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1,379 results · page 43 of 58
Zhijie Zhang, Lejun Zhang, Waqas Rasheed, Zilong Jin · 7 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Cătălina Goanță
No abstract is available for this record.
James P. Howard, Maria E. Vachino
Under current Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA) requirements, all new federal IT programs and modernization efforts using blockchain must meet National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cryptographic standards. This article evaluates four major blockchain technologies-Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, R3's Corda, and Multichain-to determine their level of NIST compliance.
Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani
In modern times, many individuals, businesses and the Internet of Things (IoT) integrated industries collect huge amounts of meaningful data daily, which may be beneficial for other individuals and businesses as well. By utilizing this data, future trends to make the right decisions on the bases of facts and figures are analyzed efficiently. In addition to that, many new ways are paved for researchers to utilize this data in their upcoming research. However, due to some major issues like security, privacy and access control of data, data owners avoid sharing data among themselves. Another main problem is the selfish behavior of data owners. Businesses also act selfishly and invest huge amounts of money to collect and maintain the data for their benefits. Therefore, data owners are hesitant to share their data with others without the availability of a fair profit and secure data-sharing platform. Moreover, consumers are not much motivated to buy data from Data Providers (DPs) due to its bad quality and inconsistency. The data provided by data owners is mostly incomplete, outdated, heterogeneous and costly. In this paper, a subscription-based data-sharing model is proposed by leveraging the blockchain technology and Data as a Service (DaaS) concept. In this model, users subscribe to a DP for a specific period to get access to the data and pay according to the subscription plan. The DP keeps receiving revenue recurrently for a long-time, which has a huge profit margin in comparison with selling data at once. Furthermore, two major pricing models, Flat Rate Pricing (FRP) and Usage-Based Pricing (UBP), are discussed to set standards for data owners to monetize their data, and a new hybrid pricing model is also proposed. Blockchain technology is utilized in the proposed model to make it secure, transparent and immutable. To investigate the performance of the proposed model, a private blockchain network is deployed using a web interface provided by MultiChain blockchain. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is feasible and efficient. The theoretical discussion proves that the proposed model is beneficial for both data owners and data consumers and has a good scope in the future for data management and trading processes.
L Heikkilä
As use of data is becoming increasingly pervasive in all facets of society, many organizations and businesses are building their capabilities for better and more valuable uses for it. At the same time, infusing the use of data to various organizational practices has turned out to be a very complex task in practice. With this case study I aim to build on the understanding on how various organizational structures and processes impact the utilization of data in a large utilities company with highly autonomous business units. This study was motivated by two perspectives on data governance which as of yet have been relatively little researched. First, the literature review of this research indicates that data governance impacts the development of ordinary and dynamic organizational capabilities, even as there has been little joint research on these topics. Second, some research on data governance has suggested that decentralized, bottom-up approaches could be more suitable for large organizations than topdown approaches, which have mainly been at the focus of data governance research. In this single case study I conducted semi-structured interviews with various case company managers. Based on the findings from the interviews and synthesis with literature, I posit that data governance builds support for development of integrative capabilities, such as the ability to communicate efficiently in data related issues across the company. Additionally, dynamic integrative capabilities, such as communication practices aimed for changing the existing data processes, are a central enabler for further development of decentralized data governance. Further analysis also indicated that perception on value of data, top management support, data overview and business unit specific practices, competences and approach to collaboration also impacted the development of data governance in the case company. Based on these findings I present a framework for decentralized data governance. The goal of the framework is to help practitioners and researchers in understanding further the possible interconnections and dynamics of the various factors involved in development of common data governance practices in large, diverse organizations.
Arinjita Paul, Vorapong Suppakitpaisarn, C. Pandu Rangan
No abstract is available for this record.
Rodrigo Adeodato, Sina Pournouri
No abstract is available for this record.
Abylay Satybaldy, Mariusz Nowostawski, Jørgen Ellingsen
No abstract is available for this record.
Mira Shah, Chao Li, Ming Sheng, Yong Zhang · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Magnus Krogsbøll, Liv Hartoft Borre, Tijs Slaats, Søren Debois
No abstract is available for this record.
Joseph Lee, Florian L’heureux
The paper examines cryptocurrency in the crypto-finance ecosystem and identifies areas in which regulatory intervention is required. Part I focuses on the system and processes of cryptocurrency and identifies the features of this ‘decentralised’ system and the legal and regulatory implications. Part II discusses the perceived benefits and the rise of cryptocurrency to determine whether those benefits fit with regulatory objectives and contribute to the rise of cryptocurrency. Part III discusses the fall of cryptocurrency and some associated factors, particularly a lack of governance. Part IV discusses the need for regulation and governance. Cryptocurrency, blockchain, DLT, tokenization, cryptoasset, exchanges, investor protection
Dan Wang, Jindong Zhao, Yingjie Wang
As a kind of point-to-point distributed public ledger technology, blockchain has been widely concerned in recent years. The privacy protection of blockchain technology has always been the core issue of people's attention. In this paper, some existing solutions to the current problems of user identity and transaction privacy protection are surveyed, including coin mixing mechanism, zero knowledge proof, ring signature and other technologies. Secondly, five typical applications of privacy protection technology based on blockchain are proposed and analyzed, which are mainly divided into technology applications based on coin mixing protocol, encryption protocol, secure channel protocol and so on. Finally, in view of the shortages of the existing blockchain privacy protection technology, we explore future research challenges that need to be studied in order to preserve privacy in blockchain system, and looks forward to the future development direction.
Vikas Jaiman, Visara Urovi
In modern healthcare systems, the ability to share electronic health records is crucial for providing quality care and for enabling a larger spectrum of health services. Health data sharing is dependent on obtaining individual consent which, in turn, is hindered by a lack of resources. To this extent, blockchain-based platforms facilitate data sharing by creating a trusted distributed network of users. These users are enabled to share their data without depending on the time and resources of specific actors (such as the health services). In blockchain-based platforms, data governance mechanisms become very important due to the need to specify and monitor data sharing and data use conditions. In this article, we present a blockchain-based data-sharing consent model for access control over individual health data. We use smart contracts to dynamically represent the individual’s consent over health data and to enable data requesters to search and access those data. The dynamic consent model extends to two ontologies: the Data Use Ontology (DUO) which models the individual consent of users and the Automatable Discovery and Access Matrix (ADA-M), which describes queries from data requesters. We deploy the model on Ethereum blockchain and evaluate different data sharing scenarios. The contribution of this article consists of the creation of an individual consent model for health data sharing platforms. Such a model guarantees that individual consent is respected and that all the participants in the data sharing platform are accountable. The evaluation of our solution indicates that such a data sharing model provides a flexible decision-making approach over data usage by data requesters. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed model is efficient and adapts to personalized access control policies in different data-sharing scenarios.
Emerson B. Tomaz, José Cláudio do Nascimento, Abdelhakim Hafid, José Neuman de Souza
The advent of miniaturized mobile devices with wireless communication capability and integrated with biosensors has revolutionized healthcare systems. The devices can be used by individuals as wearable accessories to collect health data regularly. This type of medical assistance supported by mobile devices to monitor patients and offer health services remotely is known as mobile health (mHealth). Although mHealth provides many benefits and has become popular, it can pose severe privacy risks. Many features in mHealth are managed through a smartphone. Thus, one of the most worrying issues involves communication between the monitoring devices and the smartphone. When communication uses Bluetooth, it is standard for a device to be paired with the smartphone; but generally, it is not exclusively associated with a specific mHealth app. This characteristic can allow a data theft attack by a malicious app or fake data injection by an illegitimate device. To address this issue, we present an authentication scheme based on Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proof that is lightweight enough to run on mHealth devices with minimal resources. Our scheme ensures that legitimate devices interact exclusively with the official mHealth application. To ensure the patient's privacy-preserving throughout the system, we address the issues of storing, managing, and sharing data using blockchain. Since there is no privacy in the standard blockchain, we present a scheme in which the health data transmitted, stored, or shared are protected by Attribute-Based Encryption. The outcome is a system with fine-grained access control, entirely managed by the patient, and an end-to-end privacy guarantee.
Zoran Milošević
Abstract This paper presents an approach for the enactment of policies in digital health based on our earlier work on the implementation of digital contracts in distributed systems. A formal policy model and an abstract policy language for the expression of healthcare policies are first proposed, leveraging the semantics of the ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing enterprise language standard. Healthcare consent policies included in the HL7 Fast Health Interoperability Resource (FHIR®) standard are used to illustrate the modelling approach. Several distributed ledger and smart legal contract options were considered next as target platforms for implementation. Their benefits are highlighted along with considerations on their use reflecting business concerns of risk, trust and cost.
Mirko Zichichi, Michele Contu, Stefano Ferretti, Victor Rodrı́guez-Doncel
Personal data has undoubtedly assumed a great value with the advancements on technologies able to gather it and infer from it. The businesses that operate in a data-driven economy offer services that rely on data collected about their users and usually they store this personal information in “silos” that impede transparency on their use and possibilities of easy interactions. The introduction in EU of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) moves this economy towards a user-centered vision, in which individuals have rights for their data sovereignty and the free portability of it. However, more efforts are needed to reach both transparency and balance between privacy and data sharing. In this paper, we present a solution to promote the development of personal data marketplaces, exploiting the use of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and a Sensing-as-a-Service (SaaS) model, in order to enhance the privacy of individuals, following the principles of personal data sovereignty and interoperability. Moreover, we provide experimental results of an implementation based on IOTA, a promising DLT for managing and transacting IoT data
Cătălina Goanță
No abstract is available for this record.
Samer Shorman, Mohammad Allaymoun
Social networking pages authenticate by blockchain technology, through authenticating personal information and profile pages in the form of block and then distributing them with Blockchain to become a trusted reference point. To identified and verified social network accounts. This research proposed an effective and easy technical mechanism to authenticate the personal pages on social networks. Using this mechanism, anyone can authenticate any account on social networks, as well as increasing the possibility of making sure of the real individual behind social networking accounts. Moreover, this technique will show the fake accounts in order to reach a more confident and secure social network environment. Blockchain technique requires only a simple update to the characteristics of its platforms by developers, which is only a participatory mechanism between Blockchain and personal information. It is then combined with personal pages, to indicate that these pages contain the real personal information of the account holder, which is stored in an encrypted block that is difficult to modify, copy, or steal.
Ting Cai, Wuhui Chen, Yang Yu
No abstract is available for this record.
Masoud Barati, Omer Rana
No abstract is available for this record.
Nathaniel Aldred, Luke Baal, Graeham Broda, Steven Trumble · 5 authors
A blockchain is a distributed ledger forming a distributed consensus on a\nhistory of transactions. It is the underlying technology for the Bitcoin\ncryptocurrency, but there are many applications beyond the financial sector.\nWith built-in security and removal of the need for third party trust,\nblockchain has started to see some use within contract applications among other\nthings. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a\npermissioned-based blockchain third party consent management system, whose\npolicy can be decided by a government agency. We have constructed a proof of\nconcept implementation using Hyperledger Fabric to provide a service that\nallows end-users to control and consent to who manages their private\ninformation. We believe our solution meets the guiding principles of EU General\nData Protection Regulation or GDPR. While our performance and usability\nevaluation are limited, our solution design and its implementation meet the 7\nfoundational principles of privacy by design.\n
Chang Hyun Roh, Yong Woon Hwang, Im-Yeong Lee
E-government systems have ensured reliable data and prevented the forgery and modulation of that information, and so far, this role has been carried out in traditional centralized management. However, centralized data management has the disadvantage of single point of failure and bottlenecks. Blockchain technology has emerged to solve this problem. It is characterized by decentralization, which has been considered insecure in the past, to ensure the integrity of data. However, there are many problems in applying general blockchain and smart contracts to e-government electronic voting. In this paper, we propose a scheme to guarantee the integrity of voting data and to automate the process of voting and counting by smart contract by applying blockchain and smart contract to provide integrity and automation function to electronic voting.
Yousif Abuidris, Rajesh Kumar, Wang Wenyong
Blockchain technology as a decentralized and distributed public ledger in a P2P network has recently gained much attention. In this technology, a linked block structure is applied, and a trusted consensus mechanism is established to synchronize data modifications, making it possible to develop a tamper-proof digital platform for data storage and sharing. We think that blockchain could be used in various interactive online systems, such as the Internet of Things, supply chain systems, voting systems, etc. The scope of this survey is to shed light on some recent contributions of the security and privacy issues associated with e-voting based on blockchain. At the end of this paper, we provided a comparison for the security and privacy requirements of the existing e-voting systems based on blockchain.
Liudmila Zavolokina, Gianluca Miscione, Gerhard Schwabe
The second-hand automotive market is one with the least trust from consumers. Customers on the second-hand car market suffer from such problems as the car being in worse condition than initially indicated, accident damage that is not disclosed, fraud, etc. Akerlof, described the market for used cars as an example of the problem of information asymmetries and resulting quality uncertainty. In order to cope with quality uncertainties, used car buyers actively engage themselves in information seeking. Blockchain technology promises to automatize the tracking of cars through their lifecycles and provide reliable information at any point in time it is needed. In our study, we investigate the problems car buyers face during information seeking and propose requirements for the design of a blockchain-based system to address these.