Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
2,631 results · page 42 of 110
Lakshit Madaan, Dikshita Jindal, Amit Kumar, Suresh Kumar · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Antonio Cruciani, Francesco Pasquale
No abstract is available for this record.
Zhigang Xu, Kangze Ye, Xinhua Dong, Hongmu Han · 8 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
E. Shanmuga Skandh Vinayak, N. Bhalaji, Xiaozhi Gao
No abstract is available for this record.
K. N. Unnikrishnan, P. Victer Paul
No abstract is available for this record.
Vojislav B. Mišić, Jelena Mišić, Xiaolin Chang
No abstract is available for this record.
Muhammad Imran, Bin Yao, Waqas Ali, Adnan Akhunzada · 7 authors
Blockchain technology in recent years has become potentially pervasive in the cryptocurrency market, thus providing tamper-proof security to decentralized transaction management systems. Structurally, the design foundation is an ideal advancement of the distributed ledger technology that maintains a set of global states across nodes. As technology expands with a higher trend towards mobile computing, the development of new applications demands understanding the current progression, especially concerning performance, data management, and storage prospects. Here, we report the principle design structure of the blockchain technology combined with the state of the arts, thus characterizing their original topological contexts. We depart from the fundamental concepts of the technology and analyze performance of the Ethereum blockchain on two devices having different computing power. Our presentation is tailored to provide a systematic review of the technology, thus facilitating their possible adoption into the new application domains like the Internet of Things (IoT). Further, we developed Debug-Bench, the first VSCode (Visual Studio Code) extension that enables benchmarking and profiling of the blockchain applications. Finally, we demonstrate several critical challenges concerning the design space of the current blockchain platforms for their implementation over resource-constrained devices.
Jianfeng Shi, Chengzhi Li, Heng Wu, Heran Gao · 7 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Ayoub El Maaradi, Abdelouahid Lyhyaoui
No abstract is available for this record.
Denis Stefanescu, Leticia Montalvillo, Patxi Galán-García, Juanjo Unzilla · 5 authors
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an essential part of our society. IoT devices are used in our houses, hospitals, cars, industry, etc., making our lives easier. Nonetheless, there are a number of serious concerns about security, privacy and performance issues in IoT. It has been proven that the aforementioned issues are strictly related to the high degree of centralisation of current IoT architecture. Thus, there is an increasing interest in adopting blockchain in IoT. However, blockchain adoption is not straightforward due to the power, storage and computational limitations of IoT. Consequently, the concept of lightweight blockchain is getting more and more attention from researchers and engineers. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review on the lightweight blockchain concept for IoT following the PRISMA methodology. We systematically analyse “lightweight blockchain for IoT” proposals in order to better understand the limitations of blockchain for IoT, the characteristics of the current work on this topic and further research opportunities. Specifically, we analyse the definition of lightweight blockchain that other authors give, the characteristics of the reviewed proposals, their “lightweight” aspects and their evaluation. Finally, we discuss the results of the review along with further research opportunities. Consequently, this work is mostly focused on understanding the technical and performance-related aspects of blockchain for IoT as a prelude to more specific analysis such as security (i.e., attacks, vulnerabilities, etc.).
Carlos Núñez‐Gómez, Carmen Carrión, Blanca Caminero, Francisco M. Delicado
Fog computing arises as a complement to cloud computing where computing and storage are provided in a decentralized way rather than the centralized approach of the cloud paradigm. In addition, blockchain provides a decentralized and immutable ledger which can provide support for running arbitrary logic thanks to smart contracts. These facts can lead to harness smart contracts on blockchain as the basis for a decentralized, autonomous, and resilient orchestrator for the resources in the fog. However, the potentially vast amount of geographically distributed fog nodes may threaten the feasibility of the orchestration. On the other hand, fog nodes can exhibit highly dynamic workloads which may result in the orchestrator redistributing the services among them. Thus, there is also a need to dynamically support the network connections to those services independently of their location. Software Defined Networking (SDN) can be integrated within the orchestrator to carry out a seamless service management. To tackle both aforementioned issues, the S-HIDRA architecture is proposed. It integrates SDN support within a blockchain-based orchestrator of container-based services for fog environments, in order to provide low network latency and high service availability. Also, a domain-based architecture is outlined \marev{as potential scenario} to address the geographic distributed nature of fog environments. Results obtained from a proof-of-concept implementation assess the required functionality for S-HIDRA.
Simeon Wuthier, Pranav Chandramouli, Xiaobo Zhou, Sang‐Yoon Chang
No abstract is available for this record.
Fouzia Alzhrani, Kawther Saeedi, Liping Zhao
Blockchain is a promising technology that has received extensive attention from academia and industry in various subject domains. The significant potential of blockchain technology lies in its key characteristics of decentralization, persistency, anonymity, and auditability. However, the development of blockchain applications faces many technical difficulties because such applications are highly complex and heterogeneous, involving cooperation and interoperation between legacy systems and blockchain systems. These difficulties are further exacerbated by the lack of a common understanding of different blockchain solutions and components from a software engineering perspective. This study proposes a taxonomy to classify the eight fundamental components of blockchain systems. These components comprise a platform, network, distributed ledger, smart contract, consensus protocol, digital wallet, token, and node. Under the proposed taxonomy, each component is divided into several aspects (i.e., characteristics) that collectively describe the component. As a result of this elaboration, the taxonomy organizes the eight components into 83 dimensions and 199 characteristics. The taxonomy was validated using illustrative scenarios and a case study. The proposed taxonomy aims to provide a better understanding of the interrelationships among different blockchain components and aspects. Such an understanding can help blockchain application developers to design better blockchain architectures and systems.
Gennady Shvachych, Boris Moroz, Андрій Матвійчук, Hanna Sashchuk · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Siqi Feng, Wenquan Li, Lanju Kong, Lijin Liu · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Peifang Ni, Jing Xu
No abstract is available for this record.
Akihiro Fujihara, Takaaki Yanagihara
No abstract is available for this record.
Morteza Alizadeh, Karl Andersson, Olov Schelén
Decentralization is essential when trust and performance must not depend on a single organization. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and Decentralized Hash Tables (DHTs) are examples where the DLT is useful for transactional events, and the DHT is useful for large-scale data storage. The combination of these two technologies can meet many challenges. The blockchain is a DLT with immutable history protected by cryptographic signatures in data blocks. Identification is an essential issue traditionally provided by centralized trust anchors. Self-sovereign identities (SSIs) are proposed decentralized models where users can control and manage their identities with the help of DHT. However, slowness is a challenge among decentralized identification systems because of many connections and requests among participants. In this article, we focus on decentralized identification by DLT and DHT, where users can control their information and store biometrics. We survey some existing alternatives and address the performance challenge by comparing different decentralized identification technologies based on execution time and throughput. We show that the DHT and machine learning model (BioIPFS) performs better than other solutions such as uPort, ShoCard, and BBID.
Sudeep Tanwar
No abstract is available for this record.
Sanjay Dhonde, Inzamam Ansari
No abstract is available for this record.
Panagiotis Chatzigiannis, Foteini Baldimtsi, Konstantinos Chalkias
No abstract is available for this record.
Henri T. Heinonen, Alexander Semenov, Jari Veijalainen, Timo Hämäläinen
According to recent estimates, one bitcoin transaction consumes as much energy as 1.5 million Visa transactions. Why is bitcoin using so much energy? Most of the energy is used during the bitcoin mining process, which serves at least two significant purposes: a) distributing new cryptocurrency coins to the cryptoeconomy and b) securing the Bitcoin blockchain ledger. In reality, the comparison of bitcoin transactions to Visa transactions is not that simple. The amount of transactions in the Bitcoin network is not directly connected to the amount of bitcoin mining power nor the energy consumption of those mining devices; for example, it is possible to multiply the number of bitcoin transactions per second without increasing the mining power and the energy consumption. Bitcoin is not only “digital money for hackers”. It has very promising future potential as a global reserve currency and a method to make the World Wide Web (WWW) immune to cyberattacks such as the Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks. This survey approached cryptocurrencies’ various technological and environmental issues from many different perspectives. To make various cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin (BTC) and ether (ETH), greener and more justified, what technological solutions do we have? We found that cryptocurrency mining might be cleaner than is generally expected. There is also a plan to make a vast renewable energy source available by combining Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Bitcoin mining. There are plans to use unconventional computing methods (quantum computing, reversible computing, ternary computing, optical computing, analog computing) to solve some of the issues regarding the vast energy consumption of conventional computing (including cryptocurrency mining). We think using spare computing cycles for grid computing efforts is justified. For example, there are billions of smartphones in the world. Many smartphones are being recharged every day. If this daily recharging period of twenty to sixty minutes would be used for grid computing, for example, finding new cures to cancer, it would probably be a significant breakthrough for medical research simulations. We call cryptocurrency communities to research and develop grid computing and unconventional computing methods for the most significant cryptocurrencies: bitcoin (BTC) and ether (ETH).
Gopal Ojha, Rohit Kumar, Rojeena Bajracharya, Rakesh Shrestha
No abstract is available for this record.
C. Devi Parameswari, M. Ilayaraja
No abstract is available for this record.