T. N. Shankar, P Rakesh, T Bhargawa Rao, L Hari Bharadwaj · 6 authors
Out of many problems regarding land recording, so many fraudulent methods can be applied to obtain the records from the virtual storage system. The factors related to it might vary from time to time and place to place, but one of the common and vital ones would be the lack of security for such sensitive records. To reduce the severity of a secure storage system for these records, implementation of user authentication can assist as an additional security policy in case of land details theft. Unlike conventional methods, the land record would be encrypted with an asymmetric algorithm, where the implementation of common reformations in technology, especially in security can be referred blockchain for data safety, iris recognition and OTP for authentication can notify the record owner about any kind of illegal activities on the secured records. And in terms of encryption, the asymmetric key policy is referred to with blockchain technology to encrypt the land records.
Biometric Identification and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In the digital era, one of the aspects is data security, where the combination of biometrics with blockchain is introduced as an advanced and durable technique to protect sensitive information. In modern society, biometric systems are widely employed instead of the password as an authentication process with high-level security, is complicated to hack the system by the hacker. At this juncture, the blockchain can provide high-level security as a fast-accessing process in an efficient manner. Any authentication process refers to some conventional hashing policy for the preparation of digital signatures. The same digital signature can process with the blockchain technique by referring to the hashing approach is discussed in this paper.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Securing the traceability of products in a supply chain is an urgent issue. Recently, supply-chain systems that use a blockchain have been proposed. In these systems, the blockchain is used as a common database shared among supply chain parties to secure the integrity and reliability of distribution information such as ownership transfer records. These systems thus secure a high level of traceability in the supply chain. Considering future scalability of supply chains, public permissionless blockchain (PPBC) is a promising approach. In this approach, however, distribution information that should be kept private is made public since the information recorded in PPBC can be read by anyone. We therefore propose a method for preserving privacy while securing traceability in a supply chain system using PPBC. The proposed method preserves privacy by concealing distribution information via encryption. In addition, the proposed method ensures distribution among legitimate supply chain parties while concealing their blockchain addresses by using zero-knowledge proofs.We implement the proposed method on Ethereum smart contracts and verify the system behavior. The results show that the proposed method works as expected, and that system usage cost per distribution party is at most 2.2 × 106 gas units in terms of blockchain transaction fees.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In the past few years, the blockchain emerged as peer-to-peer distributed ledger technology for recording transactions, maintained by many peers without any central trusted regulatory authority through distributed public-key cryptography and consensus mechanism. It has not only given the birth of cryptocurrencies, but it also resolved various security, privacy and transparency issues of decentralized systems. This article discussed the blockchain basics overview, architecture, and blockchain security components such as hash function, Merkle tree, digital signature, and Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). In addition to the core idea of blockchain, we focus on ECC's significance in the blockchain. We also discussed why RSA and other key generation mechanisms are not suitable for blockchain-based IoT applications. We also analyze many possible blockchain-based applications where ECC algorithm is better than other algorithms concerning security and privacy assurance. At the end of the article, we will explain the comparative analysis of ECC and RSA.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain has been a breakthrough in the technology since the last decade and is anticipated as the go-to thing due to features presented by it. The features such as secure, immutable, transparent, and anonymous makes Blockchain technology the frontrunner in the untrustworthy distributed environment. The driving force behind the Blockchain technology are the consensus algorithms that are at the heart of any Blockchain technology. These algorithms determine the security and performance of any Blockchain. The most popular consensus algorithm is the Proof-of-Work which was first used in the Bitcoin. Since then, a number of consensus algorithms have been proposed. This paper presents a brief overview of the Blockchain Technology and popular cryptocurrencies based on Blockchain. Next, the most popular consensus algorithms in the context of Blockchain and cryptocurrencies are discussed.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In this paper, we present a protocol for facilitating trust-less cross-chain cryptocurrency transfers that preserve privacy of bridge withdrawals. We leverage zero-knowledge primitives that are commonly used to design cryptocurrency mixing protocols to provide similar functionality but across two or more blockchains. To that end, we receive cryptocurrency mixing for free through the bridge operations and de-scribe how to extend these protocols to incentivise bridge transfers using past ideas. We describe how resulting protocols lead to similar vampire style attacks coined in the Uniswap vs. Sushiswap saga but across chains.
Open access
2 source records
cs.CR
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
With the rapid growth in the sector of information technology and easy access to cheap and advanced office instruments in the market, the faking of important documents has become a matter of concern nowadays. Therefore, the need for verification and authentication practices of various important documents in the form of banking documents, government documents, transaction documents, educational certificates etc is also increasing. However, various challenging and tedious processes have made document verification very complex and time-consuming which motivated us to conduct this research. In this paper, we present a decentralized web application for digital document verification using Ethereum blockchain-based technology in P2P cloud storage to enhance the verification process by making it more open, transparent, and auditable. The proposed model includes several methods such as public/private key cryptography, online storage security, digital signatures, hash, peer-to-peer networks and proof of work which has made the verification of any uploaded documents for any organization or authority faster and convenient with just a click. Furthermore, respective hash values are also assigned to each individual document. Our proposed model successfully meets up all the criteria for a digital document verification system by alleviating the gaps and difficulties in the traditional methods in document verification.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cloud Data Security Solutions
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
D. Srivatsa, N. S. Jai Aakash, S. Sahisnu, Priyanka Kumar
Abstract The supply chain management industry is struggling with inadequate resources for efficient authenticity verification. Blockchain technology and smart contracts can overcome such conventional limitations to authenticate products in an easy, economical and secure manner. Decentralized and immutable blockchain systems allow product tracking to its origin.In this paper we have proposed and implemented a system for product authentication using blockchain technology based on ethereum platform by making use of smart contracts. We have analysed the existing centralized system and the need to shift from the existing centralized system to a decentralized blockchain based ledger technology. The use of blockchain technology in supply chain technology has reduced the complexity in product authentication by making the entire history of the product available from its production stage till it reaches the customer.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Currency Recognition and Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Abstract Election is an important event in all countries. Conventional voting suffers many issues, such as cost of time and efforts needed for tallying and counting results, cost in papers, arrangements and all that it takes for a voting process to be achieved. Many countries such as Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Switzerland, the UK, Venezuela and the Philippines considered online e-voting systems, but the traditional e-voting systems suffer a lack of trust, it is not known if a vote is counted correctly, tampered or not. The voter has no guarantee that his/her vote is considered as they voted in elections, it’s a lack of transparency. A solution is e-voting systems based on blockchain (sometimes referred as Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)) has now turned to be promising for what properties it offer, such as, privacy, security, transparency, accuracy, decentralization in which no central control exist, and most of all, creates an immutable system, where citizens are allowed to vote from their location by using digital devices (smart phones, computers, electronic voting machines). Also, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many technology applications are heading towards systems with all these properties, at the same time, maintaining social distancing. This review introduced many different ideas for implementing e-voting systems based on Blockchain and how the users (voters and candidates) interact with the system showing the voting process from the first step of registration to authentication till showing the final results. At the end of this review we will illustrate a table that contain all mechanisms used in the papers involved that covers the most important requirements needed for every e-voting system based on blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Iago Sestrem Ochôa, Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt, Leonardo Calbusch, Juan F. De Paz · 7 authors
Since the early 2000s, life in cities has changed significantly due to the Internet of Things (IoT). This concept enables developers to integrate different devices collecting, storing, and processing a large amount of data, enabling new services to improve various professional and personal activities. However, privacy issues arise with a large amount of data generated, and solutions based on blockchain technology and smart contract have been developed to address these issues. Nevertheless, several issues must still be taken into account when developing blockchain architectures aimed at the IoT scenario because security flaws still exist in smart contracts, mainly due to the lack of ease when building the code. This article presents a blockchain storage architecture focused on license plate recognition (LPR) systems for smart cities focusing on privacy, performance, and security. The proposed architecture relies on the Ethereum platform. Each smart contract matches the privacy preferences of a license plate to be anonymized through public encryption. The storage of data captured by the LPR system can only be done if the smart contract enables it. However, in the case of motivation foreseen by the legislation, a competent user can change the smart contract and enable the storage of the data captured by the LPR system. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed architecture is satisfactory, regarding the scalability of the built private network. Furthermore, tests on our smart contract using security and structure analysis tools on the developed script demonstrate that our solution is fraud-proof. The results obtained in all experiments bring evidence that our architecture is feasible to be used in real scenarios.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Vehicle License Plate Recognition
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
A blockchain can be summarized as a decentralized ledger of all transactions across a peer-to-peer network. It is the primary technology behind the large number of diverse cryptocurrencies that are currently available in circulation. Since its introduction, blockchain technology has shown promising application prospects and attracted much attention from academia and industry. It also has become an obvious target for adversaries. In this paper, we conduct a review of the implementation of digital forensic investigation processes to blockchain and cryptocurrency. Based on our findings, we can conclude that digital forensics is still considered a new area for blockchain technology, especially in cryptocurrency.
Digital and Cyber Forensics
Digital Media Forensic Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Entertainment industry is growing at a very rapid pace where a huge amount of money is being put into the making of the films. The success or failure of a movie is determined by the box office collection. The box office collection is dependent on various factors like director, actors, actresses, technicians, production house, musicians, marketing, etc. But yet it is highly influenced by the reviews and feedbacks given by the people, critics, media, etc. Due to the latest trends in the marketing field, digital media is used as a form of recommendation system where users read the reviews about a movie, or the ratings rated before making any decision to watch a movie. The existing problem that are identified with these reviews is that nowadays bots are being deployed to increase the reviews, and also fake reviews, negative reviews are also a major concern since most of the reviews are given by people without watching the movies. These problems create huge financial loss to the company, the people associated with it and also the movie industry as a whole. So in order to overcome the existing problems we are considering using blockchain technology as the future of entertainment industry. Since blockchain is a distributed network we can use it to store the reviews given by the user which is nontamperable and this in turn can help rate a movie correctly. Because of the genuine reviews stored in blockchain, movie goers can choose the correct film and make a good film successful thereby increasing the box office collection of the movie.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Big data is referred as vast numbers of heterogeneous sources of data. The age of big data providing immense volumes of data points offers greater knowledge, such as groundbreaking research, successful management choices and greater consumer value. The details should be treated effectively in order to accomplish these objectives. The data can be in any form like structured information, unstructured information, and semi-structured records. The data can be accessed from several sources such as sensors, IOT, contact network to network, mobile to mobile communication, etc. Information security is almost as broad as big data. Information Security is pursuing essential sensitive data standards. Details relating to hospitals, client data, biometric data, financial data, confidential information, etc. can be sensitive data. Therefore, hackers can target and get confidential data quickly. If any improper access to confidential information may lead to data loss, the trust of businesses can be undermined by modification or misuse. To ensure the confidentiality of sensitive data, cryptographic methods are used. Data collection, data search and data processing should be protected by a security framework. Therefore, to deal with these systems, a new effective scheme is proposed. This study focuses on blockchain technologies to ensure critical data protection. Blockchain is a distributed database that is a collection of cryptography-generated data blocks. It contains a peer-to - peer network, distributed ledger, consensus system and infrastructure for smart contracts. The present work is proposed which involves to achieve stable data transfer & data mining of big data, a new encryption strategy blends with block chain technology. This study would lead to a specific protection framework for the transfer and retrieval of all confidential data.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain was mainly introduced for secure transactions in connection with the mining of cryptocurrency Bitcoin. This article discusses the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology and its components, such as block header, transaction, smart contracts, etc. Blockchain uses the distributed databases, so this article also explains the advantages of distributed Blockchain over a centrally located database. Depending on the application, Blockchain is broadly categorized into two categories; Permissionless and Permissioned. This article elaborates on these two categories as well. Further, it covers the consensus mechanism and its working along with an overview of the Ethereum platform. Blockchain technology has been proved to be one of the remarkable techniques to provide security to IoT devices. An illustration of how Blockchain will be useful for IoT devices has been given. A few applications are also illustrated to explain the working of Blockchain with IoT.
In addition to the exhibition, collection, research, and educational functions of the museum, the development of a future museum includes the trend of leisure and sightseeing. Although the museum is a non-profit organization, if it can provide digital exhibits and collections under the premises of “intellectual property rights” and “cultural assets protection”, and licensing and adding value in various fields, it can generate revenue from digital licensing and handle the expenses of museum operations. This will be a new trend in the sustainable development of museum operations. Especially since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the beginning of this year (2020), the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) recently stated that nearly a third of the museums in the United States may be permanently closed since museum operations are facing “extreme financial difficulties.” This research is aimed at museums using the business model of “digital authorization”. It proposes an authorization mechanism based on blockchain technology protecting the museums’ digital rights in the business model and the application of cryptography. The signature and time stamp mechanism achieve non-repudiation and timeless mechanism, which combines blockchain and smart contracts to achieve verifiability, un-forgery, decentralization, and traceability, as well as the non-repudiation of the issue of cash flow with signatures and digital certificates, for the digital rights of museums in business. The business model proposes achievable sustainable development. Museums not only achieve the goal of promoting social education, but also solve their financial problems.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Houshyar Honar Pajooh, Mohammad A. Rashid, Fakhrul Alam, Serge Demidenko
The proliferation of smart devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks creates significant security challenges for the communications between such devices. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed technology that can potentially tackle the security problems within the 5G-enabled IoT networks. This paper proposes a Multi layer Blockchain Security model to protect IoT networks while simplifying the implementation. The concept of clustering is utilized in order to facilitate the multi-layer architecture. The K-unknown clusters are defined within the IoT network by applying techniques that utillize a hybrid Evolutionary Computation Algorithm while using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms. The chosen cluster heads are responsible for local authentication and authorization. Local private blockchain implementation facilitates communications between the cluster heads and relevant base stations. Such a blockchain enhances credibility assurance and security while also providing a network authentication mechanism. The open-source Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain platform is deployed for the proposed model development. Base stations adopt a global blockchain approach to communicate with each other securely. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed clustering algorithm performs well when compared to the earlier reported approaches. The proposed lightweight blockchain model is also shown to be better suited to balance network latency and throughput as compared to a traditional global blockchain.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Nicolas Six, Claudia Negri-Ribalta, Nicolas Herbaut, Camille Salinesi
Blockchain has been praised for its capacity to hold data in a decentralized\nand tamper-proof way. It also supports the execution of code through\nblockchain's smart contracts, adding automation of actions to the network with\nhigh trustability. However, as smart contracts are visible by anybody on the\nnetwork, the business data and logic may be at risk, thus companies could be\nreluctant to use such technology. This paper aims to propose a pattern that\nallows the execution of automatable legal contract clauses, where its execution\nstates are stored in an on-chain smart-contract and the logic needed to enforce\nit wraps it off-chain. An engine completes this pattern by running a business\nprocess that corresponds to the legal contract. We then propose a pattern-based\nsolution based on a real-life use case: transportation of refrigerated goods.\nWe argue that this pattern guarantees companies pseudonymity and data\nconfidentiality while ensuring that an audit trail can be reconstituted through\nthe blockchain smart-contract to identify misbehavior or errors. This paper\npaves the way for a future possible implementation of the solution described,\nas well as its evaluation.\n
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Mohammed Amine Bouras, Qinghua Lu, Sahraoui Dhelim, Huansheng Ning
Identity management is a fundamental feature of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, particularly for IoT data access control. However, most of the actual works adopt centralized approaches, which could lead to a single point of failure and privacy issues that are tied to the use of a trusted third parties. A consortium blockchain is an emerging technology that provides a neutral and trustable computation and storage platform that is suitable for building identity management solutions for IoT. This paper proposes a lightweight architecture and the associated protocols for consortium blockchain-based identity management to address privacy, security, and scalability issues in a centralized system for IoT. Besides, we implement a proof-of-concept prototype and evaluate our approach. We evaluate our work by measuring the latency and throughput of the transactions while using different query actions and payload sizes, and we compared it to other similar works. The results show that the approach is suitable for business adoption.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
As an underlying technology and infrastructure, blockchain creates great value when combining with other emerging information technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analysis, Cryptography Technology. Although the blockchain system has been contunuously upgraded in recent years, current blockchain still has its deficiency in terms of node control and privacy protection. First of all, the high existence rate of malicious nodes in the chain made it difficult to well purify the network environment, meanwhile the malicious nodes cannot be easily dealt with. Secondly, the correlation between nodes can still be discovered through analysis. As a result, the privacy of users' information cannot be well protected. This paper proposes a distributed identity authentication scheme based on Zero-knowledge proof, which uses face recognition technology to ensure the uniqueness and legitimacy of identity and control the generating of malicious nodes; Zero-knowledge proof algorithm is used to encrypt and support face data to prevent user identity information from being disclosed. At the same time, the linkable ring signature algorithm is adopted to confuse the correspondence between nodes and private information to further protect users' privacy information.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques