Mary Subaja Christo, V. Elizabeth Jesi, Uma Priyadarsini, V. Anbarasu · 6 authors
Hospital data management is one of the functional parts of operations to store and access healthcare data. Nowadays, protecting these from hacking is one of the most difficult tasks in the healthcare system. As the user’s data collected in the field of healthcare is very sensitive, adequate security measures have to be taken in this field to protect the networks. To maintain security, an effective encryption technology must be utilised. This paper focuses on implementing the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) technique, a lightweight authentication approach to share the data effectively. Many researches are in place to share the data wirelessly, among which this work uses Electronic Medical Card (EMC) to store the healthcare data. The work discusses two important data security issues: data authentication and data confidentiality. To ensure data authentication, the proposed system employs a secure mechanism to encrypt and decrypt the data with a 512-bit key. Data confidentiality is ensured by using the Blockchain ledger technique which allows ethical users to access the data. Finally, the encrypted data is stored on the edge device. The edge computing technology is used to store the medical reports within the edge network to access the data in a very fast manner. An authenticated user can decrypt the data and process the data at optimum speed. After processing, the updated data is stored in the Blockchain and in the cloud server. This proposed method ensures secure maintenance and efficient retrieval of medical data and reports.
Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) is a form of telehealth or virtual health that strengthens online medical services and allows delivering healthcare remotely. Nowadays, remote patient monitoring systems (RPMS) are widely used by healthcare providers to remotely monitor the vital signs of patients. As the RPM field expands, concerns about efficient and secure medical data transmission are raised. This kind of patient medical data is collected by the mean of Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) or sometimes denoted as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices. The collected data needs to be stored and retrieved with highly assured levels of security and privacy as the data comprises private and critical patients’ information. To secure medical data, this paper proposes a blockchain-based architecture to manage access control to medical data and to preserve patient’s data privacy. The blockchain-based system is built on Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned distributed ledger solution, and the ledgers and transactions are stored in the cloud. The proposed architecture is designed to contribute to the robustness of the RPM systems and to avoid recorded security limitations in commonly used permissioned blockchains methods. Performance evaluation has proved the robustness and superiority of the proposed system in terms of data confidentiality, integrity, availability, traceability, scalability, and data privacy while integrated with the RPM services.
The innovative development in the internet of things is not only giving rapid growth in the development of efficiency of new technologies but also giving a threat relative to the integrity and confidentiality of data. So, it requires security, privacy, data integrity, confidentiality, authentication and authorization which is provided by the Blockchain Technology. This paper mainly represents access control mechanism for different nodes in the smart healthcare environment. For this it uses multiple access control smart contracts. Here the smart contract is implemented using Ethereum Smart Contract increasing the confidentiality and integrity of data by providing Authentication, Access control, Authorization for the management of data sharing and storage of data. Here the smart contracts will provide Node Authentication and authorization of each device, based on the registration to provide the data security which is missing in other Internet of Thing’s applications.
In today’s scenario, every organization is dependent on the use of computers for automating business and work. The data generated by the organization is huge and has great significance in analyzing the processes. It can be rightfully described as the lifeblood of any organization. The world of computing requires three technologies: IoT, machine learning and blockchain. The confluence of these technologies is inevitable in the future due to the benefits which are involved in future applications. There is barely any activity today which cannot apply the use of these three technologies; e.g. healthcare, automation, education, and the Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as interconnection of various autonomous devices which are capable of communicating with each other. IoT requires an intermittent Internet connection and address for every device. The user of these devices can remotely monitor and manage by retrieving the information on a handheld device such as a cell phone. This way, the devices are connected 24/7 and continuously generating data. Challenges of IoT involve security, connectivity problems, and huge amounts of data. The devices can be made capable of making intelligent decisions by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning technology. Machine learning is a sub-branch of AI. It has huge potential to detect the patterns and anomalies in the data which is generated by the wireless sensor nodes in IoT. The advanced decision-making process of machine learning has already influenced our daily routines in, for example, healthcare, the banking sector, interactive gaming, transportation, and missions for exploration of space. Challenges faced by ML include data security, centralization, and limitations in resources. To cover the security aspect of these two technologies, blockchain technology is the perfect answer. It is a decentralized peer-to-peer network which stores the records and transactions in blocks which cannot be altered. This technology secures the communication by eliminating the need for any trusted third party. The blocks are stored in such a manner that it is impossible to hack or tamper with the data by taking control of device or capturing the records. This chapter will present a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the existing research in these fields and how these technologies can be used for a transformative impact in accessing information by the users. The convergence of blockchain, machine learning, and IoT will provide scalability and high-level intellectual functioning which will be secure to bring a new paradigm of digital transformation.
Blockchain is the prominent security that provides more security to critical information. Blockchain provides a shared, immutable and transparent history for all the transactions built with the help of Blockchain technology that has trust, account and transparency. Blockchain technology is used to protect data and gives reliability. An AES algorithm is used to encrypt the data. The aim of the paper is that to provide better communication between the patients and doctors to share their opinion and viewpoint on different kinds of problems and put the patients in control according to their clinical data, providing them with the legal rights to share the data, the clear, understandable version of their data with the medical network of every organization, if needed.
ABSTRACT
Digital signatures are a restrained technique is used to validate the secrete document without any tampering. The hand-written signatures and Digital signature are both rely on the fact that it is very hard to find two signatures with the same person. Nowadays People use public-key cryptography to compute digital signatures by connecting something unique with another person's signature. Sometimes this digital signature called an electronic signature used for acknowledging online transactions. These signatures are commonly used for financial transactions, online transactions, software distribution, and in some common cases these signs are used for security purposes. The digital signatures are using different algorithms and procedures for cryptocurrency and other applications. This paper performs security analysis and the understanding of Digital Signature.
K. Sri Lakshmi Sruthi, D. Ratnagiri, Rudru Jyothika, Salunkhe Sneha · 6 authors
Bitcoin is one of the most popular and valuable cryptocurrencies in the current financial market, attracting traders for investment and thereby opening new research opportunities for researchers. Countless research works have been performed on Bitcoin price prediction with different machine learning prediction algorithms. For the project: relevant features are taken from the dataset having strong correlation with Bitcoin prices and random data chunks are then selected to train and test the model. The random data which has been selected for model training, may cause unfitting outcomes thus reducing the price prediction accuracy. Here, a proper method to train a prediction model is being scrutinised. The proposed methodology is then applied to train a simple Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict the bitcoin price for the upcoming 30 days. When the LSTM model is trained with a suitable data chunk, thus identified, sustainable results are found for the prediction. In the end of this project, the work culminates with future improvements. Bitcoin is a kind of Cryptocurrency and now is one of type of investment on the stock market. Stock markets are influenced by many risks of factor. And bitcoin is one kind of cryptocurrency that keep rising in recent few years, and sometimes sudden fall without knowing influence behind it on the stock market. Because it's fluctuations, there's a need and automation tool to predict bitcoin on the stock market. This research study learns how to create model prediction bitcoin stock market prediction using LSTM, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) is another type of module provided for RNN later developed and popularized by many researchers, like RNN, the LSTM also consists of modules with recurrent consistency. The Method that we apply on this project, also technique and tools to predict Bitcoin on stock market yahoo finance can predict the result above $ 12600 USD for next days after prediction, in the last section we make conclusions and discuss future works.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology. It enables users and various IoT-enabled devices to be linked across the IoT network in order to exchange their data and resources, which would result in a more relaxed and connected lifestyle. There are still several challenges facing the new centralized IoT network. For illustrative purposes, the method for computing all connected nodes within the network relies on a centralized server. The centralized IoT model prompts a single point of failure when the central server is offline. The centralized IoT model is a clear target for privacy and security issues, as a centralized system completely handles all IoT data of several connected devices. The implementation of the Quorum Blockchain Network (QBN) with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) on the IoT network will solve these problems. It provides an unchangeable ledger that would ensure the reliability of transactions between linked nodes on a distributed blockchain network thereby replacing the central authority. This paper aims to propose a distributed IoT data store and a decentralized IoT network using a QBN model with an IPFS protocol.
Manoshi Das Turjo, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, Manjit Kaur, Atef Zaguia
The manufacture of raw materials to deliver the product to the consumer in a traditional supply chain system is a manual process with insufficient data and transaction security. It also takes a significant amount of time, making the entire procedure lengthy. Overall, the undivided process is ineffective and untrustworthy for consumers. If blockchain and smart contract technologies are integrated into traditional supply chain management systems, data security, authenticity, time management, and transaction processes will all be significantly improved. Blockchain is a revolutionary, decentralized technology that protects data from unauthorized access. The entire supply chain management (SCM) will be satisfied with the consumer once smart contracts are implemented. The plan becomes more trustworthy when the mediator is contracted, which is doable in these ways. The tags employed in the conventional SCM process are costly and have limited possibilities. As a result, it is difficult to maintain product secrecy and accountability in the SCM scheme. It is also a common target for wireless attacks (reply attacks, eavesdropping, etc.). In SCM, the phrase “product confidentiality” is very significant. It means that only those who have been validated have access to the information. This paper emphasizes reducing the involvement of third parties in the supply chain system and improving data security. Traditional supply chain management systems have a number of significant flaws. Lack of traceability, difficulty maintaining product safety and quality, failure to monitor and control inventory in warehouses and shops, rising supply chain expenses, and so on, are some of them. The focus of this paper is on minimizing third-party participation in the supply chain system and enhancing data security. This improves accessibility, efficiency, and timeliness throughout the whole process. The primary advantage is that individuals will feel safer throughout the payment process. However, in this study, a peer-to-peer encrypted system was utilized in conjunction with a smart contract. Additionally, there are a few other features. Because this document makes use of an immutable ledger, the hacker will be unable to get access to it. Even if they get access to the system, they will be unable to modify any data. If the goods are defective, the transaction will be halted, and the customer will be reimbursed, with the seller receiving the merchandise. By using cryptographic methods, transaction security will be a feasible alternative for recasting these issues. Finally, this paper will demonstrate how to maintain the method with the maximum level of safety, transparency, and efficiency.
Introducing IBchain, a new blockchain architecture with the Internet of Things (IoT) could be an attractive framework regarding improvements in connectivity implementation through the smart cities. Instead of meriting innovation and security, the IoT links people, sites, products and consequently, also provides opportunities. Everything that transfers information to the IoT system is integrated by advanced microchips, sensors, and actuators in actual things. The analytical ability of the IoT converts observations into actions, impacting business advancements and significant ways of activity. IoT enables connected objects to transmit information to personal blockchain systems to create tamper-resistant transaction records. The information from sensors and microchips is progressing rapidly with blockchain ledgers, making them more portable and relevant for immediate conversations. In IBchain methodology, the smart objects are permissible to connect securely with other smart objects in diverse situations. IBchain creates an innovative blockchain-based processing configuration through the IoT. The IBchain could analyze blockchain to the main expertise or supports the IoT validation and trustworthiness. It reinforces blockchain and cloud to build an empowering IoT ubiquitous situation for secure communication among the smart devices.
Currently, vaccine distribution is the most concerning issue of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) diseases in every stage of peoples properly. There are several strategies is proposed by the researchers. Still, the public is facing various difficulties in taking the vaccine. However, the current technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and Blockchain (BC) are the intelligent solution for vaccine distribution efficiently. In light of these considerations, in this paper, we propose the “DistVAC-COVID” architecture incorporating a distributed Blockchain-based SDN-IoT framework for COVID-19's vaccine distribution considerably. In the presented system, the SDN benefits to divide the entire network into two distinct planes such as the data and control plane for distributing COVID data smartly. Further, a distributed Blockchain provides the desired system to be prominently secured and more confidential. Therefore, the “DistVAC-COVID” model combining SDN, IoT, and BC can be handled by several COVID-19 zones-red, hazard, and green securely. Finally, we evaluate the “DistVAC-COVID” architecture via an experimental evaluation process and show the effectiveness of the suggested solution in comparison with baseline system.
Jainshaid Iqbal Janjua, Mehwish Nadeem, Zubair Ahmad Khan
Based on the first three Industrial Revolutions (IRs), the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is changing the society like never before, as a result of storms of technologies. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) supported blockchain technology is fourth industrial revolution (4IR) as it transforming the current internet. After the invention of internet, DLT can be considered next technological breakthrough. It is anticipated to transform not only the technical structure of our information technology and communication, but also has potential to re-model the very-fabric of society. As far as blockchain adoption is concern, rapid transformation of business, governments and existing traditional system into purely blockchain based system have many challenges and barriers, especially in developing countries. It will take years for blockchain to dribble into our social and economic infrastructure. We proposed a DLT based model and framework that supports and facilitates conventional transformation of existing systems towards 4IR based DLT systems that can accommodate smooth communication between the legacy systems with the latest systems. Hence, this adds value to the efforts and the man hours invested for making the systems in history. This article investigates the different blockchain platforms in terms of contract language, governance, data access, privacy, transparency, mining and suggests the most suitable DLT platform for Pakistan’s education sector.
Chunchu Suchith Kumar, B. B. Nayak, Neroju Manasa, Sanjeev Kumar
The World Economic Forum marked Blockchain technology (BCT) as one of the seven revolutionary technologies of the future. It is a distributed ledger system ensuring transparency, security, immutability, interoperability, and provenance. This article tries to understand the technological aspects, working mechanism and explore different areas where BCT can be applied in agriculture. Data in BCT is stored in a series of blocks contains the hash value (previous and the current), timestamp, and difficulty details, secured cryptographically with a symmetric or asymmetric digital signature to avoid data tampering and fraud. Traceability (supply chain), using Smart contracts (in Agricultural insurance, Crop finance, Land records) achieved by the BCT and the companies (Carrefour, Trace harvest), states (Telangana, Andhra Pradesh), and countries (Kenya, European Union) practicing are discussed. The Farmer producer company- Sahyadri farms keen implementation of blockchain fetched benefits to farmers amid Covid times. Finally, addressing the barriers in practicing the BCT in India- Technology maturity, energy cost, and education. The massive potential of BCT is yet untapped, to reach up to the farmer level, which will flourish in the coming years.
Mohammed Baz, Sabita Khatri, Abdullah Baz, Hosam Alhakami · 6 authors
The rapid emergence of novel virus named SARS-CoV2 and unchecked dissemination of this virus around the world ever since its outbreak in 2020, provide critical research criteria to assess the vulnerabilities of our current he... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
The world is undergoing a profound transformation with the advent of intelligent information era. 6G networks envisioned being the game changer in next generation wireless communication systems that will address the challenges of limited information speed escalated with the augmentation of billions of data applications encountered by the current fifth generation (5G) networks. Some key radical technologies in 6G together with existing 5G candidate schemes will guarantee the expected quality of experience (QoE) to attain ubiquitous wireless connectivity for the Internet of Everything (IoE) ranging from the telecom industry to digital smart industries. Blockchain technology (BCT) has gained significant attention due to undertake the decentralization, transparency, spectrum resource scarcity, inherent privacy and security, poor interoperability, confidentiality, and emerging smart applications domains including Industrial IoT and Industry 4.0. The mismatch between the requirements of many data intensive disruptive IoT applications and 5G network capabilities steered the demand of decentralized BCT based 6G architecture. Inspired by these facts, this paper studies an extensive survey to draw a new direction of blockchain integration into 6G mobile networks, IoT technologies, and smart industries focusing the potential merits and challenges in terms of infrastructure sharing, computational loads, latency, bandwidth overhead, business model, sustainability goals, and edge intelligence. We highlighted the convergence of IoT in blockchain to enable intelligent distribution in future industrial IoT and the technical model of 6G networks to realize the successful deployment of BCT schemes. This paper pointed out the current intriguing challenges, canvassed the mitigation techniques, and plausible future research opportunities that may benefit the pursuit of this vision.
Tatyana A. Lomazina, Tatyana G. Surovtsova, Dmitrii A. Ivanov
The paper studies a practical implementation of Internet of Things device personalization. The solution of this problem greatly contributes to the creation of a system of devices that exchange trusted data. A fundamental architecture for a new information system that implements crypto wallets with automatic authentication of IoT devices, is proposed. The architecture provides a secure method of wallet initiation on a device. Internet of Things poses significant restrictions on hardware and software. The main problems are ensuring communication between IoT devices, optimizing the energy consumption of devices and small processing power. Changes in existing libraries and program code were required to implement the IoT wallet. The presence of a wallet makes it possible for the device to buy or sell data for crypto coins, for example, temperature readings of a video feed. This will contribute to the emergence of a new economic model in which the data collected is sold, not the devices themselves. Where seller IoT device transfers impersonal data to the customer and other IoT device validates integrity of data that is transferred. Based on integrous of data and its relevance other IoT device rates the seller and data costs.
Mohamed Elhoseny, Khalid Haseeb, Asghar Ali Shah, Irshad Ahmad · 6 authors
Internet of Things (IoT) performs a vital role in providing connectivity between computing devices, processes, and things. It significantly increases the communication facilities and giving up-to-date information to distributed networks. On the other hand, the techniques of artificial intelligence offer numerous and valuable services in emerging fields. An IoT-based healthcare solution facilitates patients, hospitals, and professionals to observe real-time and critical data. In the literature, most of the solution suffers from data intermission, high ethical standards, and trustworthiness communication. Moreover, network interruption with recurrent expose of sensitive and personal health data decreases the reliance on network systems. Therefore, this paper intends to propose an IoT solution for AI-enabled privacy-preserving with big data transferring using blockchain. Firstly, the proposed algorithm uses a graph-modeling to develop a scalable and reliable system for gathering and transmitting data. In addition, it extracts the subset of nodes using the artificial intelligence approach and achieves efficient services for the healthcare system. Secondly, symmetric-based digital certificates are utilized to offer authentic and confidential transmission with communication resources using blockchain. The proposed algorithm is explored with existing solutions through multiple simulations and proved improvement in terms of realistic parameters.
Modern IT technologies shaped the shift in economic models with many advantages on cost, optimization, and time to market. This economic shift has increased the need for transparency and traceability in supply chain platforms to achieve trust among partners. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is proposed to enable supply chains systems with trust requirements. In this paper, we investigate the existing DLT-based supply chain projects to show their technical part and limitations and extract the tools and techniques used to avoid the DLT scalability issue. We then set the requirements for a typical DLT-based supply chain in this context. The analyses are based on the scalability metrics such as computing, data storage, and transaction fees that fit the typical supply chain system. This paper highlights the effects of Blockchain techniques on scalability and their incorporation in supply chains systems. It also presents other existing solutions that can be applied to the supply chain. The investigation shows the necessity of having such tools in supply chains and developing them to achieve an efficient and scalable system. The paper calls for further scalability enhancements throughout introducing new tools and/or reutilize the current ones. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-04 Full Text: PDF
Industry 4.0 connects the latest technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of things (IoT), machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI), and blockchain to provide more automation in the industrial process and also bridges the gap between the physical and digital worlds through the cyber-physical system. The inherent feature of IoT devices creates the industry to smart industry (referred to as industrial IoT, i.e., IIoT) through its data-driven decision policies. However, several challenges such as decentralization, security and privacy vulnerability, single point of failure (SPOF), and trust issues exist in the IoT system. Blockchain is one of the promising technologies that can bring about opportunities for addressing the challenges of IoT systems. In this article, we have investigated the integration of IoT with blockchain technology and provided an in-depth study of the blockchain-enabled IoT and IIoT systems. The state-of-the-art research is categorized into data storage and management technique, big data and cloud computing technique (finance and data auditing), and industrial sectors (supply chain, energy, and healthcare sector). The insightful discussion based on the different categories is also presented in the paper. In particular, first, we introduce the IoT and IIoT and then discuss the need for smart contracts in IoT and IIoT systems. Next, we concentrate on the convergence of blockchain and IoT with state-of-the-art research. In addition, this article also provides the open and future research directions towards this era with the highlighted observations.
Aitizaz Ali, Hasliza A. Rahim, Muhammad Fermi Pasha, Rafael Dowsley · 7 authors
According to the security breach level index, millions of records are stolen worldwide on every single day. Personal health records are the most targeted records on the internet, and they are considered sensitive, and valuable. Security and privacy are the most important parameters of cryptography and encryption. They reduce the availability of data on patients and healthcare to the appropriate personnel and ultimately lead to a barrier in the transfer of healthcare into a digital health system. Using a permission blockchain to share healthcare data can reduce security and privacy issues. According to the literature, most healthcare systems rely on a centralized system, which is more prone to security vulnerabilities. The existing blockchain-based healthcare schemes provide only a data-sharing framework, but they lack security and privacy. To cope with these kinds of security issues, we have designed a novel security algorithm that provides security as well as privacy with much better efficiency and a lower cost. Hence, in this research, we have proposed a patient healthcare framework that provides greater security, reliability, and authentication compared to existing blockchain-based access control.