiruan merupakan salah satu metode yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mempelajari polapola dari suatu data. Sistem yang dibangun pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode jaringan syaraf tiruan yaitu dengan menggunakan arsitektur Long Short Term Memory Neural Networks. Namun teknik ini memerlukan parameter yang tepat untuk mendapatkan hasil prediksi yang akurat. Dalam tugas akhir ini menganalisis beberapa parameter seperti jumlah pola time series, jumlah neuron hidden, max epoch, dan komposisi data latih dan uji terhadap akurasi prediksi yang didapatkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dibangun mampu memprediksi harga Bitcoin dengan baik, dengan rata-rata tingkat akurasi sebesar 93.5% terhadap data testing. Kata kunci : bitcoin, prediksi, jaringan syaraf tiruan, long short term memory Abstract Bitcoin is one of the cryptocurrencies that are in demand to become a medium of investment in achieving financial benefits. While it is popular, investments using bitcoin still have considerable risk. In order to anticipate the risks involved in investing using Bitcoin, a prediction system is needed that can predict the movement of the Bitcoin exchange rate. To predict the price of Bitcoin, Bitcoin price historical data will be studied to recognize certain patterns. Artificial neural networks are one method that has the ability to study patterns of data. The system built on this research is using artificial neural network method by using Long Short Term Memory Neural Networks architecture. But this technique needs the right parameters to get accurate prediction results. In this final project analyze the number of neurons in the input and hidden layer to the prediction accuracy obtained. The results of the analysis show that the built system is able to predict the Bitcoin price well, with an accuracy of 95.12% to the data testing. Keywords: bitcoin, prediction, artificial neural network, long short term memory
With the successful application of Bitcoin, the underlying blockchain technology has been attracted the attention by more and more scholars, financial institutions and commercial companies. Blockchain technology integrates some key technologies such as finance, cryptography, computer science, and game theory, and builds a distributed record system that is decentralized, mutually trusted, and tamper-proof. This paper demonstrates the basic principles and features of blockchain, then analyzes the key technologies and characteristics of blockchain technology including asymmetric encryption, P2P, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts. In the last part of the paper, the author summarizes the potential application scenarios to blockchain and focuses on applications of the blockchain technology in the power industry.
Redha Arifan Juanda, Jondri Jondri, Aniq Atiqi Rohmawati
Abstrak Bitcoin adalah salah satu kurensi elektronik yang bersifat terdesentralisasi dan tidak diatur atau dijamin oleh otoritas pusat. Sebagai sebuah sistem yang masih berusia muda, mengakibatkan harga Bitcoin sangat fluktuatif dan sering kali membuat resah pengguna dan investor Bitcoin. Oleh karena itu, diusulkan sebuah metode atau sistem prediksi harga Bitcoin dengan mempelajari pola dan tingkah laku data time series harga historisnya. Sebelumnya telah dilakukan penelitian yang serupa yaitu prediksi harga Bitcoin dengan menggunakan Support Vector Machines. Teknik yang diusulkan pada penelitian ini yaitu prediksi harga Bitcoin dengan menggunakan salah satu arsitektur Artificial Neural Network (ANN) yaitu Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Semakin optimal model yang dibangun maka akan semakin tinggi pula akurasi yang dihasilkan. Bobot RNN yang optimal dapat diperoleh dengan algoritma optimasi Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT). Dari proses pelatihan dan pengujian, didapatkan akurasi terbaik sebesar 98.76% pada data latih dan 97.46% pada data uji. Kata kunci : Bitcoin, Recurrent Neural Network, Data Time Series, Prediksi, Backpropagation Through Time Abstract Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency, as the system works without a central bank or single administrator. As the system is still young, Bitcoin prices are very volatile and often make users and investors worried. Therefore, the author proposed a method or a system of Bitcoin prices prediction by studying the pattern and behavior of time series data. Previously, a similar study has been conducted, the prediction of Bitcoin prices using Support Vector Machines. The technique proposed in this research is Bitcoin prices prediction using one of Artificial Neural Network architecture (ANN) which is Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The more optimal the model is built the higher the accuracy will be produced. The optimal RNN weight can be obtained with Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) optimization algorithm. From the training and testing processes, the model archieves the highest accuracy of 98,76% on training data and 97,46% on testing data. Keywords: Bitcoin, Recurrent Neural Network, Time Series Data, Forecasting, Backpropagation Through Time
Blockchain serving as an unalterable ledger, has received widespread attentions recently, which allows carrying out transactions with a decentralized matter. Applications with blockchain technology are springing up. However, financial applications especially in bank liquidation system are still facing big challenges. This paper first presents a consensus combined delegated-proof-of-stake protocol and BFT algorithm together. At the same time, using parallel idea and redesigned blockchain structure make the system more efficiency.