Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
1,173 results · page 41 of 49
Nachiappan Subramanian, Atanu Chaudhuri, Yaşanur Kayıkçı
No abstract is available for this record.
Kimberlyn George, Panos N. Patatoukas
Blockchain, the technology behind digital currency, is a decentralized, distributed ledger that records transactions in digital assets. By authenticating and recording immutable transactions, decentralized blockchains perform the same function as many intermediaries in our society that establish trust and maintain integrity between transacting parties. Due to its natural relation to accounting and possible uses in accounting functions, business operations, and financial services, it is important that accountants learn about blockchain technology and its opportunities and limitations. This chapter explores applications of blockchain technology in finance, auditing, financial reporting, and supply chain. We first discuss the classification, characteristics, and issuance of cryptoassets and the evolving regulatory environment. Then, we address potential innovative uses of blockchain in auditing and financial reporting, keeping in mind the limitations of its application. Finally, we explore how blockchain technology can enhance communication and trust between organizations in a supply chain or in contracting relationships.
Valentin Carlan, François Coppens, Christa Sys, Thierry Vanelslander · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Denisolt Shakhbulatov, Jorge Medina, Ziqian Dong, Roberto Rojas‐Cessa
Providing transparency and trust among participants and stakeholders and ensuring an efficient operation are current supply chain challenges. These challenges are difficult to resolve because the records of supply chains may be exposed to alterations by participants. Blockchain technology has been identified as a promising solution to resolve these challenges. In this paper, we introduce blockchain and survey recent blockchain frameworks that address some of the supply chain challenges. We describe the components and operation of these blockchain frameworks. We identify the objectives and motivation in each of the surveyed use cases and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each adopted framework. We analyze how the reported blockchain frameworks address different supply chain challenges. We present a comparative summary of existing literature on blockchain for supply chain. We also summarize the properties of a blockchain framework for its successful adoption in future supply chains and discuss several remaining challenges and opportunities.
Samya Dhaiouir, Saïd Assar
No abstract is available for this record.
Luh Putu Mahyuni, Richard Adrian, Gede Sri Darma, Ngakan Nyoman Kutha Krisnawijaya · 6 authors
This paper aims at reviewing and systematically mapping research on blockchain potentials in improving supply chain performance. Articles were retrieved from several prominent databases, selected, reviewed, grouped into several themes and synthesized. This paper suggests that applying blockchain in the supply chain could improve its performance in terms of transparency, traceability, sustainability, trust, and cost-efficiency. As a cutting-edge technology, blockchain has not been widely implemented in supply chain industries. Research on blockchain application in the supply chain is also relatively limited. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive map of research on blockchain potentials in improving supply chain performance. The findings of this study will also be beneficial for managers who seek for a comprehensive understanding of how blockchain technology affects their companies particularly in supply chain management.
Dnyaneshwar Jivanrao Ghode, Rakesh Jain, Gunjan Soni, Sarjana Singh · 5 authors
Precise information flow in a supply chain (SC) improves profitability. Distorted information in SC results in coordination and transaction issues that diminish trust between SC partners. The prime objective of the present study is to enhance transparency in SC for both suppliers and consumers and boost legitimate coordination within the SC network using Blockchain Technology (BT). BT is a tool having an open-source, decentralized, and distributed database for storing transaction information. It allows two parties to perform direct transactions using their distributed ledgers without the interference of a centralized third party to achieving more transparent transactions than traditional systems. Consequently, the architecture of BT in SC has been developed based on factors identified from the literature review that leads to offering tracking and monitoring of entire SC. Subsequently, the blockchain architecture has been tested considering transactions between manufacturer, distributor, retailer, and customer to accomplish real-time transparency. Accordingly, it has been observed that transaction errors have been minimized, transparency has been improved in SC of the manufacturing industry using BT. Moreover, this paper provides a productive relationship between BT and SC management.
Changli Lu, Zhao Ming, Imran Ahmad Khan, Peerapong Uthansakul
Cap-and-trade regulation provides incentives for manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions, but manufacturers’ insufficient capital can disrupt the implementation of low-carbon emission reduction technologies. To alleviate capital constraints, manufacturers can adopt external financing for low-carbon emission reduction investments. This paper studies the independent financing and financing cooperation behavior in a supply chain in which the manufacturer and retailer first implement low-carbon emission reduction technologies and then organize production and sales in accordance with wholesale price contracts. Through comparing the optimal profits and low-carbon emission reduction levels under the independent financing and financing cooperation mode, we come to the following conclusions: (1) Although financing interest increases the cost of the supply chain, manufacturers prefer to invest in reducing carbon emissions rather than buying carbon quotas. (2) When financing independently, a decentralized decision-making mode (MD) is the best choice for manufacturers. (3) In cooperative financing, when the supply chain adopts a decentralized decision-making mode (SD) in which the retailer determines the financing cost-sharing ratio according to their optimal profit, the profits of the supply chain and its members are significantly improved. (4) When manufacturers and retailers adopt a centralized decision-making model (SC) in cooperative financing, they jointly determine the financing cost-sharing ratio and the level of low-carbon emission reduction. If the financing cost-sharing ratio meets a certain threshold range, the profits of manufacturers and retailers achieve Pareto improvement, indicating that this cooperative financing model is effective.
Xiaole Chen, Vernon Ning Hsu, Guoming Lai, Yang Li
No abstract is available for this record.
Nikhil Vadgama, Paolo Tasca
In this research, the evolution of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in supply chains has been mapped from the inception of the technology until June 2020, utilising primarily public data sources. Two hundred seventy-one blockchain projects operating in the supply chain have been analysed on parameters such as their inception dates, types of blockchain, stages reached, sectors applied to and type of organisation that founded the project. We confirm generally understood trends in the blockchain market with the creation of projects following the general hype and funding levels in the industry. We observe most activity in the Agriculture/Grocery sector and the Freight/Logistics sector. We see the shift of market interest from primarily private companies (startups) to public companies and consortia and the change in blockchain adoption from Ethereum to Hyperledger. Finally, we observe higher success and lower failure rates for Hyperledger-based projects in comparison to Ethereum-based projects.
Quentin Betti, Benoît Montreuil, Raphaël Khoury, Sylvain Hallé
No abstract is available for this record.
Fabian Dietrich, Ali Emre Turgut, Daniel Palm, Louis Louw
No abstract is available for this record.
Wout Hofman
No abstract is available for this record.
Kose John, Thomas J Rivera, Fahad Saleh
Abstract We develop an economic model to compare equilibrium security of Proof-of-Work (PoW) versus Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchains. We derive general conditions to determine when PoW blockchains are more secure than otherwise equivalent PoS blockchains and vice versa. Applying real-world parameter values to these conditions, we demonstrate that PoS blockchains are more secure than otherwise equivalent PoW blockchains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PoS’s security advantage over PoW is particularly salient for high-scale blockchains.
Garud Iyengar, Fahad Saleh, Jay Sethuraman, Wenjun Wang
We construct an economic framework for understanding the incentives of the participants of a permissioned blockchain for supply chains and other related industries. Our study aims to determine whether adoption of blockchain is socially beneficial and whether such adoption arises in equilibrium. We find that blockchain reduces information asymmetry for consumers, thereby enhancing consumer welfare. Consumer welfare gains can be sufficiently large that blockchain adoption is socially beneficial; nonetheless, we find that blockchain adoption does not arise in equilibrium. This situation arises because blockchain adoption costs are borne by manufacturers, and manufacturers cannot extract consumer gains through prices due to the competitive nature of the manufacturing sector. We offer a system of transfers to generate blockchain adoption in equilibrium when it is socially beneficial. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This research was partially supported by a seed grant from the Columbia–IBM Center for Blockchain and Data Transparency. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4532 .
Daniele De Wrachien
Technological infrastructures based on distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) like blockchain technology (BCT) are new digital technologies combining peer-to peer networking and cryptography to create immutable public ledgers characterized by decentralization, collective maintenance, consensus trust and reliable data. DLT, today considered as an interdisciplinary topic, is expected to transform current economic organization and governance, and can be considered one of the evolutionary next steps for agriculture, particularly for current state-of-the-art of precision agriculture.
Giovanni Mirabelli, Vittorio Solina
Blockchain is today one of the most interesting and debated research topics. Blockchain technology was implemented for the first time in the financial sector a few years ago. However, it is currently used in many other areas, such as: healthcare, smart cities, smart contracts, energy markets, government sector. The success of this technology mainly lies in the following properties: reliability, transparency, immutability. In this study, we collect and analyze the main contributions in the literature about the application of blockchain in the agricultural sector, focusing on food traceability issues. Considering the quick growth of this technology and the high number of published documents in recent months, there is a need to catalog the different methodologies, proposed by the various scholars. Our aim is to detect the current research trends and possible future challenges. In the agricultural context, the need for an adequate traceability system is motivated by several bad habits and problems, such as the wide use of pesticides and fertilizers in fruits and vegetables, which are extremely harmful for human health. Moreover, in the last few years, the consumers’ attention about the quality of agricultural products has considerably increased. The present study shows that the blockchain technology is still in its early stage. Although there are several proposals in the literature, still a limited number of applications have been put into use in the real context. From the point of view of scientific research, only some countries are investing in this technology: China and United States are among the most active, but Italy is also very involved in this phenomenon. Overall, the blockchain technology appears very promising, but still many efforts are needed to reach the maturation stage.
Liyuan Liu, Meng Han, Yiyun Zhou, Reza M. Parizi · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Zhiping Lin, Di Xu, Ruixia Shi, Gangshu Cai
No abstract is available for this record.
Peter Gonczol, Panagiota Katsikouli, Lasse Herskind, Nicola Dragoni
Since Bitcoin's debut in 2008, blockchain, the technology behind the cryptocurrency, has been gaining increasing scientific and industrial interest. Due to the technology's innate distributed and immutable features, the adoption of blockchains on supply chains is one of the most promising recent applications. In this survey, we review academic researches and implementations of distributed ledgers on supply chains. We present the current state of research on the subject and summarize the benefits and the challenges of the distributed organization and management of supply chains. Focusing on industrial practices and use cases, we discuss the technical characteristics and maturity of the various industrial projects. Our goal is to assess the applicability of blockchains in the supply chain domain and to provide a foundation for practitioners and researchers to direct their future projects towards improving the technology and its applications.
Ilhaam A. Omar, Raja Jayaraman, Khaled Salah, Mazin Debe · 5 authors
Supply chain networks have grown in complexity and size due to increased globalization leading to a variety of challenges and opportunities for improvement. Optimizing inventory levels and adjusting replenishment policies have significant effects on the operational performance and profitability of supply chains. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a mutually beneficial arrangement between supplier and buyer, where the supplier is responsible for making inventory and replenishment decisions based on buyers' inventory status. Potential benefits of VMI include reducing inventories, enabling information sharing, eliminating safety stock, and reducing purchasing related costs across the supply chain. In today's supply chains, VMI operations face critical challenges related to data integrity, transparency, traceability, and single point of failure due to its centralized architecture. Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger that ensures a transparent, safe, and secure exchange of data among supply chain stakeholders. The advantages of adopting blockchain technology for VMI operations in a supply chain include decentralized control, security, traceability, and auditable time-stamped transactions. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based approach using smart contracts to transform VMI supply chain operations. We propose a generic framework using Ethereum smart contracts and decentralized storage systems to automate the processes and information exchange and detailed algorithms that capture the interactions among supply chain stakeholders. The smart contract code was developed and tested in Remix environment. We present cost and security analysis incurred by the stakeholders in the supply chain. Adopting a blockchain-based solution to VMI operations in supply chains is economically viable and provides a streamlined, secure, trusted, and transparent mode of communication among various stakeholders.
Gregory Epiphaniou, Mirko Bottarelli, Haider Al‐Khateeb, Nikolaos Ersotelos · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Shuchih E. Chang, YiChian Chen
This study aims to explore the current status, potential applications, and future directions of blockchain technology in supply chain management. A literature survey, along with an analytical review, of blockchain-based supply chain research was conducted to better understand the trajectory of related research and shed light on the benefits, issues, and challenges in the blockchain-supply-chain paradigm. A selected corpus comprising 106 review articles was analyzed to provide an overview of the use of blockchain and smart contracts in supply chain management. The diverse industrial applications of these technologies in various sectors have increasingly received attention by researchers, engineers, and practitioners. Four major issues: traceability and transparency, stakeholder involvement and collaboration, supply chain integration and digitalization, and common frameworks on blockchain-based platforms, are critical for future orientation. Traditional supply chain activities involve several intermediaries, trust, and performance issues. The potential of blockchain can be leveraged to disrupt supply chain operations for better performance, distributed governance, and process automation. This study contributes to the comprehension of blockchain applications in supply chain management and provides a blueprint for these applications from the perspective of literature analysis. Future efforts regarding technical adoption/diffusion, block-supply chain integration, and their social impacts were highlighted to enrich the research scope.
Affaf Shahid, Ahmad Almogren, Nadeem Javaid, Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani · 6 authors
Supply chains are evolving into automated and highly complex networks and are becoming an important source of potential benefits in the modern world. At the same time, consumers are now more interested in food product quality. However, it is challenging to track the provenance of data and maintain its traceability throughout the supply chain network. The traditional supply chains are centralized and they depend on a third party for trading. These centralized systems lack transparency, accountability and auditability. In our proposed solution, we have presented a complete solution for blockchain-based Agriculture and Food (Agri-Food) supply chain. It leverages the key features of blockchain and smart contracts, deployed over ethereum blockchain network. Although blockchain provides immutability of data and records in the network, it still fails to solve some major problems in supply chain management like credibility of the involved entities, accountability of the trading process and traceability of the products. Therefore, there is a need of a reliable system that ensures traceability, trust and delivery mechanism in Agri-Food supply chain. In the proposed system, all transactions are written to blockchain which ultimately uploads the data to Interplanetary File Storage System (IPFS). The storage system returns a hash of the data which is stored on blockchain and ensures efficient, secure and reliable solution. Our system provides smart contracts along with their algorithms to show interaction of entities in the system. Furthermore, simulations and evaluation of smart contracts along with the security and vulnerability analyses are also presented in this work.