Blockchain Papers

Worawit Kitikusoun, Pongpisit Wuttidittachotti

No abstract is available for this record.

Alexandre Pacheco, Sébastien De Vos, Andreagiovanni Reina, Marco Dorigo · 5 authors

Federated learning is a new approach to distributed machine learning that offers potential advantages such as reducing communication requirements and distributing the costs of training algorithms. Therefore, it could hold great promise in swarm robotics applications. However, federated learning usually requires a centralized server for the aggregation of the models. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept implementation of federated learning in a robot swarm that does not compromise decentralization. To do so, we use blockchain technology to enable our robot swarm to securely synchronize a shared model that is the aggregation of the individual models without relying on a central server. We then show that introducing a single malfunctioning robot can, however, heavily disrupt the training process. To prevent such situations, we devise protection mechanisms that are implemented through secure and tamper-proof blockchain smart contracts. Our experiments are conducted in ARGoS, a physics-based simulator for swarm robotics, using the Ethereum blockchain protocol which is executed by each simulated robot.

Ehsanul Islam Zafir, Afifa Akter, Muhammad Najam-ul-Islam, Shahid A. Hasib · 7 authors

The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) integrates robots and autonomous devices, transforming industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation. However, security vulnerabilities in IoRT systems pose significant challenges to data privacy and system integrity. To address these issues, encryption is essential for protecting sensitive data transmitted between devices. By converting data into ciphertext, encryption ensures confidentiality and integrity, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and data breaches. Blockchain technology also enhances IoRT security by offering decentralized, tamper-proof data storage solutions. By offering comprehensive insights, practical recommendations, and future directions, this paper aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and practice in securing interconnected robotic systems, thereby ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of data exchanged within IoRT ecosystems. Through a thorough examination of encryption requisites, scopes, and current implementations in IoRT, this paper provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in IoRT security efforts. By integrating encryption and blockchain technologies into IoRT systems, stakeholders can foster a secure and dependable environment, effectively manage risks, bolster user confidence, and expedite the widespread adoption of IoRT across diverse sectors. The findings of this study underscore the critical role of encryption and blockchain technology in IoRT security enhancement and highlight potential avenues for further exploration and innovation. Furthermore, this paper suggests future research areas, such as threat intelligence and analytics, security by design, multi-factor authentication, and AI for threat detection. These recommendations support ongoing innovation in securing the evolving IoRT landscape.

Shilpi Garg, Rajesh Kumar Kaushal, Naveen Kumar

No abstract is available for this record.

Shams Mhmood Abd Ali, Mohd Najwadi Yusoff, Je Sen Teh, Hasan Falah Hasan

No abstract is available for this record.

Shankar M. Patil, Bhawana S. Dakhare, Shilpa M. Satre, Shivaji D. Pawar

No abstract is available for this record.

Arianna D’Ulizia, Domenica Federico, Antonella Notte

ABSTRACT Metaverse is an emerging digital space that uses innovative technologies to allow users to facilitate building relationships virtually and to create new interaction opportunities. Even, the financial sector has been disrupted by the metaverse involving digital assets, cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and decentralized finance. The objective of this paper is to focus on novel intelligent systems technologies with the potential for application in the financial area to have a better knowledge of the current research topics, challenges, and future directions. A systematic literature review was conducted analyzing papers on technological innovation of the metaverse in financial sector. Following the PRISMA methodology, we have selected 29 primary studies from five scientific databases to be included in the review. The results show that 11 types of innovative metaverse technologies are applied in the financial sector, developing financial innovations, among which the most discussed is cryptocurrency. Among the opportunities that the use of the metaverse brings to the financial sector, the reduction of transaction costs is the most discussed. Finally, five open challenges in the use of metaverse technologies in the financial sector have been identified, relating to the use of data, the application of technologies, social integration, financial innovation, and regulatory compliance. Based on this study, recommendations on future research directions are provided to the scientific community.

Ανδρέας-Ρόναλντ Σορτ

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή ερευνά τα οφέλη που προκύπτουν από τον συνδυασμό τεχνολογιών από τους ακόλουθους τομείς: α) ομόσπονδη μάθηση (Federated Learning, β) τεχνολογίες κατανεμημένου καθολικού (Distributed Ledger Technologies) όπως είναι τα Blockchain δίκτυα και γ) βιομηχανικές εφαρμογές. Η συνεχώς αυξανόμενη χρήση εφαρμογών τεχνητής νοημοσύνης έχει καταστήσει εμφανές ότι η ποιότητα των μεγάλων δεδομένων για εκπαίδευση μοντέλων μηχανικής μάθησης επηρεάζει την απόδοση των τελικών μοντέλων. Για το σκοπό αυτό, η ομόσπονδη μάθηση αποσκοπεί στη συμμετοχή πολλαπλών οντοτήτων που συμβάλλουν στη διαδικασία μάθησης με τοπικά δεδομένα, χωρίς να απαιτείται η κοινή χρήση των πραγματικών δεδομένων. Σε πραγματικές περιπτώσεις χρήσης, οι ανταμοιβές που λαμβάνουν οι χρήστες για τη συμβολή τους στη διαδικασία μάθησης θα πρέπει να εξαρτώνται από τη ποιότητα της συμβολής τους. Έχοντας λοιπόν υπόψιν τη σπουδαιότητα των δεδομένων εκμάθησης, η διατριβή σχεδίασε και στη συνέχεια υλοποίησε μηχανισμό ομόσπονδης μάθησης ο οποίος συντονίζεται από δίκτυο blockchain. Στη συνέχεια, εστιάζει σε τρόπους ενίσχυσης της αφοσίωσης των χρηστών, προσφέροντας "δίκαιες" ανταμοιβές, ανάλογες με τη πραγματική βελτίωση του μοντέλου (ως προς την ακρίβεια) που προσφέρουν. Επιπλέον, για να καταστεί δυνατή η αντικειμενική κρίση της ποιότητας της συνεισφοράς, σχεδιάστηκαν ειδικά έξυπνα συμβόλαια που λειτουργούν πάνω σε τεχνολογίες blockchain. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, έχει αναπτυχθεί ένας αλγόριθμος επαλήθευσης που χρησιμοποιείται για την αξιολόγηση της απόδοσης των συνεισφορών των χρηστών, συγκρίνοντας την ακρίβεια του συνολικού μοντέλου με ένα σύνολο δεδομένων επαλήθευσης. Ο αλγόριθμος έχει σχεδιαστεί για να εκτελείται μέσα σε ένα έξυπνο συμβόλαιο και να καταγράφει τις επιδόσεις (με τη μορφή συστήματος πόντων) σε ένα κατανεμημένο εδάφιο. Η παρούσα διατριβή ανέπτυξε λύσεις για την βελτίωση ασφάλειας σε βιομηχανικούς προγραμματιζόμενους λογικούς ελεγκτές (PLC), επιτρέποντάς τους να λαμβάνουν εντολές και παραμέτρους από ένα δίκτυο blockchain. Το δίκτυο σε αυτή τη περίπτωση αναλαμβάνει δύο ρόλους: χρησιμεύει ως αμετάβλητη βάση καταγραφής ενεργειών ελέγχου (audit trails) καθώς και ως αξιόπιστη πηγή για κρίσιμες εντολές και παραμέτρους. Σε αντίθεση με τον συμβατικό έλεγχο των PLC από συσκευές διεπαφής ανθρώπου-μηχανής (HMI), αυτή η νέα προσέγγιση δεν απαιτεί πρόσβαση εγγραφής στο επίπεδο του PLC, ελαχιστοποιώντας έτσι την επιφάνεια επίθεσής του και συμβάλλοντας στην προστασία από γνωστές ευπάθειες και νέες ευπάθειες (zero day) που εμφανίζονται συχνά σε κυβερνοεπιθέσεις. Το δίκτυο blockchain χρησιμοποιείται επίσης ως βάση δεδομένων που υποστηρίζει ιχνηλάτηση για τις ενέργειες των χρηστών, ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμο για εφαρμογές που επιβάλλουν την καταγραφή των ενεργειών των χρηστών ή για παράδειγμα όπως ορίζουν οι καλές πρακτικές παραγωγής (GMP).

Xiaojie Wang, Tengfei Li, Xuanrui Xiong, Yunli Gao · 5 authors

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) faces serious data privacy issues, such as the risk of data leakage during aggregation and transmission. However, existing studies rarely consider data privacy protection from the perspective of 5G core networks (CNs). This article proposes a federation chain-based data privacy protection system for the control plane in 5G CN to facilitate secure and decentralized communications between IIoT devices and other networks components, enhancing data integrity and confidentiality. Using XPRO instrument, 5G CN signaling storm simulation test platform, Free5GC, UERANSIM simulator, and Kali platform, the system simulates and generates realistic control plane data streams in IIoTs. To prevent unauthorized data access, we design an authentication algorithm based on the Bulletproofs zero-knowledge proof technique. Additionally, we implement a data encryption and decryption algorithm based on the Paillier partially homomorphic encryption for user privacy. We design a foundation model-based anomaly flow detection and analysis module to improve the security of the system for anomalous signaling flows. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system are validated on a 5G CN simulation testing platform, and experimental results show that the proposed approach ensures robust and scalable IIoT data privacy protection.

Wajid Rafique, Junaid Qadir

The Metaverse is an evolving technology that leverages the Internet infrastructure and the massively connected Internet of Everything (IoE) to create an immersive virtual world. In the Metaverse, humans engage in activities similar to those in the real world, such as socializing, working, attending events, exploring virtual landscapes, creating and trading digital assets, participating in virtual economies, and experiencing entertainment and cultural activities. By using advanced technologies such as IoE, extended reality (XR), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and 6G communication, along with blockchain technology, the Metaverse bridges the physical and virtual worlds. In particular, Blockchain-Enabled IoE (BIoE) will play a crucial role in Metaverse applications by ensuring secure service provisioning through the integration of blockchain with IoE. It efficiently manages the massive connectivity of physical world objects and enhances security, integrity, and decentralization of trust, while increasing resilience against failures, thus securing and fostering trust in both physical and virtual Metaverse networks. While some view the Metaverse as a detached virtual world, technologies like mixed reality and digital twins highlight the need for complementarity and interactive co-existence between the physical and virtual worlds. Blockchain facilitates this co-existence by providing a secure and trusted framework for integrating and synchronizing data and activities across both environments, developing trust through the reliability and authenticity of interactions and transactions. However, despite substantial advancements in related fields, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive surveys that address the integration of AI/ML, 6G, and blockchain in the Metaverse. In this paper, we fill this gap by examining BIoE’s capabilities in bridging the physical and virtual worlds and securing Metaverse applications across various domains, such as immersive energy grids, immersive healthcare, and immersive living. We explore BIoE’s role in service provisioning in the Metaverse, including access control, privacy protection, authentication, attack identification, and trust management. Additionally, we present a detailed taxonomy of existing literature, discuss novel use cases, and explore the synergies and practical implementations of BIoE in Metaverse applications. Finally, we address current challenges and propose future research directions to advance the field of BIoE in the Metaverse.

S. Gnanavel, N. Arunachalam, Godfrey Winster Sathianesan

Blockchain’s appeal is expanding as additional application industries seek to profit from its immutability, security, costsavings, transparency, and processing speed. Blockchain has helped many industries improve their existing systems or complete system design shifts. For example, blockchain has enabled IoT systems to improve service quality while meeting security requirements. This technique is generating much academic interest in other domains, such as the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). The study classifies blockchain-enabled systems generically as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The distributed ledger technology (DLT) paradigm has transformed VANET communication paradigms and practices. The study will also look for open concerns related to blockchain for opportunities. The concept of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) embraces the potential of blockchain technology to enhance security in electric vehicle (EV) transactions, enabling decentralized, transparent, and secure electricity trading. Moreover, the utilization of blockchain technology holds the promise of substantially improving energy efficiency, reducing management expenses, and ensuring the optimal utilization of energy resources. As a result, its implementation in the IoV idea enables EVs to trade energy in a secure, autonomous, and automatic manner. The purpose is to investigate existing IoV difficulties and demonstrate how blockchain properties might aid this new paradigm. The limitations and potential research paths of blockchain technology integration within the IoV are also emphasized. Systems for vehicle networks need to handle data storage effectively and ensure secure transactions and interference-free networks. The immutability and tamperproof nature of blockchain make it a promising alternative for 5G car network systems. Additionally, inherent security assessments have been conducted, uncovering various difficulties and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in 5G vehicular networks.

Shezon Saleem Mohammed Abdul, Anup Shrestha, Jianming Yong

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is rapidly evolving, promising to revolutionize financial services through blockchain technology. Successful integration of asset transfers across diverse DeFi platforms hinges on effective interoperability and transaction finality, ensuring security and cost efficiency. This paper introduces CrossDeFi, a novel cross-chain communication protocol tailored to address the challenges posed by heterogeneity in consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and token systems. CrossDeFi introduces two key mechanisms: Miner and bridge selection (MBS) and improved transfer confirmation (ITC). The MBS mechanism optimizes the selection of miners and bridges based on the unique characteristics of each blockchain, significantly improving transfer accuracy, cost efficiency, and speed. Meanwhile, the ITC mechanism leverages cryptographic primitives to secure asset transfer confirmations, ensuring robust transaction finality. The protocol’s effectiveness is demonstrated through detailed efficiency and security analyses, complemented by a prototype evaluation that showcases its capabilities in reducing transfer durations and costs. These findings underscore the potential of CrossDeFi to transform the DeFi ecosystem.

Mahdi Akbari Zarkesh, Ehsan Dastani, Bardia Safaei, Ali Movaghar

The pervasive adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly advanced healthcare digitization and modernization. Nevertheless, the sensitive nature of medical data presents security and privacy challenges. On the other hand, resource constraints of IoT devices often necessitates cloud services for data handling, introducing single points of failure, processing delays, and security vulnerabilities. Meanwhile, the blockchain technology offers potential solutions for enhancing security, decentralization, and data ownership. An ideal solution should ensure confidentiality, access control, and data integrity while being scalable, cost-effective, and integrable with the existing systems. However, current blockchain-based studies only address some of these requirements. Accordingly, this paper proposes EdgeLinker; a comprehensive solution incorporating Proof-of-Authority consensus, integrating smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain for access control, and advanced cryptographic algorithms for secure data communication between IoT edge devices and the fog layer in healthcare fog applications. This novel framework has been implemented in a real-world fog testbed, using COTS fog devices. Based on a comprehensive set of evaluations, EdgeLinker demonstrates significant improvements in security and privacy with reasonable costs, making it an affordable and practical system for healthcare fog applications. Compared with the state-of-the-art, without significant changes in the write-time to the blockchain, EdgeLinker achieves a 35% improvement in data read time. Additionally, it is able to provide better throughput in both reading and writing transactions compared to the existing studies. EdgeLinker has been also examined in terms of energy, resource consumption and channel latency in both secure and non-secure modes, which has shown remarkable improvements.

Kassim Kalinaki

The Internet of Things (IoT) amalgamation with Blockchain technologies holds immense potential to augment Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Business Intelligence (BI) capabilities. As data-driven decision-making becomes paramount, this convergence presents organizations with unprecedented opportunities to enhance their BI systems. This study explores the foundational concepts, technological frameworks, and real-world applications underpinning IoT, Blockchain, and AI fusion within BI ecosystems. Examining the synergies between these cutting-edge technologies elucidates potential benefits, such as fortified data security, heightened transparency, and streamlined operational efficiencies. Concurrently, the study delves into the associated challenges, including interoperability complexities and scalability concerns. This study examines current trends, emerging developments, and future directions in AI-powered BI integrated with IoT and Blockchain. It offers key insights for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers working in this field.

P. Sivaprakash, R. M. Dilip Charaan, J Vimala Ithayan, M Sankar · 6 authors

Healthcare is among the industries that are very interested in blockchain technology due to its potential. Blockchain and the interplanetary file system are emerging technologies that include distributed fault tolerance, decentralization, flexible security features, and effective data management. By providing a decentralized solution, the blockchain and Interplanetary file system integration addresses the issues of data security, integrity, and accessibility in healthcare systems. The healthcare industry electronically maintains medical data, including prescriptions, diagnostic results, and personal patient information. When there is a risk of a data breach or loss, many healthcare institutions store patient data utilizing centralized models and third-party applications. The current centralized system has a 75% accuracy rate. To guarantee the integrity and security of medical data, the suggested system would demonstrate the qualities of blockchain technology, including immutability, transparency, and decentralization. The suggested system's methodology stores and hashes data using Ethereum smart contracts and consensus mechanisms. Approaches based on consensus algorithms are used to combine data upload and storage authentication and validation. Following data mining, the uploaded data will be verified and saved in the Interplanetary File System with unique content identifiers. Only those who have registered are able to access the saved data. The risk of unwanted tampering or data breaches is decreased because all transactions pertaining to the storage and access of data are recorded in an unchangeable and transparent manner. The suggested distributed and decentralized system has a 90% accuracy rate. Moreover, the decentralized nature of blockchain eliminates the necessity for a central authority, so reducing the likelihood of a single point of failure and enhancing data resilience.

Mukund Pratap Singh, Jagendra Singh, Vinayakumar Ravi, Preeti Gupta · 8 authors

Aims This study will investigate the integration of quantum computing and blockchain technology of EHR systems, evaluating the potential and major vulnerabilities of the developed blockchain platforms. In addition, through this evaluation, in this paper, transaction capabilities, energy consumption, and quantum susceptibilities of Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Ripple are being evaluated. Further, research gaps on quantum implications and transition strategies to quantum-resistant systems for achieving secure, efficient, and patient-centric Healthcare 4.0 are identified. Background The embedding of quantum computing and blockchain technology within EHR systems represents the next wave of scientific development within the healthcare sector. However, at the same time, emerging quantum capabilities have raised serious vulnerabilities for major blockchain platforms. If Ethereum and Bitcoin display quantum threats regarding their high transaction capacities, then Ripple, with its high rate of transactions, truly presents a high stake in terms of quantum threats. Further, the energy consumption discrepancies pose some environmental impacts and point to the need for research on energy-efficient quantum-resistant systems. Objective This research investigates the potential and vulnerabilities of major blockchain platforms with electronic health record systems in a new quantum computing environment. In that context, this work evaluates transaction capacities, quantum threats, and energy use for platforms like Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Ripple. Additionally, it seeks to identify research gaps and propose transition strategies toward a quantum-resistant system in support of the development of a secure and efficient Healthcare 4.0. Methods This work focused on assessing the potential and vulnerabilities of blockchain platforms under quantum computing threats in EHR systems. We analyzed transaction processing rates, quantum susceptibilities, and energy consumption metrics for the Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Ripple platforms. A complete literature review is presented with respect to realistic quantum implications and practical transition strategies toward quantum-resistant systems oriented to support the development of secure and efficient Healthcare 4.0. Results The evaluations revealed that Ethereum processed 30 transactions per second and Bitcoin processed 7, with each having low quantum vulnerability. Ripple, at 1500 transactions per second, also had significant quantum vulnerabilities. In addition to energy use, Bitcoin consumes 707 kWh per single transaction compared with Ripple's 0.0078 kWh. Other gaps in research existed in real-world quantum consequences and considerations for transitioning to quantum-resistant systems, all of which are vital for making Healthcare 4.0 secure and efficient. Conclusion This has underscored the transformative potential as well as the weaknesses involved in integrating quantum computing and blockchain technologies into EHR. However, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Ripple vary in their transaction rates; all three face a similar quantum threat while having large differences in energy consumption. These are problems that would call for more research into quantum-resistant systems and strategic implementation. Actualization of a secure, efficient, and patient-centered Healthcare 4.0 will call for proactive research collaboration and strategic efforts towards ensuring technological and environmental sustainability.

Zhihong Deng, Chunming Tang, Taotao Li, Debiao He

The emergence of 5G/6G networks has sparked new potentials for Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, such as vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs), inspiring numerous scholars to leverage Blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles (BIoV) solutions to address prevailing issues in VANETs. However, the dynamic and decentralized nature of VANETs presents significant challenges in terms of security and privacy, hindering data providers from engaging in the data-sharing process. Furthermore, the reliability of edge nodes and system architecture in the BIoV paradigm faces several challenges, including limited consensus participation, high resource consumption, poor scalability, and centralization. To mitigate these challenges, we propose RTSP, a robust and trusted service protocol for VANETs, based on a distributed ledger technology. RTSP advocates a novel three-tier BIoV architecture suitable for any permissioned BIoV application scenario. To improve the quality of data sharing, we design a decentralized reputation mechanism. This mechanism mitigates the performance bottleneck induced by consensus transactions by measuring the historical behavior of roadside units (RSUs). Empirical evidence from simulation experiments and security performance analyses substantiates RTSP’s capabilities. It can hinder the number of faulty RSUs from increasing while simultaneously improving data-sharing efficiency, simplifying communication complexity, and enhancing system scalability and consensus stability.

Aparna Vijayakumar, S. V. Annlin Jeba, Aneetta Ann Mathew, Megha Ann Raju · 5 authors

The healthcare sector is confronting a number of difficulties, including the vulnerability of sensitive patient data, privacy breaches, and medical record theft. Healthcare data is particularly sensitive and requires fail-safe measures to avoid unauthorized access, leakage, and modification. The existing environment is riddled with errors, interoperability challenges, complicated compliance laws, and poor data sharing procedures, all of which dramatically increase the danger of data theft. Recognizing the crucial need for revolutionary action, a paradigm change is advocated for healthcare data security. The suggested approach seeks not only to prevent fraud, but also to build a framework for assuring the absolute integrity and validity of shared patient data. This unique technology goes beyond security by providing the secure transmission of critical health information with access restricted to authorized persons. Adopting a blockchain architecture, like as Ethereum, creates a decentralized and tamper-resistant ledger that allows for the transparent and safe recording of patient-doctor interactions.

Vijaykumar Vyas, Ashwin Raiyani

This work is to present a new approach – the Resource Allocation Weighted Random Walk (RA-WRW) algorithm, based on IOTA-Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), for the optimization of transaction processing within the IOTA network. The objectives of improved execution time, better CPU usage, enhanced network efficiency, and better scalability are met in accordance with stringent security measures. The Python-based algorithm considers node resources and transaction weights for the selection of the best tips. The authentication operation of the sender with private keys ensures the integrity of the data, while verification procedures confirm the authenticity of the tips and the validity of transactions. Implementation of this algorithm greatly improves the efficiency of IOTA network transaction processing. The experiment is run on a commonly used dataset available in Kaggle and some system-specific configurations, which depicts a significant improvement in execution time, CPU usage, network efficiency, and scalability. The tips selected are very authentic and consistent, thus proving the efficacy of this algorithm. It proposes a new RA-WRW algorithm based on IOTA-DLT, efficiently fusing resource allocation with weighted random walk strategies for improving the security, efficiency, and scalability in distributed ledger transactions. This has been a colossal development toward the betterment of processing transactions across the IOTA network and feels the pulse of such a newer approach in applications across the real world.

Burhan Ul Islam Khan, Khang Wen Goh, Abdul Raouf Khan, Megat F. Zuhairi · 5 authors

Blockchain is recognized for its robust security features, and its integration with Internet of Things (IoT) systems presents scalability and operational challenges. Deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI) within blockchain environments raises concerns about balancing rigorous security requirements with computational efficiency. The prime motivation resides in integrating AI with blockchain to strengthen IoT security and withstand multiple variants of lethal threats. With the increasing number of IoT devices, there has also been a spontaneous increase in security vulnerabilities. While conventional security methods are inadequate for the diversification of IoT devices, adopting AI can assist in identifying and mitigating such threats in real time, whereas integrating AI with blockchain can offer more intelligent decentralized security measures. The paper contributes to a three-layered architecture encompassing the device/sensory, edge, and cloud layers. This structure supports a novel method for assessing legitimacy scores and serves as an initial security measure. The proposed scheme also enhances the architecture by introducing an Ethereum-based data repositioning framework as a potential trapdoor function, ensuring maximal secrecy. To complement this, a simplified consensus module generates a conclusive evidence matrix, bolstering accountability. The model also incorporates an innovative AI-based security optimization utilizing an unconventional neural network model that operates faster and is enhanced with metaheuristic algorithms. Comparative benchmarks demonstrate that our approach results in a 48.5% improvement in threat detection accuracy and a 23.5% reduction in processing time relative to existing systems, marking significant advancements in IoT security for smart cities.

Amrit Suman, Preetam Suman, Naween Kumar, Sasmita Padhy · 5 authors

Blockchain technology is increasingly being used in various industries, including finance, healthcare, energy management, digital records, and IoT. The combination of IoT and blockchain can address privacy, security, and responsibility issues in data-driven environments. Ethical issues are discussed in this chapter, emphasizing responsible governance frameworks. Blockchain-based decentralized systems can empower residents by giving them more control over their data and increasing transparency in municipal government. Ecologically sound architecture strategies prioritize user comfort, security, modernization, and data security. Blockchain technology can address technical and administrative tasks, such as data security and sustainability issues. The advancement of blockchain technology with IoT makes smart cities more secure and user-friendly in various sectors.

R. Mahesh, Kartik Anilkumar, S Shwetha, Dr.K.Pavan Kumar · 6 authors

Efficiency, security, and transparency have been improved by the smart grid energy management system's combination of IoT and blockchain technologies. Real-time data is collected by IoT devices, and safe transactions are recorded in a decentralized ledger using blockchain. In this chapter, the important elements have been discussed with distributed ledgers, smart meters, and sensors. Demand response, integration of renewable energy sources, and grid resilience have been enhanced by successful implementations. Issues related to interoperability, privacy, and scalability are tackled. The use of AI and ML in energy management, demand forecasting, and anomaly detection is also described in this chapter.

Kainat Fiaz, Asim Zeb, Shahid Hussain, Kinza Khurshid · 9 authors

The healthcare industry has witnessed a transformative impact due to recent advancements in sensing technology, coupled with the Internet of Medical Things (IoMTs)-based healthcare systems. Remote monitoring and informed decision-making have become possible by leveraging an integrated platform for efficient data analysis and processing, thereby optimizing data management in healthcare. However, this data is collected, processed, and transmitted across an interconnected network of devices, which introduces notable security risks and escalates the potential for vulnerabilities throughout the entire data processing pipeline. Traditional security approaches rely on computational complexity and face challenges in adequately securing sensitive healthcare data against evolving threats, thus necessitating robust solutions that ensure trust, enhance security, and maintain data confidentiality and integrity. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a two-phase framework that integrates blockchain technology with IoMT to enhance trust computation, resulting in a secure cluster that supports the quality-of-service (QoS) for sensitive data. The first phase utilizes the decentralized interplanetary file system and hashing functions to create a smart contract for device registration, establishing a resilient storage platform that encrypts data, improves fault tolerance, and facilitates data access. In the second phase, communication overhead is optimized by considering power levels, communication ranges, and computing capabilities alongside the smart contract. The smart contract evaluates the trust index and QoS of each node to facilitate device clustering based on processing capabilities. We implemented the proposed framework using OMNeT++ simulator and C++ programming language and evaluated against the cutting-edge IoMT security approaches in terms of attack detection, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and latency. The qualitative results demonstrated that the proposed framework enhanced attack detection by 6.00%, 18.00%, 20.00%, and 27.00%, reduced energy consumption by 6.91%, 8.19%, 12.07%, and 17.94%, improved packet delivery ratio by 3.00%, 6.00%, 9.00%, and 10.00%, increased throughput by 7.00%, 8.00%, 11.00%, and 13.00%, and decreased latency by 4.90%, 8.81%, 11.54%, and 20.63%, against state-of-the-art methods and was supported by statistical analysis.

Feida Zhu, Jian Pei, M. Zeller, Bingxue Zhang

With the advent of Bitcoin, a cryptographically-enabled peer-to-peer digital payment system, blockchain together with a whole package of distributed ledger technologies, which serve as the underlying foundation of all the crypto-currencies, have been gaining attention from both academia and industry in the last fifteen years. The recent years have witnessed tremendous momentum in the development of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies, largely due to the impressive rise in the market capital of these digital tokens. More and more industries, from banking and insurance, to supply chain and e-commerce, are quickly realizing the great potential in blockchain technology in efficiency boost, process automation and secure data sharing across otherwise isolated data silos. Furthermore, as the recognition of the data value began to sink in, data assets has become an essential part of the development of enterprises and countries. Blockchain technology is regarded as the foundation of digital economy and provides an effective approach for data ownership, pricing and transactions, which are the core issues of data asset management. However, the potential implications of Blockchain technologies go far beyond their application as the technological backbone for cryptocurrencies. Web3.0, using blockchain as underlying technology, allow for various novel application scenarios, which are built upon distributed consensus and thus are hard to block or censor while providing public verifiability of peer-to-peer transactions without a trusted central party. Web3.0 are expected to become the main front for a plethora of highly expressive applications. To more thoroughly explore the potential of blockchain and web3.0 and promote their progress, SDBD'24 will provide a forum for the most recent blockchain and web3.0 research, innovations, and applications, bridging the gap between theory and practice in the design.