This project presents a blockchain-powered banking application that enables users to create and manage decentralized accounts (DApp accounts) using Ethereum smart contracts. The application facilitates secure user registration, fund deposits, and peer-to-peer transfers through Solidity-based contracts deployed on the Ethereum network. The addUsers function stores user details, while bankAccount manages transactions securely on the blockchain. Python’s Web3 API is used to interact with these smart contracts, enabling seamless operations such as account creation, deposits, and fund transfers. A Django-based web server provides an intuitive interface for users to register, log in, view balances, and conduct transactions. By leveraging blockchain technology, the system ensures decentralized, transparent, and secure banking operations, eliminating intermediaries to reduce transaction costs and processing times. Users can transfer funds directly between accounts without reliance on traditional financial institutions, minimizing risks associated with centralized banking. This application demonstrates the potential of blockchain in revolutionizing financial systems, empowering users with enhanced security, financial autonomy, and efficient transaction management. Keywords: Peer-to-Peer Transactions, Blockchain, Ethereum, Smart Contracts, Web3 API, Decentralized Banking, Solidity, Django.
The prevalence of counterfeit medicines poses a significant threat to public health and safety, largely due to the opaque nature of traditional medicine supply chains. This research introduces a blockchain-based solution designed to bring transparency, traceability, and enhanced security to the medicine distribution process. The proposed system records every transaction in the supply chain, thereby preventing tampering and ensuring the authenticity of pharmaceutical products. Smart contracts are utilized to automate the verification and transfer of products between stakeholders such as manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. A decentralized application (DApp) was developed using React to facilitate user interaction, while the backend was implemented using the Truffle framework and connected to a local Ethereum blockchain via Ganache and Web3.js. The system supports real-time tracking of medicines and reduces dependency on intermediaries, which not only improves operational efficiency but also enhances the overall integrity of the supply chain. This blockchain-based approach represents a significant advancement over conventional methods by offering a transparent, tamper-resistant, and verifiable solution for medicine supply chain management. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Drug Counterfeiting, Supply Chain, Product Traceability, Security.
Henrique Lin, João Santos, Tiago Dias, Miguel Correia
The real estate sector plays a vital role in today's economy and society. However, the current system for managing real estate transactions remains heavily reliant on manual document handling and verification processes, which are often inefficient and vulnerable to fraud, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. This position paper proposes a system that integrates Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Verifiable Credentials (VCs) to automate document extraction, verification, and management within real estate transactions. Key goals include (1) a comprehensive workflow to transform diverse document formats into standardized VCs and (2) an automated data matching mechanism to identify inconsistencies and potential fraud indicators. The approach involves using the potential of blockchain and Web3 technologies as a decentralized trust layer to improve data integrity and transparency. This solution holds significant promise for streamlining real estate processes, fostering trust among stakeholders, and establishing a scalable framework for secure and efficient digital transactions.
This paper investigates the impact of cross-chain deployment on the market performance of decentralized applications (Dapps) within the evolving multichain Web3 ecosystem. While cross-chain Dapps benefit from broader user reach, improved scalability, and enhanced resilience, they also face significant challenges, including technical complexities, security risks, and fragmented liquidity. This paper analyses how Dapps' transaction distribution across multiple blockchains influences their market performance. Preliminary findings reveal that Dapps operating on multiple chains tend to underperform in terms of market capitalization, token price, and transaction volume compared to those concentrated on a single or few chains. These results highlight critical concerns about the effectiveness of cross-chain strategies.
This paper introduces Web3DB, a decentralized relational database management system (RDBMS) designed to align with the principles of Web 3.0, addressing critical shortcomings of traditional centralized DBMS, such as data privacy, security vulnerabilities, and single points of failure. Several similar systems have been proposed, but they are not compatible with the legacy systems based on RDBMS. Motivated by the necessity for enhanced data sovereignty and the decentralization of data control, Web3DB leverages blockchain technology for fine-grained access control and utilizes decentralized data storage. This system leverages a novel, modular architecture that contributes to enhanced flexibility, scalability, and user-centric functionality. Central to the Web3DB innovation is its decentralized query execution, which uses cryptographic sortition and blockchain verification to ensure secure and fair query processing across network nodes. The motivation for integrating relational databases within decentralized DBMS primarily stems from the need to combine the robustness and ease of use of relational database structures with the benefits of decentralization. This paper outlines the architecture of Web3DB, its practical implementation, and the system's ability to support SQL-like operations on relational data, manage multi-tenancy, and facilitate open data sharing, setting new standards for decentralized databases in the Web 3.0 era.
Cheick Tidiane Bâ, Benjamin A. Steer, Matteo Zignani, Richard G. Clegg
Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies have garnered considerable attention over the past 15 years. The term Web3 (sometimes Web 3.0) has been coined to define a possible direction for the web based on the use of decentralisation via blockchain. Cryptocurrencies are characterised by high market volatility and susceptibility to substantial crashes, issues that require temporal analysis methodologies able to tackle the high temporal resolution, heterogeneity, and scale of blockchain data. While existing research attempts to analyse crash events, fundamental questions persist regarding the optimal timescale for analysis, differentiation between long-term and short-term trends, and the identification and characterisation of shock events within these decentralised systems. This article addresses these issues by examining cryptocurrencies traded on the Ethereum blockchain, with a spotlight on the crash of the stablecoin TerraUSD (UST) and the currency LUNA designed to stabilise it. Utilising complex network analysis and a multi-layer temporal graph allows the study of the correlations between the layers representing the currencies and system evolution across diverse timescales. The investigation sheds light on the strong interconnections among stablecoins pre-crash and the significant post-crash transformations. We identify anomalous signals before, during, and after the collapse, emphasising their impact on graph structure metrics and user movement across layers. This article is novel in its use of temporal, cross-chain graph analysis to explore a cryptocurrency collapse. It emphasises the importance of temporal analysis for studies on web-derived data. In addition, the methodology shows how graph-based analysis can enhance traditional econometric results. Overall, this research carries implications beyond its field, for example, for regulatory agencies aiming to safeguard users could use multi-layer temporal graphs as part of their suite of analysis tools.
Advances in digital technology - particularly Web3’s pseudonymity and decentralized naming systems, combined with information flows’ anonymity, accessibility, and cross-border nature - enable terrorist organizations to recruit members and perpetrate discrete socially dangerous acts. Conventional reactive counterterrorism measures prove inadequate against rapid illicit content dissemination that leaves detectable digital traces. This study explores artificial intelligence’s (AI) counter-criminal potential on machine learning and predictive analytics for proactively identifying and preventing terrorist activity through behavioral indicators and digital footprints that facilitate a strategic shift to proactive security paradigms. The research develops a multimodal analytical framework integrating natural language processing, computer vision, audio analysis, and social network analysis, detailing the complete machine learning pipeline from data preprocessing to model deployment. It examines the “RED-Alert” system as practical implementation and proposes a novel “Threshold Adaptive Intervention” (PORA) module utilizing graph neural networks and time-series analysis for digital risk assessment. Machine learning excels at threat detection and digital evidence generating, necessitating reevaluation of internet service providers’ (ISP) liability - particularly collective digital inaction. A differentiated liability framework accounts for providers’ technical influence while treating AI-derived risk indicators as ancillary tools for establishing individual culpability. Machine learning and predictive analytics enable a strategic shift to proactive counterterrorism.
Open access
Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Purpose Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are reshaping art markets and gaining strong stakeholder interest. While research has examined their applications in art ecosystems, their role in advancing Web3D markets remains unclear. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the impact of NFTs on the Web3D market and its impact on stakeholders, analysing 89 systematically selected articles. Findings The results of the study show that NFTs in the Web3D context can enhance privacy and trust through blockchain technology and protect intellectual property and ownership rights while influencing market dynamics, behaviour and investment strategies. Originality/value As the Web3D ecosystem grows, ongoing research and collaboration are critical to developing strategies that ensure sustainability, transparency and innovation in digital arts. This study is the first step in exploring these dynamics. Highlights
This paper examines the hesitancy of Australian musicians towards embracing the music non-fungible token (NFT) as a commodity. Drawing on the concepts of cultural autonomy and the digital disruptive sublime, the study argues that the overtly economic nature of NFTs challenges the ideology of creative independence in the hegemonic ‘indie’ music scene. Through interviews with nine Australian musicians who participated in our project, the research finds a cautious curiosity towards the technology, with technical barriers and a perceived cultural disconnect between the NFT ‘community’ and traditional music scenes contributing to hesitation. The paper concludes that attempts to engineer disruption in the music industry through web3/blockchain technology have thus far failed to attract sustained interest from musicians, as the cultural norms and practices associated with NFTs do not align with the values of the existing indie music ecosystem. The findings highlight the difficulties in planning and engineering cultural change within the music industry.
This paper presents a project aims to develop a decentralized, blockchain-powered online multiplayer card game designed to enhance transparency, security, and fairness in gameplay. By leveraging smart contracts and distributed ledger technology, the game ensures truthful interactions between players, eliminating intermediaries and providing verifiable outcomes. Each in-game action such as card transactions, player interactions, and match results is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring immutability and transparency. Players retain full ownership of their in-game assets, represented as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), allowing them to trade, sell, or utilize their assets across various platforms. The project integrates Web3 technologies to deliver a seamless user experience while blending traditional card game mechanics with decentralized gaming principles, ultimately creating a secure, engaging, and player-driven multiplayer environment.
Sang-Hyeon Park, Jeonghyuk Lee, Seunghwa Lee, Jung Hyun Chun · 8 authors
Merging Internet (web2) identities with blockchain (web3) identities is increasingly important for enhancing user experience and ensuring regulatory compliance. However, conventional solutions that map web2 identities to web3 accounts often lead to privacy concerns and fragmented identifiers across networks. To address these challenges, we propose a new identity scheme named Address Abstraction (AA), which redefines blockchain address and signing systems while preserving key properties: uniqueness, immutability, and privacy-preservation. This approach eliminates the limitations of chain-specific identity systems, enabling users to interact with multiple blockchains using their web2 certificates and unified identifiers. This chain-agnostic identifier also promotes cross-chain compatibility. We further present Zero-Knowledge Address Abstraction (zkAA), an implementation of AA that uses zero-knowledge proofs to uphold AA's core properties. Additionally, a proof aggregation technique combines multiple proofs into one, achieving approximately 5.5 times gas cost savings during verification in real-world scenarios. As of August 2024, zkAA with proof aggregation incurs an additional cost of only $0.66 per transaction on Ethereum.
Mother of all Bitcoins and cryptocurrencies but why haven’t we seen the latent potency this technology could bring to the world in this era. Blockchain is THE revolutionary change which is going to predominantly realign every facet of business and technology. Beginning from storage of data till public voting, a blockchain can drastically transform day to day activities even to a laymen. It is predicted at least 10% of global GDP (Gross Domestic Product) will be stored on a blockchain. Technically briefing, this is not just turning to be an aid to organizations and society but it is employing into a comprehensive replacement of the whole extensive process. Industry 4.0, Web3.0, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, Smart Contracts are latest modernizations going to dictate the world very soon.
Lack of historical and cultural knowledge often leads to reduced tourist satisfaction, a gap that existing tourism services have yet to bridge. In response, we developed NFTrip, a Web3 application that integrates NFTs and gamification to enhance tourism learning and satisfaction. Users earn destination-specific NFTs by completing history and culture quizzes, fostering deeper engagement with tourist sites. Additionally, NFTrip lowers barriers to Web3 adoption by providing an intuitive, beginner-friendly interface with clear technical explanations, helping users not only acquire NFTs but also understand their value and security. Initial evaluations suggest that NFTrip effectively promotes learning about tourist destinations, improves tourist satisfaction, and highlights a novel value proposition for NFTs in the tourism industry by making their utility and importance more comprehensible to users.
S Sudhip, Pratyush Sthapit, S. Maheshwari, Samarjit Sahu · 5 authors
Abstract: In today's fast-paced world, tracking personnel has become a necessity for various organizations, especially in industries such as Police Department, and security. The use of Near Field Communication (NFC) devices has emerged as a promising technology for tracking personnel. This paper presents a study on the feasibility and benefits of tracking personnel using NFC devices. Our study is based on NFC (Near Field Communication) which is A wireless communication technology that allows two devices to Exchange data when they are brought into proximity. NFC when used in reader/writer mode NFC device can read From NFC transponders or NFC writer. NFC when used in peerTo-peer mode NFC can be used to exchange information Between two NFC enabled devices and in card emulation mode NFC device can be used with Contactless Card for various Purposes like paying money or exchanging information Security of NFC device can be ensured by various means of Encryption and now we have new web3 technology.
The intersection of sports and technology has never been more prominent than it is now. While the influence of technology on sports, as it relates to equipment design and advanced materials development, athlete performance, and interaction with the media through up-close cams and mics and even live athlete telemetry is well-advanced in its evolution and well-studied, blockchain technology has emerged over the last few years as potentially highly disruptive. It would be fair to say though that its full potential is not yet well understood by the sector. Blockchain technologies, which are fundamentally a new technical architecture for the internet, are a relatively recent and somewhat-hyped innovation that at first glance would seem to have little obvious disruptive effect on sports. For example, blockchains do not advance equipment engineering, athletic performance, or gameplay, or offer any obvious advantage to hosting and watching sports. But blockchains and web3 technologies are poised to revolutionise the business of sports by fundamentally disrupting the underlying economic ‘primitives’ of sports, these being the trusted agreements and commercial and social arrangements between players, fans, and the professional and amateur bodies that govern sports at their different levels.
This chapter reflects on the professionalisation of competitive electronic gaming both in traditional formats and within the immersive, fully digital realm of the Metaverse, and explores where and how blockchain technology underpins the Metaverse’s infrastructure, enabling new forms of identity, governance, incentives, and digital economies. Esports and multiplayer gaming platforms are blending Web3 tools with their traditional Web2 frameworks to create dynamic economies where digital assets like in-game currencies, avatar customisations, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) can be created, traded, and monetised. These developments are reshaping esports into highly immersive, interactive experiences where players influence gameplay innovations and fans engage through digital ownership and interaction. By incorporating blockchain, tokenomics, and institutional reform, the Metaverse and esports can foster robust and equitable digital economies. These advancements promise enhanced professionalism, secure marketplaces, and innovative fan engagement, setting the stage for a transformative era in competitive gaming.
Abstract The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology is transforming the creative economy by enabling secure, transparent, and decentralized innovation in digital content creation, intellectual property management, and monetization. Traditional creative industries are often constrained by centralized platforms, opaque copyright enforcement, and unfair revenue distribution, which limit the autonomy and financial benefits of creators. By leveraging blockchain’s immutable ledger, smart contracts, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), digital assets can be authenticated, tokenized, and securely traded, ensuring ownership verification and automated royalty distribution. Simultaneously, AI-driven tools such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), neural networks, and natural language processing (NLP) models facilitate content generation, curation, and adaptive recommendations, enhancing creative workflows and fostering new artistic possibilities. This research report explores the synergies between AI and blockchain in the decentralized creative economy, analyzing their impact on digital rights protection, NFT marketplaces, decentralized publishing, AI-assisted music composition, and smart licensing models. Furthermore, it examines regulatory challenges, ethical considerations, and scalability limitations that need to be addressed for mainstream adoption. By integrating AI-powered automation with blockchain’s decentralized infrastructure, this study outlines a sustainable roadmap for secure, fair, and transparent digital creativity in the Web3 era. Keywords AI-powered creativity, blockchain-based digital ownership, decentralized innovation, generative AI, smart contracts, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), digital content authentication, AI-driven content generation, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), intellectual property management, AI in art and music, Web3 creativity, tokenized digital assets, secure content monetization, ethical AI in blockchain, AI-assisted copyright protection, decentralized publishing, AI-powered music composition, blockchain scalability, AI for digital rights management.
Kode Lakshmi Durga Sindhujasri, Kaduputla Manogna, Sutrayeth Hari Yuktha Nanda, Baligiri Thandava Krishna · 5 authors
Abstract: Elections play a fundamental role in any democratic system, and ensuring their integrity is of utmost importance. Traditional voting methods, such as paper ballots and Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs), suffer from various limitations, including security vulnerabilities, vote tampering, low voter turnout, delays in result processing, and a lack of transparency. Digital voting solutions offer convenience but raise concerns regarding data security and susceptibility to cyber threats. Blockchain technology presents a promising solution to these challenges by providing a decentralized, transparent, and tamperproof framework for conducting elections. As a distributed ledger system, blockchain records transactions in an immutable and verifiable manner, ensuring the integrity of votes. Key features such as decentralization, cryptographic security, transparency, and anonymity make blockchain a robust choice for secure e-voting. In this paper, we propose and implement a blockchainbased e-voting system using Ethereum smart contracts and Web3.js. Our system enforces single-use voting credentials, preventing duplicate votes, and leverages gas fees to mitigate fraudulent voting attempts. Additionally, we develop a web-based application that demonstrates the practical implementation of blockchain voting, discussing its advantages, challenges, and limitations in real-world scenarios
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
AI agents integrated with Web3 offer autonomy and openness but raise security concerns as they interact with financial protocols and immutable smart contracts. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of AI agents within blockchain-based financial ecosystems when exposed to adversarial threats in real-world scenarios. We introduce the concept of context manipulation -- a comprehensive attack vector that exploits unprotected context surfaces, including input channels, memory modules, and external data feeds. It expands on traditional prompt injection and reveals a more stealthy and persistent threat: memory injection. Using ElizaOS, a representative decentralized AI agent framework for automated Web3 operations, we showcase that malicious injections into prompts or historical records can trigger unauthorized asset transfers and protocol violations which could be financially devastating in reality. To quantify these risks, we introduce CrAIBench, a Web3-focused benchmark covering 150+ realistic blockchain tasks. such as token transfers, trading, bridges, and cross-chain interactions, and 500+ attack test cases using context manipulation. Our evaluation results confirm that AI models are significantly more vulnerable to memory injection compared to prompt injection. Finally, we evaluate a comprehensive defense roadmap, finding that prompt-injection defenses and detectors only provide limited protection when stored context is corrupted, whereas fine-tuning-based defenses substantially reduce attack success rates while preserving performance on single-step tasks. These results underscore the urgent need for AI agents that are both secure and fiduciarily responsible in blockchain environments.
There has been considerable interest in the adoption of Web3 technologies in filmmaking, particularly for the perceived potential for such developments to address access to the industry, facilitate new funding models, and maximise audience and fan investment, financial or otherwise, in film productions. There has been less attention, however, on the possible role of these technologies in the preservation and conservation of film heritage, including the multiple contributions and stages of creativity towards a commercial film work. This chapter examines the potential application of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in the film space in bringing artefacts of film production to the public, through a particular focus on Quentin Tarantino’s proposed NFTs for his handwritten and annotated script development materials for Pulp Fiction (1994), and the subsequent dispute with Miramax. The Tarantino example provides insight into the nature of the film work, the relationship between artist and audience, and the motivation to contribute to the wider archive process. Drawing upon the work of Lefebvre as well as examples from visual art and cultural heritage, this chapter develops a theory of the NFT as non-object, and the investigates the stakes for NFTs in the history of film and property theory.
This paper proposes a solution for integrating private blockchain technology into enterprise ecosystems, addressing challenges like operational complexity and security. Private blockchains enable enterprises to utilize decentralized technology while maintaining control over data and participants. The approach leverages existing identity access management systems and secure key management to assign and manage blockchain identifiers for enterprise users. This integration allows authenticated access to blockchain applications within existing workflows, simplifying adoption, reducing manual onboarding, and ensuring compliance with enterprise security policies. By bridging these gaps, the solution makes private blockchain technology more accessible for enterprise-scale deployment.
This study examines the representation and evaluation of Web3 technology in the German music media from 2016 to 2022, focusing on its prevalence, framing, and acceptance in the context of the music sector. Utilizing framing theory and the Technology Acceptance Model, a quantitative content analysis was conducted on articles from various music magazines. The findings indicate a generally positive portrayal of Web3, with significant discussion peaks in 2019, 2021, and 2022. Notably, no coverage was found in music education magazines, suggesting a gap in Web3 engagement in pedagogy. Much of the coverage was in Musikwoche, highlighting Web3’s impact on business aspects like ticketing, copyright, and licensing. The overall positive depiction, juxtaposed with limited critical evaluation, points to the need for a more nuanced discourse. The study underscores implications for balanced media coverage, informed musician engagement with Web3, and the potential for incorporating this technology in music education. It highlights the importance for the music industry of capitalizing on Web3’s positive aspects while practising critical awareness, and it calls for further research to explore the depth of Web3’s influence in music.
What is the brain that it can understand science?What is science that it can understand the brain?These two basic questions (with homage to Warren McCulloch in the framing) have guided my career, aiming to understand the brain and an effort to understand science. This journey has taken me from academic lab work to clinical research oversight and government policy to the emerging health & science technology industry and back to academia. It has now led me to co-lead, along with Dr. Jennifer Lovejoy of the Institute of Systems Biology, this section of Frontiers in Systems Biology -Systems Concepts, Theory and Policy in Biology and Medicine. Our journal Chief Editor, Dr. Yoram Vodovotz, has laid out the overarching vision for this and the other sections (Vodovotz, 2021). This Grand Challenge is an effort to add another layer of detail to the portions of that broad scope contained in our Systems Concepts section (Lovejoy, 2024).Systems biology and systems medicine have roots going back to at least World War II, when biologists and physiologists were recruited into the war effort in the United States and Britain, trained in computational approaches, and joined with engineers and mathematicians to solve complex problems with communications, radar, anti-aircraft guns and more (Churchill, 1949). This alignment led to the foundation of the field of cybernetics and the related Macy Conferences in the U.S. postwar, while in Britain, "This coalescing of biological, engineering, and mathematics frameworks would continue to great effect a few years later as the Ratio Club," (Husbands, 2008). In the decades that followed, this robust milieu of ideas would foster the development of everything from general systems theory and information theory to artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science (Pickering, 2010). Despite this early alignment, it would be decades before systems biology and systems medicine arose as formal fields of inquiry (Green, 2017).Science has arguably been the most effective way of generating and validating new knowledge for the past few centuries. New technologies and computing approaches now provide us with novel tools to accelerate this process. While early work is being done to explore the use of these new tools for science, these have been limited in success to real-world application to detailed aspects of biology and medicine (McCoy, 2024). A comprehensive conceptual framework may be a more effective way to realize the value of technology in accelerating science. Modern science is not a simple holistic process, but an amalgam of processes and interests that have accumulated over centuries.By analyzing this system of science, we can better synthesize a new approach to using the array of emerging technologies now available. This will require us to revisit the current human and institutional processes that govern the creation of new scientific knowledge. A human and machine hybrid approach, aligned with a governance in the classic cybernetic style (i.e. control and communication in humans and machines), may allow us to optimize our scientific efforts and advance knowledge for the betterment of all of humanity.There has been much excitement about the potential of emerging technologies applied to science in recent yearsfrom AI to applications of blockchain technologies and web3 applied as decentralized science (DeSci) (Weidener, 2024). In these nascent efforts there has often been an oversimplification of science in order to capture technical requirements to automate or simulate biomedical research.Science is not done by a single person or organization. Science embodies the contribution of multiple individualswhose brains are themselves collections of dozens of subsystems (Kirby, 2024)processed through a series of refinement and testing. The results of these are moved through a longitudinal process of validation, contextual framing against prior accumulated knowledge, and consensus determination of evidence level and confidence in the results. Only then does this new knowledge contribute to the body of generalized knowledge we applied to the real world.Creating a new technology-accelerated knowledge system for biomedical science -what I'm calling here Scientia Machinamay be best approached through first articulating the conceptual and epistemological framework of the current system of biomedical science as it moves from data to information to evidence to knowledge and its application. Along the way it passes through layers of trust and is eventually captured in the artifacts of biomedical science we have come to rely on and expect. For applications of emerging technologysuch as the automated complex information processing of AI and the automated trust and governance of blockchainto be most beneficial to science, we should use them to systematically augment and accelerate these processes and creation of the artifacts of science while maintaining or improving the basic conceptual framework of biomedical knowledge discovery and implementation. Eventually parts of the current system may be sundowned leading to an even greater acceleration of science.This Scientia Machina framework starts with identifying key layers of trust in the biomedical bench to bedside process of evidence based medicine. Here I have proposed five layers of trust along with examples of their current artifacts and processes, plus potential approaches to augmenting these with technology and related adjustment to the current workflow (Figure 1).Data Layer -Data are collected in experimental and/or clinical context, often based on specific methodology. The principal investigator (PI) and team, along with the equipment and techniques used, are trusted to produce and capture explainable and reproducible data. This layer is only sometimes made transparent and rarely validated.Future of Data -Data are verifiable through trackable provenance and alignment with related metadata (e.g. demographics, treatment delivery details, device and equipment specifications, etc.). Data can be accessed for querying and algorithm training without moving, copying or exposing the data.Information Layer -Data are combined in datasets with contextual meta-data (e.g. demographics of research participants). The PI and team are trusted to compile, store and manage this data. It is increasingly becoming requested by funders and publishers to be made available. Some programs promote dataset sharing through centralized repositories or direct PI to PI contact.Future of Information -Data confidence fabrics allow sorting combined datasets based on confidence levels for each data point related to their associated metadata, with deployable programming to temporarily convert non-standard data into a calculable or trainable standard.Evidence Layer -Analysis of the datasets and testing hypotheses produces results that interpreted as findings. These are presented as novel assertion, backed by the data and methods, and put into the context of previously identified findings in the field in the form of a manuscript submitted for peerreview. The journal editors and peer-reviewers are trusted to confirm the assertions are supported by the evidence, fit (or convincingly contradict) previously established knowledge in the field.Future of Evidence -Swarm approach, i.e. networked, auditable crowd-sourcing, to peer review with a wider array of contributors with inputs weighted based on preset governance and continuous crowd feedback for nearer to real-time review with broader, multi-discipline input.Knowledge Layer -Combined sets of published articles are reviewed by a group of experts against certain criteria to answer specific questions about the state of evidence in the field as systematic reviews and meta-analyses to provide the most up-to-date knowledge in the specific area of focus.The groups of authors along with editors and peer-reviewers of those systematic reviews and metaanalyses are trusted to have executed and validated, respectively, a thorough and sound assessment of the evidence for the area in question to provide new knowledge.Future of Knowledge -Swarm approach (see above) to systematic review with network on demand request for new or updated reviews of existing evidence along with evidence threshold signals (i.e. sufficient new evidence in a particular areas prompts new or updated systematic review).Applied Knowledge Layer -Applications of knowledge can come in various forms, including pharmaceuticals, devices and procedures. The application of knowledge is periodically assessed for incorporation into clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and similar clinical guidance documents. The CPG group is trusted to have found and appropriately graded all of the available evidence and refined knowledge on a topic area to best inform clinicians how to address the area optimally.Future of Knowledge Application -Networked clinical practice guideline wiki (collaboratively edited living document) allowing for continuous, network refereed input and update of new knowledge.Each of these layers and their future states can be augmented, enhanced, accelerated and potentially replaced with appropriate applications of an array of automated processing and trust technologies. Additional administrative areas of biomedical research such as gap analysis, funding, regulatory review and more can be similarly improved.The call to action for this Grand Challenge is to: a) Consider the core elements of what we need to maintain and continue to elevate from our past and current successful biomedical research and knowledge translation effort, along with areas where those efforts have been flawed, corrupt or unsuccessful. b) Critique (and adjust or replace as needed) the Scientia Machina framework proposed here as the backbone for the layers of trust that are the core elements to be maintained as we continue to bring new technologies into biomedical research to accelerate and improve science. c) Capture and assess those current pilots to apply emerging technology -especially within AI (complex information processing) and DeSci (automated governance, auditing and/or incentivization) as umbrella categories for these effortsand place them in the context of a broader framework of what we are trying to achieve with biomedical research. d) Conceptualize gaps in our current efforts along with bridges from the current status quo to the desired future that may give us a better chance of success at transformational change to the systems of biomedical research and knowledge translation. e) Communicate all aspects of the above areas in appropriate venues of biology, medicine, technology and policy. This includes formal submissions of manuscript on any related topics to this journal section and its partnered sections as appropriate.This proposed conceptual framework is merely a jumping off point for broader consideration of how to maintain the core elements of the trust we have imbued in biomedical research as we continue to explore applications of emerging technology to improve its quality, manage its costs, and accelerate its contribution to the health and well-being of everyone. In the not so distant future, it is conceivable that we may be able to make all available relevant data on a topic or a patient accessible to any researcher to make AI-augmented and blockchain-audited hypothesis testing to provide near realtime, peer-validated contributions to evidence-based medicine. This could allow clinicians to query and access this near real-time evidence as part of compressing the 17 years it takes to go from bench to bedside by a factor of 10,000xgiving us new, actionable evidence-based precision medicine for patients in under a day. This future is within reach. Aligning behind a shared framework like Scientia Machina can bring it into our reality even faster. Better science. Cheaper research. Faster Miracles.STM is the sole author, having conceived, written, and edited this manuscript.