Blockchain Papers

Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal

No abstract is available for this record.

Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal

No abstract is available for this record.

Eleu Wong Ellinger, Tobias Mini, Robert Wayne Gregory, Thomas Widjaja

An increasing number of platform organizations are run by agentic algorithms. While much is known about algorithmic management on centralized platform organizations such as Uber, where human agency is limited through data-driven surveillance and control, decentralized organizing has begun to emerge in agentic IS platforms, characterized by conjoined human and algorithmic agency. We examine this shift toward decentralized organizing by analyzing multiple cases of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) that leverage blockchain technology and seek to expand, not limit, collective human action while being run by agentic algorithms. The phenomenon of DAOs gives rise to a puzzle: How is collective action facilitated in agentic IS platforms when they are increasingly run by algorithms? Our findings show that agentic algorithms have the ability to facilitate collective action that is aligned around a common human purpose dynamically negotiated through adaptation of the set of algorithms running the organization. We explain how collective action is enacted in DAOs, as an example of agentic IS platforms, presenting a grounded model developed inductively based on our multiple-case study. Our study complements and extends the work of Baird and Maruping (2021) by expanding the focus of analysis of agentic IS artifacts to agentic IS platforms and considering facilitation as well as delegation. Our detailed findings about decentralized algorithmic management and decentralized management of algorithms in DAOs extend the literature on platform organizing, which thus far has paid only limited attention to the unique mechanisms at play in the context of conjoined agency.

Frank Kottler, Konstantin Graf

No abstract is available for this record.

Anna Kaczmarczyk, Monika Sitarska-Buba

The main purpose of the paper is to discuss the nature of the enterprise architecture of the blockchain platform (EAoBP). The authors also highlighted how the main technology challenges for enterprises are addressed through the proposed solution. The paper consists of the introduction and 3 chapters. Chapter 2 presents related works about the blockchain technology and defines the platform concept. The architecture layers which are required to build the enterprise blockchain platforms are described in the 3rd chapter. The 4th chapter constitutes the implementation aspects of the EAoBP. The permissioned blockchain systems leverage a cross-organizational collaboration model, what constitutes cooperation within the network without 3rd party authorities. The open source character of the implementation technology and the clear guidance of the scope of each layer clarified in the article should help businesses in applying the concept.

Catherine Mulligan, Phil Godsiff, Alexis Brunelle

Blockchain is a relatively new technology that is often described as “creating trust” or “removing intermediaries”. In this paper, we posit that blockchain is a new form of digitally-enabled boundary spanning that allows co-ownership models for the companies in question. Where companies have traditionally employed humans to act as interfaces to the external world, new digital technologies enable a digitised approach to many corporate operations that require interaction towards the external market and environment within which firms must operate. Blockchain is a special subset of digital technologies in this regard, enabling companies to co-operate to control parts of the market and to internalise transaction costs that until now have been a market function; using blockchain companies effectively create a new transaction boundary that means boundary spanning can be deeply embedded in core business, rather than kept to its periphery. This digitally-enabled boundary spanning is a key attribute of the emerging digital economy. Understanding its implications is of critical importance for economics, business and social science literature.

Moderc, Gašper

No abstract is available for this record.

Rumy Narayan, Annika Tidström

No abstract is available for this record.

Tobias Riasanow, Lea Jäntgen, Sebastian Hermes, Markus Böhm · 5 authors

Abstract Digital transformation is continuously changing ecosystems, which also forces established companies to re-evaluate their value proposition. However, only transformations of single ecosystems have been studied. Therefore, this work targets to examine the similarities of digital transformation in five platform ecosystems: automotive, blockchain, financial, insurance, and IIoT. For our analysis, we combine the strengths of conceptual modeling using e3 value with a cluster analysis based on text mining to identify similarities in the respective ecosystems. As a result, we identified 15 clusters. Cluster 01 is the core cluster, containing the roles of organizations from all five ecosystems. Cluster 02–05 are intertwined, as they include roles from at least two ecosystems. Clusters 06–15 are ecosystem-specific that only include roles found in one ecosystem. Scholars and practitioners can use these clusters when analyzing or building a new platform ecosystem, or transforming a traditional ecosystem towards a platform ecosystem.

Sebastian Richter, Erich Heumüller

No abstract is available for this record.

Jessica Schmeiss, Katharina Hoelzle, Robin P. G. Tech

The paradox of openness is inherent to all platform ecosystems—the tension in enabling maximum openness to create joint innovation while guaranteeing value capturing for all actors. Governance mechanisms to solve this paradox are embedded into the technical architecture of the platform, addressing the dimensions of access, control, and incentives. Blockchain technology offers unique ways to design novel governance mechanisms through the standardization of interactions. However, the design of such an architecture requires careful consideration of the cost associated with it.

Sander van Welsem

This thesis explores how strategic and communication design can have an influence on the adoption process of blockchain or distributed ledger technology. It does so through dividing the thesis into four parts: Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver. In short: Discover: What is found is that distributed ledger development is a technology push development. Companies only explore the technical possibilities and the viability and desirability of the technology are underexposed. This has caused for a chasm to appear between the enthusiasts and the rest of business and society. Define: Through a set of interviews it is discovered distributed ledger technology can grow the fastest if it is developed in a collaborative setting. For this to happen, more people need to join in the movement. It is determined that a new mindset needs to be created. A mindset that is daring, bold and experiment friendly. Failure should be seen as a learning moment. Develop: To make sure companies can engage in mindset development, a tool is created. This tool is based upon the realisation that an immersive and playful experience is the best way to reach an audience. Thus, a workshop is developed, based on a set of canvasses. Define: As this thesis follows a lean development cycle, a simple prototype is developed. This prototype is then iterated upon through testing, reflecting and redesigning. In the end, a design of four canvasses and a booklet is created that help companies to on-board new partners. What was found, is that strategic and communication design are two fields that compliment each other in just right way to influence the adoption of DLT. Through the iterative and user focused process of strategic design, tools were created that help people to understand the complexity of DLT through a simple and smooth experience. At the same time, communication design provided the exact approach needed in guiding a group of people through the multiple layers of complexity of DLT-ecosystems. By understanding the abstraction of their own context in contrast to the technological possibilities, new understanding and appreciation of networked-collaboration was created. This new-found appreciation should ultimately result in a foundation of common ground and understanding, upon which the adoption of DLT can be built and spread.

Stefan Seebacher, Ronny Schüritz

In expectation of an impending technological disruption, organizations get familiar with blockchain technology and scout for first value delivering implementations. So far, the promises and expectations fall short and large scale blockchain applications and ecosystems, apart from cryptocurrencies, are still missing. One aspect that contributes to this shortcoming is that blockchain projects face a multitude of implementation barriers, which have not yet been systematically identified. Blockchain can serve as a technological fabric, connecting different parties in a business network and facilitating information exchange. Such systems show clear resemblance to interorganizational information systems (IOIS). Therefore, the questions can be raised to what extent blockchain systems face the same implementation barriers as compared to any other IOIS implementation and, thus, if IOIS literature can be a valuable source for overcoming these barriers? To investigate these questions, we conduct a series of interviews with experts that have implemented blockchain prototypes in an interorganizational context and compare the derived barriers with the results of a structured literature review on challenges of IOIS implementations. We identify technical, organizational and network challenges that emerge along the blockchain implementation process and illustrate how the development of blockchain-based systems extends the existing knowledge on IOIS.

Lehlohonolo Letho

The dissertation examined the effect of cryptocurrencies on the portfolio risk-adjusted returns of traditional and alternative investments using daily arithmetic returns from August 2015 to October 2018 of traditional assets (South African stocks, bonds, currencies), alternative assets (commodities, South African real estate) and cryptocurrencies (Cryptocurrency index (CRIX) and ten other individual cryptocurrencies). This is worth investigating as cryptocurrencies have been performing well while the listed equities in South Africa and most alternative investments have been underperforming (Srilakshmi & Karpagam, 2017). The mean-variance analysis, the Sharpe ratio, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) and the mean-variance spanning techniques were employed to analyse the data. The spanning test carried out was the multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression Wald test. The research findings showed that the inclusion of cryptocurrencies in a portfolio of investments improves the efficient frontier of the portfolio of investments and the portfolio of investments risk-adjusted returns. Moreover, the findings suggested that cryptocurrencies are good portfolio diversification assets. However, investments in cryptocurrencies should be made with caution as the risks of investments are high in relation to traditional and alternative investments. The findings of this study advocate for individual and institutional investors to include cryptocurrencies within their South African portfolio of traditional and alternative investments.

Ireneusz Miciuła

No abstract is available for this record.

Olga Sushko, А.А. Kaznin

No abstract is available for this record.

Imad Bani Hani, Olgerta Tona, Sven Carlsson

The main premise of self-service business analytics (SSBA) is to make business users autonomous during data analytics. Driven by this potential, organizations are spending resources to design SSBA environmet to empower business employees and decentralize the analytics capabilities. Yet, little is known about how SSBA is facilitating business employees’ independence, and moreover, the value that is co-created. Based on empirical data from a major Norwegian online marketplace and drawing on service-dominant logic as an analytical framework, we identify three main modes of data engagement in SSBA: no dependency, high dependency, and low dependency. Furthermore, we identify the required business users’ resources in the analytical processes in each mode. We discuss the organizational implications of these findings.

Wenjin Zhang

The block chain constructs a decentralized trust and collaboration system. The emergence of block chain technology effectively solves the problem that trust and value cannot be transferred in the Internet era, which makes information have value and guarantees the rights and interests of information producers. This paper briefly introduces the basic concept of block chain, and then expounds the application value of block chain technology in the field of global trade and finance.

Tom Savel, Katherine Kuzmeskas, Chrissa McFarlane, Mihaela Ulieru

Session Description: Tokenization is a fundamental and transformation feature enabled via a blockchain. Tokenization is the digital representation of a real-world or digital asset of value (e.g., health data, real estate, music, insurance, advertising, art). Once tokenized, assets can be easily and securely exchanged. Within the healthcare ecosystem, these digital assets can be used for many different purposes (incentivizing positive health behaviors, reward data sharing, facilitate communication, assuring data quality, etc.). This session will discuss the transformational impact tokenization can have within the healthcare ecosystem. Topics will also include the use of next generation, non-fungible tokens (e.g., ERC-721, “CryptoKitties”). As every technology has its challenges, concerns and pitfalls around tokenization and the internet of value will be discussed.

Marc Lassagne, Laurent Dehouck

his article examines the risks and opportunities associated with distributed ledgers technologies. A novel methodology is developed and presented in order to diagnose and manage their impacts using a strategic risk management perspective. Possible responses to the identified challenges are suggested.

Andreas Freund, Danielle Stanko

Starting with BitTorrent and then Bitcoin, decentralized technologies have been on the rise over the last 15+ years, gaining significant momentum in the last 2+ years with the advent of platform ecosystems such as the Blockchain platform Ethereum. New projects have evolved from decentralized games to marketplaces to open funding models to decentralized autonomous organizations. The hype around cryptocurrency and the valuation of innovative projects drove the market cap of cryptocurrencies to over a trillion dollars at one point in 2017. These high valued technologies are now enabling something new: globally scaled and decentralized business models. Despite their valuation and the hype, these new business ecosystems are frail. This is not only because the underlying technology is rapidly evolving, but also because competitive markets see a profit opportunity in exponential cryptocurrency returns. This extracts value from these ecosystems, which could lead to their collapse, if unchecked. In this paper, we explore novel ways for decentralized economies to protect themselves from, and coexist with, competitive markets at a global scale utilizing decentralized technologies such as Blockchain.

Andreas Freund, Danielle Stanko

Starting with BitTorrent and then Bitcoin, decentralized technologies have been on the rise over the last 15+ years, gaining significant momentum in the last 2+ years with the advent of platform ecosystems such as the Blockchain platform Ethereum. New projects have evolved from decentralized games to marketplaces to open funding models to decentralized autonomous organizations. The hype around cryptocurrency and the valuation of innovative projects drove the market cap of cryptocurrencies to over a trillion dollars at one point in 2017. These high valued technologies are now enabling something new: globally scaled, decentralized business models. Despite their valuation and the hype, these new business ecosystems are frail. This is not only because the underlying technology is rapidly evolving, but also because competitive markets see a profit opportunity in exponential cryptocurrency returns. This extracts value from these ecosystems, which could lead to their collapse, if unchecked. In this paper, we explore novel ways for decentralized economies to protect themselves from, and coexist with competitive markets at a global scale utilizing decentralized technologies such as Blockchain.

Aleksi Heinonen

No abstract is available for this record.

Jiřı́ Málek, Van Quang Tran

Author Jiří Málek acknowledges the financial support of Czech Science Foundation with grant GAČR 18-05244S “Innovative Approaches to Credit Risk Management” and Institutional support IP 100040/1020. Author Tran van Quang is grateful for the financial support of grant GAČR 18-05244S “Innovative Approaches to Credit Risk Management” of Czech Science Foundation.