In the present paper, an extension of the Bitcoin (BTC) structure is introduced, with a proprietary and unique DLCC (Digital Learning Chain Structure) blockchain, through which an automated bursary payment system could be constituted, which has, until this day, never been implemented at universities. Thus, an alternative is offered to achieve a bursary payment system, operating in a fully automatic, periodically repeating manner, never requiring supervision. In the DLCC blockchain, specifically, in the Smart Contract, the terms of contract are kept, concerning the bursaries, terms agreed by both parties (students and universities alike). A great advantage of the DLCC system is that it is able to extract the required grades from the electronic grade book, thus supervising the students' progress throughout the semesters. Upon reaching the end of each semester, if the student qualifies, meeting the requirements, the system will transfer the required quantity of cryptocurrency from the university's account automatically to the student's account.
Filka Catur Windiastuti, MA Muh. Muinudinillah Basri
The existence of money makes buy and sell transactions easy from the barter system. However, the increase ofworld economic globalization has resulted in the increasing need for the speed, convenience and security of financial transactions. The emergence of cryptocurrency becomes the answer to the constraints faced by the current payment system which is very dependent on the third party as the trusted payment product publishing company to manage digital transactions. One of the cryptocurrency products is Inacoin which is created by Indonesian. However, the regulations in Indonesia concerning the use of cryptocurrency are still having many pros and cons. BI and OJK still do not allow to use cryptocurrency, while BAPPEBTI has legalized it to be traded. This research is a qualitative research which uses multimethod approach, namely the normative-empirical Islamic law approach. The concept of money in Islamic economics is different from the concept of money in conventional economics. In Islamic economics, the concept of money strongly states that money is money, money is not capital. Conversely, the concept of money in conventional economics is often interpreted back and forth, namely money is money and money is capital. The existence of Inacoin cannot be stated as money because there are unmet requirements and criteria. Besides, the use of Inacoin is more dominant as a commodity which is traded not as money. Inacoin buy and sell transaction is legal, but forbidden in Islam. It is because Inacoin has fulfilled the principles and requirements of al-Ṣarf, but it violates some of the elements which are prohibited in Islam such as maysir (gambling) and gharar (uncertainty). Therefore, it is feared that it will bring harms to users. Keywords : Inacoin, Cryptocurrency, Al-Ṣarf
Muneshwara M.S., Vallae Haritha, M Ann C Swetha, M. Thungamani
The innovation that has had the best effect on our ways of life in the course of the most recent decade is Blockchain. The key feature of blockchain is the secure storage of data in encrypted block chains that have a distributed database that processes a growing list of transactions. This makes the blockchain incredibly impervious to unapproved changes to put away information. In this paper, the study to get a brief idea about the platforms of blockchain and explore what exactly is Hyperledger Fabric and also understand the steps of working with Hyperledger fabric and Hyperledger Composer. While hyperledger composer is a set of tools, APIs for modeling, building and distributing a blockchain corporate network. The Hyperledger fabric is an implementation of the blockchain framework for developing solutions with a modular architecture. The composer runs on hyperledger fabric. It is a framework to accelerate the development of applications based on Hyperledger Fabric.To create a Simple Commodity Blockchain with Hyperledger Composer.
IMANOL GARCÍA PASTOR, Francisco Sánchez Fuente, José-Ramón Otegi-Olaso
Blockchain is a new technology that is disrupting every sector or process in where value is involved. It allows the collaboration of multiple parties in a safe and secure way, even if they don’t trust each other, without the need of a central entity. The problems that this technology addresses are fully aligned with the objectives of the Industry 4.0 in its different levels. The distributed ledger technology it uses can make the concept of machine collaboration real. In this environment, the machine tool manufacturers could play an important role using its advantages for designing smart, autonomous and adaptive collaborative machines. They can also leverage this technology at a business level, creating new opportunities and increasing their capability of offering a wider range of products and services. Keywords: Blockchain, Industry 4.0, distributed ledger, machine tool industry, SME.
Teknologi blockchain banyak diterapkan dalam dunia Pendidikan, memiliki keunggulan dengan sistem yang terdesentralisasi dan kriptografi yang kuat dapat membantu universitas dalam membangun infrastruktur dalam penyimpanan arsip berupa transkrip nilai, sertifikasi dan ijazah. Penerapan teknologi blockchain dalam dunia pendidikan antara lain adalah blockcert, e-Portfolio,danbook copyright. Blockcert adalah salah satu tool yang diciptakan MIT yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat, menerbitkan, dan memverifikasi sertifikat yang berbasis blockchain1. Berdasarkan ide yang diusung dari blockcert untuk membuat sertifikat yang dapat diverifikasi secara global dan tersimpan secara terdesentralisasi. Penulis mencoba mendesain e-transkrip yang berbasis blockchain yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung transparansi dan akuntablititas universitas dalam menerbitkan transkrip nilai dan ijazah.
Abstrak Abstrak Bitcoin adalah mata uang kripto yang dikembangkan pada tahun 2019 oleh seorang ahli kriptografi dengan nama samaran Satoshi Nakamoto, karena Bitcoin memiliki jumlah yang terbatas sebanyak 21juta koin yang sifatnya mirip seperti emas yang jumlahnya terbatas. Bitcoin menggunakan teknologi blokchain yang artinya berjalan tanpa terikat oleh 1 pihak atau tanpa berpusat di satu titik yang artinya blokchain bersifat desentralisasi dan terdistribusi ke berbagai klien yang terhubung ke jaringan peer to peer blokchain. Adapun manfaat yang bisa diambil dari transaksi yang menggunakan Bitcoin, selain dari segi praktis dalam penggunaan juga kecepatan dalam bertransaksi, biaya transfer rendah sehingga membuat para pengguna dan komonitas Bitcoin itu sendiri memilih Bitcoin sebagai alat transaksi mereka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Artificial Neural network (ANN) dengan model topologi Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). Dari 7,4 tahun data close price Bitcoin dengan struktur ANN terbaik 9-10-1 (7 variabel input, 1 hidden layer dengan 10 neuron dan 1 output) menghasilkan nilai root means square error (RMSE) 2350,0515. Kata kunci : Bitcoin, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). Abstract Bitcoin is a crypto currency that was developed in 2019 by a cryptographer with a pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, because Bitcoin has a limited number of 21 million coins that are similar in appearance to a limited amount of gold. Bitcoin uses blockchain technology, which means it runs without being bound by 1 party or without centering on one point, which means the block is decentralized and distributed to various clients connected to the peer to peer network block chain. As for the benefits that can be taken from transactions that use Bitcoin, in addition to the practical aspects of the use of speed in transactions, the transfer fee is low so that the users and community of Bitcoin themselves choose Bitcoin as their transaction tool. The method used in this study is Artificial Neural network (ANN) with the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) topology model. From 7,4 years of data close price Bitcoin with the best ANN structure 9-10-1 (7 input variables, 1 hidden layer with 10 neurons and 1 output) produces a root means square error (RMSE) 2350,0515. Keywords: Bitcoin, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN).
The complexity of supply chains increase, especially due to the geographical spread of supplier and customer networks. In the connected and automated supply chains of the industry 4.0, even more nodes are incorporated in supply chains. This paper discusses the possible improvement of process quality in the industry 4.0 through the different blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. We derived hypotheses from a literature review and asked German blockchain experts from the industry to validate and discuss the hypotheses. We find that the different blockchain technologies and consensus algorithms have different strength with regard to quality improvement. One central finding is that IOTA, developed especially for the IoT and deemed the 'next evolutionary step' is scalable and hence may increases the process efficiency, but at the same time is more vulnerable than other blockchain implementations, which again may reduce the overall process quality.
V M Harshini, Shreevani Danai, H R Usha, Manjunath R Kounte
The world is moving towards progress, to achieve the desired progress, the world should have a healthy population and health records are the projections of an individual's health over time. The centralised approach of maintaining the health records lead to data breaches. According to 2017 Ponemon Cost of Data Breach Study, the cost of the data breach for healthcare organizations estimated to be $380 per record. According to 2016 Breach Barometer Report, 27,314,647 patient records were affected. So we moved towards institution-driven approach of record maintenance, which didn't make much difference with the previously existing one. Since the patient have no control over the data, the chances of data being misused is high. So we need a patient-centered approach which is completely decentralised, which can identify data thefts, prevent data manipulation, and patient has the right in access control. Blockchain Technology serves as a best solution to address all the problems and fulfill the needs. Blockchain being a decentralised and distributed ledger it can also impact on billing, record sharing, medical research, identify thefts and financial data crimes in days to come. Implementation of smart contracts in health care can simplify things even better. Where invoking, record creation and validation will be done on Blockchain. This paper highlights on the patient-driven model of record maintenance using Blockchain technology where smart contracts can be incorporated in future days making it more potential in data exchange. Finding its huge scope, hoping that more researches will be carried out and practically implemented.
Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are two technologies which are pioneer nowadays and in the future. IoT become pioneer because our goverment sets Industrial Revolution 4.0 which signifies the IoT technology. For blockchain, it is a technology which has a significant development. These two technologies have a good future. The innovation in this design is combining these two technologies. IoT has a problem in securitization, but blockchain has an advantage in security. So, by combining these technologies, the problem could be resolved. This design used microcontroller ESP32. It will collect three data sets, i.e. altitude, pressure and temperature. The data will be sent through Internet to Ethereum blockchain network in Ropsten TestNet. The Data will store in state variables. Twenty data have been sent and tested. The data has been verified to be stored in Ethereum Virtual Machine because the data could be verified through etherscan.io. So, the conclusion is this design could prove that blockchain could be used to data securitization in IoT. Internet of Things (IoT) dan blockchain merupakan dua teknologi yang akan menjadi pioneer saat ini dan di masa mendatang. Pioneer saat ini karena pemerintah menetapkan Revolusi Industri 4.0 yang salah satu titik beratnya adalah IoT. Untuk blockchain, saat ini merupakan teknologi yang mengalami perkembangan signifikan. Kedua teknologi ini menjanjikan. Salah satu hal yang dapat menjadi inovasi adalah menggabungkan keduanya. IoT memiliki permasalahan pada sekuriti, sedangkan blockchain memiliki keunggulan dalam hal sekuriti. Dengan demikian, menggunakan teknologi blockchain untuk aplikasi IoT akan menjadi solusi. Alat yang dirancang menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32. Alat ini akan mengakuisis data dari tiga buah sensor, yaitu sensor ketinggian, tekanan dan suhu. Data-data ini dikirim melalui Internet ke jaringan blockchain Ethereum di TestNet Ropsten. Data tersebut akan disimpan di state variables. Dua puluh data dikirim dan berhasil disimpan di Ethereum Virtual Machine. Ini terbukti dengan setiap data yang dikirim dapat divalidasi dan terekam di etherscan.io. Dengan demikian, perancangan alat ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa IoT dapat menggunakan blockchain untuk sekuritisasi data.
Q Fadlan, Mohammad Achmad Amin Soetomo, Bagus Mahawan
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has reliability in terms of maintaining data integrity and availability but not data privacy. Therefore, implementation of this particular unregulated technology must be reviewed to ensure compliance with relevant regulations, especially data privacy regulations which is this research main topic. For this reason, implementation of blockchain was observed in comparison with existing data privacy regulations in Indonesia. As initiation steps of research, data privacy regulations from Indonesia, Japan and Europe was used to be the input for the analysis of blockchain implementation. Two additionalinstruments, questionnaire and interview was used to produce an enhanced design for implementation of blockchain scheme in Indonesia. After the research was done, it was concluded that there is a possibility of blockchain implementation in Indonesia as long as the design was used with some notes as consideration.
Cristina Elena Turcu, Cornel Turcu, Iuliana Chiuchisan
The proposed paper presents a literature review regarding the status of integrating the dynamic blockchain technology in the educational field. Blockchain is a relatively new technology and the same is its implementation in education. The emerging need in this area of research, which still is in its infancy, is justified by the possible use cases; some of these cases are in piloting phase, while others have already been adopted by educational institutions. This paper focuses on extending knowledge about blockchain and on identifying the benefits, risks and the associated challenges regarding the successful implementation of blockchain-based solutions in the field of education, fully in line with standards and guidelines for quality assurance.
Cryptocurrency di indonesia sudah mulai berkembang serta mulai banyak digunakan oleh pelaku bisnis di indonesia. Hal inimenjadifenomenadalammemandangperlutidaknyaperlakuan akuntansi untuk transaksi cryptocurency. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali dan menguji crypto currency dan teknologi block chain dengan pendekatan dan tinjauan PSAK di Indonesia danfokus pada perlakuanakuntansi untuk cryptocurrency di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian tentang akuntansi untuk crytocurrencyberdasarkan PSAK yang berlaku di indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan model literatur review untuk mengetahui akuntansi untuk cryptocurrency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belum adanya perlakuan akuntansi untuk transaksi cryptocurrency apakah diperlakukan sebagai kas, aset, atau persediaan.
 Cryptocurrency in Indonesia has begun to develop and is starting to be widely used by business people in Indonesia. This is a phenomenon in view of the need for accounting treatment for cryptocurency transactions. This research attempts to explore and test cryptocurrency and blockchain technology with the approach and review of PSAK in Indonesia and focus on the accounting treatment for cryptocurrency in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to conduct a study of accounting for crytocurrency based on the applicable PSAK in Indonesia. This study uses a review literature model to find out accounting for cryptocurrency. The results of the study indicate that there is no accounting treatment for cryptocurrency transactions whether treated as cash, assets, or inventory.
Major sectors are employing the use of blockchain technology to enhance their day-to-day operations. Educational services is one such sector with the government of Singapore developing a large-scale blockchain certificate verification system to improve the education sector. This project will further boost the adoption of blockchain technology in the education space with the development of a peer review decentralised application. This application will be developed with the decentralised, transparent and secure nature of the Ethereum blockchain as the foundation. This peer review decentralised application will allow an administrator to start peer review sessions. The administrator creates teams and assigns peers to their respective teams in the peer review session. The administrator can then start the peer review session where peers use typed evaluations or use a rating system to evaluate/review their fellow peers. Reviews made are final and cannot be modified. This project aims to produce a peer review system that is transparent and immutable which is the key to tackling the problems of fake reviews plaguing traditional scholarly peer reviews, and at the same time providing the security and confidentiality features for student peer evaluation processes.
Li Zhongzhen, Gao Chaoyue, Min Liu, Chengqin Dai · 5 authors
Student status management is a key part in university information construction and an important basis for talents certification. The emergence of blockchain technology provides a new way to improve the student status management system. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology in nature, with its decentralized and nontamperable features, the security and authenticity of student information can be ensured. Based on the application of blockchain technology such as smart contracts in "Smart Campuses", this paper proposes and designs a decentralized student status management systim. With Fabric framework, we developed a prototype of student status management system its demonstraiton.
We propose that blockchain technology complemented by secure computation methods can foster implementation of a learning healthcare system (LHCS) by minimizing upfront patient-facing compromises with unsurpassed data security and privacy, and by optimizing the system’s fulfillment of its obligations to respect patients through transparency, engagement, and accountability. We demonstrate how a blockchain-enabled LHCS could foster patient willingness to contribute to learning by providing desired security and control over health data. In addition, secure computation methods could enable meta-analysis without exposing individual-level data, thus allowing the system to protect patients’ privacy while simultaneously learning from their data. The transparency and immutability of blockchain ledgers would also support the public’s trust in the system by allowing patients to audit and oversee which of their data are used, how they are used, and by whom. Furthermore, blockchain communities are community-governed peer-to-peer networks in which sharing builds mutually beneficial value, offering a model for engaging patients as LHCS stakeholders. Smart contracts could be used to ensure accountability of the system by embedding feedback mechanisms by which patients directly and automatically realize benefits of sharing their data.
Blockchain has received increased attention from both the academic and practitioner worlds. Numerous papers have been written on how blockchain works and its potential applications. However, few studies have focused on fraudulent activities on blockchain. The purpose of this study is to understand common issues and scams related to blockchain. A literature review was conducted to identify top security issues on blockchain. In addition, we collected tweets on blockchain fraud discussion from November 6, 2018 to December 31, 2008. The results of tweets analysis show that the most frequently mentioned words in tweets include scams, crypto/cryptocurrency, ICO, Bitcoin, Ethereum, combat/fight, Asia, Japan, and Germany. The top mentioned sentiment words include scam, combat, guilty, prevent, solution, tired, and fake. In addition, a sentiment analysis shows that the majority of the tweets (69%) on the discussion on blockchain fraud are negative. The findings also shows the majority of top influencers of the topic are the companies that have developed blockchain-based platforms/applications.
With the appearance of Bitcoin, the blockchain technology behind it has attracted attention from banks, companies, and entrepreneurs from different fields. Many new blockchain technology related projects and companies are started in financial service and others , such as data storage, supply chain, internet of things (IoT) and copyright protection as the valuable features including decentralization, transparency, security, and immutability. The work of blockchain technology can be used to reduce the costs associated with making decision and improve the efficiency of implementation by means of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) which are the products of decentralization management. This paper is to analyze the pros and cons of decentralization management based on blockchain technology with an empirical study of blockchain projects and companies in different industries for a better understanding of decentralization management, and find better ways of decentralization management in blockchain projects and managing decentralized autonomous organizations.
Blockchain applications have expanded its influence beyond the field of cryptocurrencies into many other different areas of focus. Many industries have incorporated Blockchain technology into their business model to take advantage of the benefits of having a decentralised, immutable and transparent application. Though many people have heard of the term "Blockchain", there are still a handful of people uncertain of how Blockchain technology functions. Learning institution is identified as one of the leading areas where integration of beginner and intermediate Blockchain courses into the school curriculum have started. Hence, this report examines the different alternatives for interactive learning opportunities using Blockchain technology to educate the students on extensive Blockchain information. It will assists individuals to discover the fundamentals understanding of Blockchain information and develop their interest in it. The application, Cryptochain is developed in this project, which targets to enhance the learning of Blockchain information through the use of better visualization and interactive in class. This in return will reduce the time required for students to understand the fundamentals and provide the educator with additional time to focus on the more intermediate or advanced topics.
Abstract The use of blockchain technology has increased tremendously over the last decade. Blockchain continues to evolve and new features and capabilities are developed continuously. Although the use of the technology started in cryptocurrency (specifically, Bitcoin), it has expanded to other areas that can benefit from a shared, secure, ledger. This article investigates the potential impact of blockchain technology on the accounting profession. This article analyzes data security and privacy considerations, technology, adoption, and implementation considerations, and some considerations that relate specifically to accounting and auditing. We find that the unique needs of an accounting information system may not be a good match for blockchain as it currently exists. While we explain that blockchain may deliver many benefits, particularly in the areas of data reliability and the financial statement audit, we identify several factors, which raise significant questions about whether blockchain will ever be significantly integrated in the accounting function. Chief among those concerns is the scalability of the technology at an acceptable cost. While significant investment has and will be made for further development of blockchain business applications, it is our assessment that proponents of blockchain integration in accounting have not yet made the economic case for it. We also have significant concerns about whether blockchain technology can adequately address risks associated with data security and privacy. Addressing all these issues will be a minimum requirement for gaining widespread acceptance by firms and their accountants.
Historically, the means of payment has evolved from time to time. The current phenomenon is Bitcoin, claimed by its users as a means of future payments, that have been the major attention of many people, from people in business to students. The research question in this study was how the existence of Bitcoin as a medium of exchange is, and how its existence as a medium of exchange is viewed based on the maqāṣid al-syar 'īyah. This used the literature research method and the maqāṣidī approach by applying the tarjih maslahat method. The existence of Bitcoin as a medium of exchange is considered valid because of the 'urf recognition. However, it requires a legal status from the government because it is related to al-maslahat al-mmāmmah, the mafsadat (damage) value of Bitcoin is higher than its maslahat (benefit) value. Hence, it is concluded that Bitcoin is valid as a medium of exchange. Still, its use must be limited due to the mafsadat (harm) probability that is more dominant at the ḍarūriyyāt (primary needs) level, following the principle of "rejecting the harm is prioritized than realizing the benefit."
 Abstrak: Berdasarkan sejarah, alat pembayaran dari masa ke masa telah mengalami evolusi, pada saat ini terdapat sebuah fenomena yaitu fenomena Bitcoin yang diklaim oleh para penggunanya sebagai alat pembayaran masa depan yang telah banyak menyita perhatian orang mulai dari kalangan pengusaha hingga mahasiswa. Bitcoin memiliki beberapa kelebihan jika dibandingkan dengan alat pembayaran yang biasa digunakan, di antaranya yaitu sifatnya yang desentralisasi sehingga tidak ada pengendali pusat yang akan ikut campur di dalamnya. Sedangkan pada kebiasaannya, alat pembayaran di suatu wilayah berada di bawah pengawasan pemerintah karena alat pembayaran tergolong kepada kebutuhan primer yang menyangkut kesejahteraan umum. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana eksistensi Bitcoin sebagai alat tukar dan bagaimana keberadaan Bitcoin sebagai alat tukar berdasarkan maqāṣid al-syar‘īyah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan pendekatan maqāṣidī dengan menerapkan metode tarjih maslahat. Keberadaan Bitoin sebagai alat tukar dianggap sah karena terdapat pengakuan secara ‘urf. Akan tetapi status sah tersebut perlu mendapatkan pengesahan pemerintah karena terkait dengan al- maslahat al-‘āmmah, nilai mafsadat pada Bitcoin lebih dominan jika dibandingkan dengan nilai maslahatnya. Dari paparan di atas disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan Bitcoin sah sebagai alat tukar, namun penggunaannya merupakan sesuatu yang harus dibatasi karena probabilitas mafsadatnya lebih dominan yang berada pada tingkat ḍarūriyyāt.. Hal ini sesuai dengan kaidah “menolak mafsadat di dahulukan dari pada mewujudkan maslahat.”
 Keyword: Eksistensi, Bitcoin, Maqāṣid al-Syar‘īyah.
Table of Contents Hello world in blockchain Building a Bitcoin Payment System Building Your Own Cryptocurrency Peer-to-Peer Auctions in Ethereum Tontine Game with Truffle and Drizzle Blockchain-Based Futures System Blockchains in Business Creating an ICO Distributed Storage IPFS and Swarm Supply Chain on Hyperledger Letter of Credit Hyperledger