Blockchain Papers

Liang Xue, Renxuan Fu, Dan Lin, Kailan Kuok · 7 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Xiru Liu, Guijuan Wang, Biwei Yan, Jiguo Yu

Internet of things (IoT) devices generate a massive amount of data every second in our lives. While cloud storage brings convenience to the users, it has the disadvantages of low scalability and weak reliability. Blockchain-based distributed storage eliminates data loss due to the tamper-resistant characteristic. Nonetheless, blockchain storage raises some confidentiality and retrieval efficiency issues of data. Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) is an effective search scheme based on ciphertexts, which ensures data security. However, with the increase of data on the blockchain, the data retrieval on the blockchain will be difficult. In this paper, a Complete Binary Tree Searchable Symmetric Encryption using Blockchain (KCB-BC-SSE) scheme is proposed. According to the number of searchers, the scheme is divided into single searcher and multiple searchers where the search efficiency is improved in theory. And the simulation on ethereum shows the feasibility of our scheme. The security analysis illustrates our scheme achieves security under the chosen keyword attack.

Matteo Loporchio, Anna Bernasconi, Damiano Di Francesco Maesa, Laura Ricci

In many blockchain networks, light nodes (e.g. mobile clients) with few computational resources must rely on more powerful full nodes to retrieve transactions from the chain. However, in this untrusted environment a malicious full node could deliver altered or incomplete information, requiring query authentication techniques to ensure the integrity of the results. To this aim, we study an authentication mechanism for spatial information (i.e. data representing the location, size, and shape of objects in a geographical coordinate system). We assume that light nodes issue range queries to obtain data from a single block. To enable authentication, we propose to construct a Merkle R-tree for each block and embed its root into the corresponding header, so that full nodes can exploit it to fetch information and construct a proof of integrity for lightweight clients. We also develop a new algorithm based on sorting and partitioning for constructing Merkle R-trees from a set of spatial transactions and employ space-filling curves to preserve the locality of elements. We examine its theoretical complexity, evaluate it experimentally on a real data set and compare it against other popular construction strategies. Results show that, as queries become more selective, trees generated with our solution improve query performance and reduce verification times with respect to other approaches. Moreover, we observe that the overhead induced by the tree construction is negligible if compared to the average inter-block time of popular blockchain protocols such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Ishtiaque Ahmed, Manan Darda, Siddhanth Nath

No abstract is available for this record.

Shanshan Li, Chunxiang Xu, Yuan Zhang, Anjia Yang · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Swati Megha, Hamza Salem, Enes Ayan, Manuel Mazzara · 8 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Xiao Shu, Bo Ding, Jie Luo, Xiang Fu · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Sikho Luzipo, Aurona Gerber

No abstract is available for this record.

César Loo Gil

El concepto de Smart Contract (SC) o contrato inteligente fue introducido a finales del siglo pasado por el criptógrafo informático Nick Szabo, quien lo propuso para automatizar el cumplimiento de las promesas computarizadas. Szabo indicó que estos son un conjunto de promesas especificadas en forma digital, que incluyen protocolos dentro de los cuales se asegura que las partes cumplan lo prometido (Sanz, 2019). Se entiende también como un protocolo de transacción electrónica que tiene el objetivo de facilitar, verificar y/o hacer cumplir digitalmente la negociación y ejecución de los términos de un contrato legal diseñado por las partes involcuradas. Los contratos inteligentes se caracterizan por reducir el costo de transacción, es decir, el arbitraje y el costo de ejecución al realizar transacciones rastreables e irreversibles todo ello mediante el uso de la tecnología blockchain (Prause, 2019).

Alex Hoffman, Phillipe Austria, Chol Hyun Park, Yoohwan Kim

A C TBug Bounty Programs (BBPs) play an important role in providing and maintaining security in software applications.These programs allow testers to discover and resolve bugs before the general public is aware of them, preventing incidents of widespread abuse.However, they have shown problems such as organizations providing accountability of reporting bugs and nonrecognition of testers.In this paper, we discuss Bountychain, a decentralized application using Ethereum-based Smart Contracts (SCs) and the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a distributed file storage system.Blockchain and SCs provide a safe, secure and transparent platform for a BBP.Testers can submit bug reports and organizations can accept or reject the defect via the SCs.Transactions on the blockchain serve as a persistent and transparent record of software bugs, while IPFS serves as a long-term storage system for bug details.Thus, Bountychain ensures organization accountability and allows testers to gain irrefutable recognition.

Victor Dostov, Pavel Pimenov, Pavel Shoust

No abstract is available for this record.

Jacob Lohmer, Lasse Bohlen, Rainer Lasch

No abstract is available for this record.

Weili Chen, Jiahui Cui, Xiongfeng Guo, Zhiguang Chen · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Triasesiarta Nur, Narendra Dewangkara

Cryptocurrency works on a system that admits people to make payments all over the world without the requirement for any intermediary. Most digital currencies experience frequent periods of intense volatility. This paper examines the day of the week effects in return and volatility on Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, and Tether currencies. To estimate volatile variance, this research uses five ARCH family models: ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH, TARCH and PARCH Models. The best models are derived based on Akaike Info Criterion and Schwarz Criterion. The sample periods vary based on the date of the initial release of each currency up to 31 December 2019. Results indicate the Power ARCH (PARCH) is the best model for Bitcoin and Litecoin, Threshold ARCH (TARCH) model is the best for Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin, and the EGARCH model is for Tether. Each model shows a different day of the week effects on each currency.

Serge Djoudji Temkeng, Achille Dargaud Fofack

The aim of this paper is to find out if the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA has a robust impact on the prices of cryptocurrencies. Inspired by the literature related to the determinants of cryptocurrency prices and based on data availability, six potential determinants of cryptocurrency prices and five proxies for the COVID-19 outbreak were selected. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak was tested using two approaches of extreme bounds analysis and the robustness of our findings was further checked with different cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash). Our results show that new deaths from the COVID-19 have a robust positive impact on the price of cryptocurrencies while the impact of new confirmed cases, total cases, and total deaths is not robust. In line with previous studies, it is also found that economic uncertainty, stock, gold, and oil prices are robust determinants of the value of cryptocurrencies.

Tarik Hidar, Anas Abou El Kalam, Siham Benhadou, Oussama Mounnan

Since the Tactile Internet has been considered as a new era of Internet, delivering real-time interactive systems as well as ultra-reliable and ultra-responsive network connectivity, tremendous efforts have been made to ensure authentication between communication’s parties to secure remote surgery. Since this human to machine interaction like remote surgery is critical and the communication between the surgeon and the tactile actor i.e. robot arms should be fully protected during the surgical procedure, a fully secure mutual user authentication scheme should be used in order to establish a secure session among the communicating parties. The existing methods usually require a server to ensure the authentication among the communicating parties, which makes the system vulnerable to single of point failure and not fit the design of such critical distributed environment i.e. tactile internet. To address these issues, we propose a new decentralized blockchain based authentication solution for tactile internet. In our proposed solution, there is no need for a trusted party; moreover, the decentralized nature of our proposed solution makes the authentication immutable, efficient, secure, and low latency requirement. The implementation of our proposed solution is deployed on Ethereum official test network Ropsten. The experimental results show that our solution is efficient, highly secured, and flexible.

Shiva Jairam, Jaap Gordijn, Isaac da Silva Torres, Fadime Kaya · 5 authors

Blockchain systems are a new way to reduce or even eliminate the role of the middlemen in an eco-system. For example, the Bitcoin, as one of the most well-known blockchain platforms, shows that it is possible to transfer money without the need of any (intermediate) bank at all. More generally, it allows for the decentralization of roles. In this paper, we focus on permissionless blockchains, which are systems that allow participation without upfront approval on other parties, as opposed to permissioned blockchains. Permissionless blockchain systems support direct business transactions between peers, so without any intermediate and centralized entity very well. However, the organization of the governance of such systems is less obvious. We argue that, in order to arrive at a really decentralized eco-system where power is fairly distributed, the governance should be decentralized; in other words, it should not be in the hand of one controlling entity. In this paper, we analyse, in a model-based way, for three well-known blockchain systems (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tezos) the governance processes. Based on this analysis, we draft an improved governance process for permissionless blockchains.

Ulrich Gallersdörfer, Friederike Groschupp, Florian Matthes

No abstract is available for this record.

J. T. Kruthik, K. Ramakrishnan, R Sunitha, Prasad B. Honnavalli

No abstract is available for this record.

Rita Oliveira, Catarina I. Reis, Marisa Maximiano

No abstract is available for this record.

Karthik Raman

Cryptocurrency, powered by blockchain technology, is transforming retail finance by introducing decentralized payment systems and alternative financial instruments. This study examines the technological, economic, behavioral, and regulatory factors influencing cryptocurrency adoption among consumers and businesses. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and stablecoins offer benefits including faster transactions, cross-border payments, greater transparency, and reduced reliance on centralized intermediaries. However, challenges such as price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, cybersecurity risks, limited merchant acceptance, and low consumer awareness continue to hinder widespread adoption. Using a conceptual research framework, the study analyzes factors such as perceived usefulness, security, trust, ease of use, financial benefits, and regulatory support. The findings indicate that cryptocurrency adoption is gradually shifting from speculative investment toward practical applications, including digital payments, cross-border settlements, loyalty programs, and decentralized financial services. Stablecoins and blockchain-based payment solutions show greater potential for retail finance due to their stability and usability. The study concludes that successful cryptocurrency integration requires a balance between innovation, security, regulatory compliance, and consumer trust, while improved regulations and financial education are essential for sustainable adoption.

Giampaolo Bella, Domenico Cantone, Cristiano Longo, Marianna Nicolosi Asmundo · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Ting Cai, Zicong Hong, Shuo Liu, Wuhui Chen · 6 authors

Social data produced from widely emerged social media activities are expected to promote information dissemination and engagement, or even make business intelligence more powerful. However, the recent increase in social media incidents of illegal surveillance and data breaches raises questions about the current data ownership model, in which centralized applications collect and control large amounts of user data. In this paper, we present SocialChain, which is a decentralized social data storage and sharing system based on blockchain that decouples user data and social applications to return data ownership to the user. We adopt Personal Data Store to extend off-chain storage for the social data, set up an identity establishment mechanism that can support WebID-based authentication functions using a unique identity assignment (i.e., WebID) as well as certificateless cryptography, and design a general framework that leverages smart contracts to help securely store and share social data in an automated manner. We develop a software prototype based on Ethereum and conduct case studies to test the effects of the adopted techniques on the performance. Experimental results show that SocialChain can provide easy-to-use interfaces while introducing relatively low latency, cost, and overhead and that it can support real-world social media applications.

Dan Lin, Jiajing Wu, Qi Yuan, Zibin Zheng

No abstract is available for this record.