Early power stations in China have been in operation for a long time. Due to the limitations of design, construction materials and technological level at that time, many hydroelectric generators have some defects. The computer monitoring and control system of a hydropower station refers to the measurement, control, protection and monitoring of the entire equipment of a hydropower station completed and realized by the computer system. The computer monitoring and control system of hydropower station replaces the traditional control equipment, fault recording equipment, monitoring and measuring equipment and relay protection equipment. This paper studies the full homomorphic encryption algorithm, introduces the zero-knowledge proof technology into the block chain trading protocol based on the full homomorphic encryption, and constructs the block chain that protects data privacy.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Obtaining timely and accurate traffic information is one of the most important problems in intelligent transportation system, which will make vehicles run smoothly, avoid road congestion, save road running time and reduce vehicle energy consumption. In the current Internet of Vehicles system, the traffic management center can learn from the feedback information of all vehicles to improve the ability of decision-making and traffic command. However, the existing feedback mechanism does not respond to the spatial-temporal characteristics of data in time, due to the lack of communication capability of the current equipment. So, it cannot meet the requirements of ultra-low delay, high reliability and high security in the Internet of Vehicles. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a blockchain-based proxy vote and revocation scheme for decision feedback in Internet of Vehicles, which allows the intelligent system to ignore the unevenness and heterogeneity in the 6G technology. In addition, blockchain technology notarizes the vote data of vehicles and outsources microservices. Secondly, we use the attributes of decision-related nodes instead of their identities to enable anonymous vote. Smart contracts can automatically expand the scalability of outsourced microservices. Finally, the security proof of the proposed scheme ensures the security and consistency of outsourced microservices. The simulation results also show that our scheme greatly improves the efficiency of voting feedback.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In the past few years, the use of the internet and mobile applications has rapidly increased. People use them for all of their needs, from online shopping to online bank transactions. With such enormous use, there comes a high risk of this data getting hacked and/or misused. Such attacks are quite common with applications that use a centralized server. Such shortcomings of centralized servers can be overcome by using decentralized networks like the block chain. Through this paper, I propose a solution that would help solve the problem of finding a parking lot for your vehicles. This solution has been created with the use of the Ethereum block chain (a distributed computing platform that is based on blockchain), and with the use of smart contracts. [1] This application is designed to provide an efficient way to further utilize the private parking spaces available in urban cities. It provides both the owners of parking lots and those who are in search of parking lots (in urban areas), a platform where they can exchange these resources. In the application, sellers lease out their parking lots while buyers book the parking lots.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Smart Parking Systems Research
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Maintaining a balance between anonymity and traceability is a fundamental issue in privacy-preserving systems. Isshiki et al. proposed an identity management system based on group signatures in which a service provider anonymously determines whether or not users of the service are legitimate members, and only a bill collector can identify users for the purposes of sending them invoices. It is particularly worth noting that, under the Isshiki system, the service provider is not required to manage personal information such as user lists, which allows the system to outperform other in terms of preserving user privacy and managing personal information leakage risk. It is also noteworthy that the Isshiki system only considers cases in which the bill collector identifies users who have used the service and that, in fact, identified users who ignore invoices can use the service for free. In this paper, we extended the Isshiki system by adding a smart contract-enabled enforcement bill collection functionality. Under this functionality, deposits made by users who do not pay a service fee are automatically transferred to the bill collector. Because of their centralized structure, group signatures are not suitable to blockchain systems, therefore, the proposed system employs accountable ring signatures as building blocks. The privacy-preserving enforced bill collection system is implemented using the accountable ring signature scheme developed by Bootle et al. and Ethereum smart contracts. To reduce the gas costs associated with running smart contracts, the smart contract is not run unless the user ignores an invoice, and basic procedures are run via an off-chain channel. To avoid the use of heavy cryptographic algorithms in carrying out the accountable ring signature scheme for running smart contracts, we employed standard elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) signatures without especially changing the state to be verified in smart contracts.
Cryptography and Data Security
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain is opening up new avenues for the development of new sorts of digital services. In this article, we'll employ the transparent Blockchain method to propose a system for collecting data from many sources and databases for use in local and national elections. The Blockchain-based system will be safe, trustworthy, and private. It will assist to know the overall count of the candidates who participated and it functions in the same way as people's faith in their governments does. Blockchain technology is the one that handles the actual vote. We use the secure hash algorithm for resolving this problem and tried to bring a solution through the usage of this booming technology. A centralized database in a blockchain system keeps track of the secure electronic interactions of users in a peer-to-peer network.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
S. Uthayashangar, T. Dhanya, S. Dharshini, R. Gayathri
Cloud computing is one of the leading options to store massive amount of data. The metaphor of the cloud was borrowed from old telecoms network schematics, in which the public telephone network was often represented as a cloud to denote that the just did not a matter it was just a cloud of stuff. However, cost and risk will increase inthe organization which are using cloud platforms. Hence this paper combines Cloud with blockchain technology to produce a secured file storage system. Blockchain is considered by many to be the safest technology. Here, a single file is splited and stored in blocks using the file manipulation and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms. A high level, contract oriented language, Solidity is used for writing smart contracts. The system architecture which explains the cloud and blockchain processes is constructed. This system also ensures that it is free from attacks such as Brute force. Finally, the blockchain network in the cloud platform is implemented.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Non fungible tokens (NFTs) are used to define the ownership of digital assets. More recently, there has been a surge of platforms to auction digital art as well as other digital assets in form of image, video, and audio content of all sorts. Although NFTs have the potential of revolutionizing the foundations of ownership, they also face various challenges notably in terms of trust and security. This paper starts by identifying the challenges in current NFTs and proposes a solution in order to remedy to their current shortcomings.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Abstract In a decentralized network every user makes use of personal identity details at different places for various services and these details are shared with third-parties without their consent and stored at an unknown location. Organizations like government, banks and social platforms are considered to be the weakest point in the current identity management system as they are vulnerable which leads to compromising billions of user identity data. Block chain based User Identity Management is a solution which provides a decentralized environment that manages the user identity data and their related Know-Your-Customer (KYC) documents in a distributed ledger. All the transactions of the network are stored in the block which is a type of a data structure and these blocks are validated using the powerful consensus algorithms and linked to form a block chain. Smart contracts will act as an interface between the client and the block chain network. User’s information cannot be provided to any third party vendors without the explicit consent of the user. This paper proposes a framework for User Identity Management using Block chain technology in a decentralized Network. The proposed framework ensures a high level privacy and security for the personal identity details and the documents. In addition to that the performance analysis of the framework is presented in terms of Transaction, Mining Resource and Difficulty Variation.
Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Spam and Phishing Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Electronic voting has partially solved the problems of poor anonymity and low efficiency associated with traditional voting. However, the difficulties it introduces into the supervision of the vote counting, as well as its need for a concurrent guaranteed trusted third party, should not be overlooked. With the advent of blockchain technology in recent years, its features such as decentralization, anonymity, and non-tampering have made it a good candidate in solving the problems that electronic voting faces. In this study, we propose a multi-candidate voting model based on the blockchain technology. With the introduction of an asymmetric encryption and an anonymity-preserving voting algorithm, votes can be counted without relying on a third party, and the voting results can be displayed in real time in a manner that satisfies various levels of voting security and privacy requirements. Experimental results show that the proposed model solves the aforementioned problems of electronic voting without significant negative impact from an increasing number of voters or candidates.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Abstract Over the past decade, the Bitcoin P2P network protocol has become a reference model for all modern cryptocurrencies. While nodes in this network are known, the connections among them are kept hidden, as it is commonly believed that this helps protect from deanonymization and low-level attacks. However, adversaries can bypass this limitation by inferring connections through side channels. At the same time, the lack of topology information hinders the analysis of the network, which is essential to improve efficiency and security. In this paper, we thoroughly review network-level attacks and empirically show that topology obfuscation is not an effective countermeasure. We then argue that the benefits of an open topology potentially outweigh its risks, and propose a protocol to reliably infer and monitor connections among reachable nodes of the Bitcoin network. We formally analyze our protocol and experimentally evaluate its accuracy in both trusted and untrusted settings. Results show our system has a low impact on the network, and has precision and recall are over 90% with up to 20% of malicious nodes in the network.
With the global promotion and application of 5G technology, the data transmitted on the network show explosive growth, and the secure sharing of its important data is still one of the research hotspots. Steganography embeds the data that needs to be shared into digital carrier files and transmits it through open channels, which has important applications in protecting data sharing and realizing covert communication. However, the encrypted files generated by traditional steganography are susceptible to compression, cropping, geometric attacks, and man-made destruction in the process of open channel transmission, resulting in data loss, making it difficult for the receiver to correctly extract secret message. Currently, covert communication on blockchain can solve the above problems, but it also brings some new problems such as high computational complexity, low transmission efficiency, and nondetection resistance. Therefore, in this article, a covert communication method based on Bitcoin transactions is proposed. The proposed method first designs the index matrix of the transaction address. Then, the address interaction relationship that carries the secret message through the transaction index matrix is constructed. Finally, the address interaction relationship that carries the secret message is combined with the transaction amount to complete the covert transmission of the secret message on the blockchain environment. The proposed method improves the security and embedding efficiency of covert communication, reduces the number of transactions, and ensures the integrity of extracting secret message. A series of experimental results show that under the condition of ensuring the necessary security, the proposed method retains the strong robustness of the existing blockchain steganography and has strong resistance to detection.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain public ledger is a trusted medium that provides incorruptible data storage and traceable transactions. However, due to its public verifiability, it is hard to compromise two functionalities at once, a covert channel and a verifiable communication medium. The existing methods are either vulnerable to statistical analysis or lack trustable delivery notifications due to off-chain message delivery. This paper fills the gap by proposing a Multi-addresses Random Set Encoding (MaRSE) to increase message covertness by retaining the natural transactions pattern and resisting statistical attacks. The method uses on-chain message delivery to preserve blockchain-based verification that provides a trustable communication medium for the communicating parties. As a result, our proposed method is robust to a brute force attack due to its unpredictable transaction sequence and high number possibility of addresses combinations. The proposed system has been implemented on Ethereum rinkeby networks with the stegano-transactions being recorded within block numbers 4932833 to 4932893.
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
This paper proposes a blockchain system, known as GarliChain, to solve the problems of anonymity and privacy of consumers during energy trading in the smart grids. It is inspired by both garlic routing and consortium blockchain. In the GarliChain, identity-based encryption is used to encrypt the messages of consumers twice before transmitting them to other nodes. A stochastic path selection model is presented in this work to route messages from the source node to the destination node. Furthermore, a trust method is proposed to enhance the credibility of nodes in the network. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed system. From the results, the proposed system remains stable as the number of path requests increases. Also, the proposed trust method is 50.56% efficient in detecting dishonest behavior of nodes in the network as compared to 49.20% of an existing fuzzy trust model. Under different sizes of the blocks, the computational cost of the forwarding nodes is minimum. The security analysis shows that the system is safe from both passive and active attacks. Malicious nodes are detected using the path selection model. Moreover, a comparative study of the proposed system with existing systems in the literature is provided.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Sarah Al-Maaitah, Mohammad Qatawneh, Abdullah Quzmar
Democracy in any country must have a transparent voting system that meets the people's needs to give the power to the right person. Furthermore, the existing traditional voting systems suffer from major drawbacks and missing the lack of security and transparency. This survey paper discusses the possible opportunity for applying BC technology in e-voting systems to improve the process of voting by tackling the issues of trustless, privacy, and security. This paper aims to evaluate different applications of blockchain as a service to implement distributed electronic voting systems. Some of them have been only a draft paper; others are implemented in the real world. A blockchain-based e-voting application improves security, privacy, and decreases the cost, even more, which can be achieved.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Anti-piracy is fundamentally a procedure that relies on collecting data from the open anonymous population, so how to incentivize credible reporting is a question at the center of the problem. Industrial alliances and companies are running anti-piracy incentive campaigns, but their effectiveness is publicly questioned due to the lack of transparency. We believe that full transparency of a campaign is necessary to truly incentivize people. It means that every role, e.g., content owner, licensee of the content, or every person in the open population, can understand the mechanism and be assured about its execution without trusting any single role. We see this as a distributed system problem. In this paper, we present Argus, a fully transparent incentive system for anti-piracy campaigns. The groundwork of Argus is to formulate the objectives for fully transparent incentive mechanisms, which securely and comprehensively consolidate the different interests of all roles. These objectives form the core of the Argus design, highlighted by our innovations about a Sybil-proof incentive function, a commit-and-reveal scheme, and an oblivious transfer scheme. In the implementation, we overcome a set of unavoidable obstacles to ensure security despite full transparency. Moreover, we effectively optimize several cryptographic operations so that the cost for a piracy reporting is reduced to an equivalent cost of sending about 14 ETH-transfer transactions to run on the public Ethereum network, which would otherwise correspond to thousands of transactions. With the security and practicality of Argus, we hope real-world anti-piracy campaigns will be truly effective by shifting to a fully transparent incentive mechanism.
Open access
2 source records
cs.CR
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has become a pivotal field of development that can increase the efficiency of real-time collection, recording, analysis, and control of the entire activities of various machines, and can actively enhance quality and reduce costs. The traditional IIoT depends on centralized architectures that are vulnerable to several kinds of cyber-attacks, such as bottlenecks and single points of failure. Blockchain technology has emerged to change these architectures to a decentralized form. In modern industrial settings, blockchain technology is utilized for its ability to provide high levels of security, low computational complexity, P2P communication, transparent logs, and decentralization. The present work proposes the use of a private blockchain mechanism for an industrial application in a cement factory, which offers low power consumption, scalability, and a lightweight security scheme; and which can play an efficient role in controlling access to valuable data generated by sensors and actuators. A low-power ARM Cortex-M processor is utilized due to its efficiency in terms of processing cryptographic algorithms, and this plays an important part in improving the computational execution of the proposed architecture. In addition, instead of proof of work (PoW), our blockchain network uses proof of authentication (PoAh) as a consensus mechanism to ensure secure authentication, scalability, speed, and energy efficiency. Our experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves high levels of security, scalability and ideal performance for smart industrial environments. Moreover, we successfully realized the integration of blockchain technology with the industrial internet of things devices, which provides the blockchain technology features and efficient resistance to common cyber-security attacks.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
With the advancement of the application of Internet of Things (IoTs), the IoT technology is combining with the social network, forming a new network with private object information as the media and social entertainment as the purpose. Social Internet of things (SIoTs) is a new application of IoT technology in social network. The current SIoT systems are centralized and the user's security and privacy is not properly protected. In order to address the challenges in SIoTs, we propose a privacy protection system for the users. First, we propose a post-quantum ring signature. Second, we propose a blockchain system based on the ring signature. Compared with the traditional SIoTs, our system is based on post-quantum techniques, which is secure against both traditional computers and quantum computers. The results of the blockchain system show that it is very suitable for SIoTs.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In the digital era where hacking and bypassing a system is easy, tampering of data is always possible leading to bad situations. Blockchain is used to store data which is near impossible to change or tamper with as it is very secure in nature. Voting as a process in any nation is an essential event and if votes get miscalculated by any external source it will be harmful. To avoid such kinds of situations and making it more comfortable blockchain technology comes in acknowledgment. This paper proposes a decentralized national e-voting system based on blockchain technology. It includes an admin panel to schedule the voting, manage candidates and declare the results. The web application will provide the users with an interface to enter their Aadhar card ID (text input) and a photo of themselves at the time of voting. The eligibility of the voter will be checked at the time they enter their Aadhar card ID. Eligible voter's phone numbers will be verified via One Time Password (OTP). After voter verification, individual voters will be considered eligible for voting. During voting, voters will be monitored through a webcam/front camera. The votes will be stored in a blockchain and any tampering would be detected easily. The address and the corresponding constituency will be checked in the backend. Voting results will be declared on a specified date and will be handled by the admin. The results will be displayed graphically with various options to choose from and will also include past results and statistics.
Face recognition and analysis
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
M. Poongodi, Mohit Malviya, Mounir Hamdi, V. Vijayakumar · 7 authors
Abstract The evolution of 4G telecommunication propagated various resource‐crunched clients to experience rate‐effective resources at ease. However, it extends its underlying centralised architecture, which arouses various challenges correlated with network data availability, network information protection, and operational infrastructure charges. With the recent revolution of telecommunication, 5G networks promised to provide credible schemes like the high quality of service, ultra‐low latency, and much security over the pre‐existing architecture. However, the deployment of end‐to‐end 5G network cutting‐edge systems in the present heterogeneous world limits its core idea of extensive data privacy, native interoperability, risk‐free interference, and radio spectrum sharing. Perhaps, to achieve its true capability, improved versions of blockchain technology could be aligned to strengthen various real‐time complex applications at a flourishing rate. One of the multiplexed real‐time enterprise applications is a keyword search engine where the integrity of user data files and keyword searches are bound to come under cyber hackers. On the one hand, it was found that when a 5G‐based blockchain emulated network gets deployed with intact encryption techniques, the entire system facilitates to give reliable, efficient, and risk‐free keyword search over variegated 5G network data and its complex computational calculations. Consequently, the use of blockchain‐based decentralised cloud orchestration scheme at various levels enabled the architecture to remain incorruptible and protects all the confidential files and keywords in a fully controlled file access environment. The results of the simulation kernel shows that proposed architecture which, when combined with blockchain‐based decentralised cloud orchestration network system, justify all the essential characteristics and effectuates the optimal use of 5G network sharing by each network entity.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Lucien K. L. Ng, Sherman S. M. Chow, Donald Wong, Anna P. Y. Woo
LDSP is a layer-2 cryptocurrency payment system that supports a dynamic and distributed setup with scalability and payer privacy. Different from the statekeeping merchant consortium assumed by a recent layer-2 solution Snappy (NDSS 2020), its core idea is to rely on leaders selected from the merchants to lead a mini-consortium and ensure the fungibility of the LDSP coins. Similar to Snappy, payers can transfer coins off-chain, enjoying low-latency transactions, while the merchants are assured that they will receive the coins. Privacy-wise, Snappy requires all merchants to check the whole customer transaction history, which is not necessary for LDSP.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Nonogram is a pencil puzzle consisting of a rectangular white grid where the player has to paint some cells black according to given constraints. In 2010, Chien and Hon constructed a physical card-based zero-knowledge proof protocol for Nonogram, which enables a prover to physically show that he/she knows a solution of the puzzle without revealing it. However, their protocol requires special tools such as scratch-off cards and a sealing machine, making it impractical to implement in real world. The protocol also has a nonzero soundness error. In this paper, we develop a more practical card-based protocol for Nonogram with perfect soundness that uses only regular paper cards. We also show how to modify our protocol to make it support Nonogram Color, a generalization of Nonogram where the player has to paint the cells with multiple colors.