Blockchain technology can be used to solve many educational problems and can help educators as well as learners to monitor the learning outcomes. The data can be stored securely and tamper proof format when it's stored onto the blockchain network. The Blockchain for Education platform helps us to make the tamper-proof certificates and their correct and the overall permanent allocation of these certificates to learners, as well as verification of certificates. It can reduce the overall frauds and tampering of the degrees and certificates. Here smart contracts can be designed and deployed on to the Ethereum blockchain that can be designed using the solidity programming language. Blockchain can be applied to private, public and consortium sectors depending upon the usage and the scope of the blockchain. Education system can take benefit of this scalability of the blockchain and can be effectively useful in the
While Ethereum run in public networks which make the blockchain size large and transaction run time longer than time for private or national network, that led to continuous worries over the expanding size of Ethereum Blockchain, which certainly reduce Cryptocurrency's effectiveness. The estimations were on increase and believed it would cross the node limit of 1 TB terribly shortly. If new consumer a full node enters to that blockchain and cryptocurrency world, a node is a computer software cum database of the blockchain, which a full node client must download on their personal computers to become a full node in the blockchain. in this way, the client can be verifying transaction on the network with the help of other nodes on the system. We proposed to implement national cryptocurrency which developed using Ethereum as a development platform that could serve national or regional people that has limited or slow internet connections like Iraq, in addition payments in countries with unstable fiat currencies, although cryptocurrencies are suffering from unstable exchange rates against fiat currencies, the use of national cryptocurrency instead of the native fiat cash could even be a far better alternative for individuals in certain countries like Iraq, Iran and Syria, with high rate of inflation. The reminder of this paper is arranging as following: an introduction, the advantages and drawbacks of cryptocurrencies, Background on Blockchain and Ethereum, implementation, results and conclusion.
Kesuksesan Bitcoin sebagai cryptocurrency, mendorong munculnya banyak cryptocurrency lain yang disebut sebagai altcoin. Sebagai pelopor cryptocurrency, volatilitas yang terjadi pada harga Bitcoin memiliki kemungkinan untuk memiliki efek menular (spillover) terhadap volatilitas harga altcoin. Begitu pula sebaliknya, harga altcoin yang terus menguat pun turut menciptakan kemungkinan bagi harga altcoin untuk memengaruhi harga Bitcoin. Sedangkan, sampel yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling adalah Bitcoin dan altcoin Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, dan EOS, karena memiliki kapitalisasi pasar paling tinggi berdasarkan website Cryptocurrency Market Capitalizations. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series berupa data harian harga penutupan Bitcoin dan altcoin Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, dan EOS yang diambil dari website Cryptocurrency Market Capitalizations. Kemudian, untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan uji Augmented Dickey-Fuller, uji GARCH dan uji Granger Causality.
Hasil analisis menggunakan GARCH menunjukan bahwa terjadi volatility spillover antara Bitcoin dengan Ethereum serta Bitcoin dengan Bitcoin Cash. Lalu, uji Granger Causality menunjukan hasil bahwa volatility spillover yang terjadi antara Bitcoin dan Ethereum adalah hubungan kausalitas satu arah (tunggal) dari Bitcoin ke Ethereum. Sedangkan, pada Bitcoin dan Bitcoin Cash terjadi hubungan kausalitas dua arah (bilateral).
Purpose The innovation of cryptography technique and blockchain has made cryptocurrency an alternative medium of exchange due to its safety, transparency and cost effectiveness. But its main feature cannot be separated from the users who use cryptocurrency for their illegal transactions. There are several arguments related to the legality of cryptocurrency. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the nature of cryptocurrency based on characteristics of money, legal perspective, economic perspective and Sharia perspective. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the methodology used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The object of this research is cryptocurrency. The data are secondary data obtained from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers review, working paper and Sharia consultant reports addressing the legality of cryptocurrency. The literature review analysis includes the following steps: material collection, descriptive analysis, discussion with people in Sharia competency and intuitive-subjective material evaluation. Findings Regarding the characteristic of money, cryptocurrency is acceptable. But in terms of the legal perspectives, cryptocurrency does not meet the criteria as currency. From the economic perspective, cryptocurrency does not fully meet the characteristic currency due to high price volatility, and from the Sharia perspective, cryptocurrency can be considered property (mal) but not as a monetary value (thamanniyah). Research limitations/implications The research findings are based on the journal articles, working paper and Sharia consultant report, and it may lack Sharia’s opinion. Any further discussion related to Sharia perspectives will be a great input to enrich the study. Practical implications This study also includes the implications related to the opportunities and the risks of cryptocurrency that can be discussed for the development of the cryptocurrency in the future. Social implications This study includes the implication cryptocurrency is using as nature of money and not as speculative instrument. Originality/value This study argued the legality of cryptocurrency in four perspectives such as the nature of money, legal, economy and Sharia perspective.
Ku Ruhana Ku‐Mahamud, Mazni Omar, Nur Azzah Abu Bakar, Ishola Dada Muraina
Blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are attracting increasing attention from consumers, investors, investment industry and regulators. Cryptocurrency has great potential to be used for transaction or investment in the future. However, level of awareness of the blockchain technology and cryptocurrency is still at infant stage, specifically in developing countries. Thus, this study aims to investigate the level of awareness, trust and adoption of blockchain technology among blockchain community in Malaysia. Quantitative approach was adopted in this study where a new questionnaire was developed in the first phase to measure the level of awareness, adoption, and trust of blockchain technology applications among Malaysian blockchain communities. The resulting questionnaire consists of items on respondents’ demographic, their awareness, trust, and adoption of FinTech particularly on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. In the second phase, a pilot study was conducted to validated the new questionnaire from 304 respondents. Reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha with a value of 0.908. A real survey was also conducted in this phase using the validated queationnaire and data were obtained online from 304 respondents. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis during the third phase of the study, and results demonstrate that the awareness level of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are at the intermediate level. Nevertheless, the majority of respondents are confident and trust that the blockchain technology can offer a stable and secure platform, which gives positive impact on the application of the technology. Empirical results provide significant insights into the development of the blockchain technology industry in the country.
Blockchain has a good application prospect in the field of education and teaching. To promote the innovation of school education and teaching, this paper analyses the core technology and principle of blockchain, and puts forward its advantages of application in school teaching. Combining with educational practice, this paper explains the composition and function of the framework, core components, and application module in Blockchain Teaching Platform. This article also expounds the method of building Blockchain Teaching Platform, and puts forward some problems and thoughts of the blockchain application in school teaching. Generally speaking, it strives to carry out beneficial research and exploration in the deep integration of information technology and educational practice.
Abstrak Bitcoin dapat disebut juga sebagai emas digital. Hal ini karena Bitcoin dan Emas dianggap memiliki persamaan karakteristik. Persamaan karakteristik antara Emas dan Bitcoin adalah, nilainya yang berfluktuasi dan cenderung naik, jumlahnya yang sama-sama terbatas, membutuhkan biaya lebih dalam penambangannya, serta sama-sama tidak di kontrol oleh pemerintah menjadikan alasan mengapa Bitcoin disamakan dengan Emas, yang membedakan hanyalah Bitcoin bebentuk emas secara virtual sedangkan Emas berbentuk asset nyata (real). Persamaan antara Bitcoin dan Emas memungkinkan dua asset tersebut memiliki pengaruh atau efek menular (spillover) antara satu sama lain karena persamaan karakteristiknya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui volatilitas spillover antara Bitcoin dan Emas, serta arah pergerakan volatilitasnya. Hasil analisis menggunakan GARCH menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi volatility spillover antara Emas dan Bitcoin, begitu juga dengan uji Granger Causality menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan sebab akibat dari Emas ke Bitcoin. Sehingga, investor bisa mempertimbangkan untuk melakukan diversifikasi investasi pada dua instrumen tersebut baik Emas dan Bitcoin. Kata Kunci: volatility spillover, Bitcoin, Emas, GARCH, Granger Causality. Abstract Bitcoin can also be called digital gold. This is because Bitcoin and Gold are considered to have similar characteristics. The characteristic equation between Gold and Bitcoin is, its value fluctuates and tends to rise, the amount of which is equally limited, requires more costs in mining and is equally not controlled by the government making the reason why Bitcoin is equated with Gold, the only difference is Bitcoin forms gold is virtual while Gold is in the form of real assets. The equation between Bitcoin and Gold allows the two assets to have a spillover effect between each other because of their similarity in characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the spillover volatility between Bitcoin and Gold, and the direction of volatility. The results of the analysis using GARCH show that there is no volatility spillover between Gold and Bitcoin, as well as the Granger Causality test showing that there is no causal relationship from Gold to Bitcoin. Thus, investors can consider diversifying investments in these two instruments, both Gold and Bitcoin. Keywords: volatility spillover, Bitcoin, Gold, GARCH, Granger Causality.
Rohmat Taufiq, Agung Trisetyarso, Meyliana Meyliana, Raymond Kosala · 7 authors
In this study, we considered crypto-governance as a solution for critical problems in private university management: fraud avoidance diplomas, transcripts and diploma supplement. To avoid fraud, it can be done by blockchain technology by the use of University, Company, Traceability, Profit and Policy-making of crypto-governance. Crypto-governance is able to use IBM using hyperledger fabric protocol and private blockchain network. Muhammadiyah Tangerang University (UMT) saved the graduate documents storage manually by human resources. Moreover, it would be wasting time for many tasks, for example when staffs searched database, they would consume a lot of time and the graduate documents were vulnerable to damage in the disaster. Based on the problems above it would face the research questions; how did we keep the graduate documents storage secure and how it could be authentic guaranteed? Blockchain technology with distributed ledger and consensus is considered to overcome this problem. There were 5 steps taken in this research starting from discussing, literature review, analyzing, learning blockchain technology, creating system model and making a conclusion. The conclusions of this study were expected that the data of graduate students could find faster, easily and authentic guaranteed.
Abstrak Blockchain Technology merupakan sebuah Digital Ledger atau pembukuan digital dari transaksitransaksi virtual, dimana data transaksi tersebut tidak dapat dimodifikasi meskipun telah berpindah dari device ke device lainnya, dengan kata lain setiap data tidak mempunyai Central Authority atau kewenangan pusat untuk mengubah detil data-data tersebut. Setiap data pada teknologi Blockchain disebut Block, dimana setiap Block mengugnakan prinsipprinsip kriptografi untuk mengamankannya. Setiap terciptanya Block pada blockchain. Salah satu platform dari Blockchain ialah Ethereum. Ethereum merupakan platform Blockchain yang menggunakan Smart Contracts untuk dapat menciptakan suatu Block data transaksi. Smart Contract sendiri merupakan protocol yang memfasilitasi, memverifikasi dan mengeksekusi transaksi untuk dicatat ke kontrak yang nantinya dapat diubah ke potongan kode yang dapat disimpan di komputer. Ethereum Blockchain juga sudah dimanfaatkan sebagai model untuk aplikasi-aplikasi seperti yang mayoritas ialah aplikasi web, yang digunakan untuk distribusi data Decentralized, sistem Voting untuk pemilu, dan yang sedang dikembangkan Messenger app. Data-data yang saling berpindah didalam aplikasi-aplikasi yang menggunakan Blockchain sebagai model, tentunya berpindah dengan cara menunggangi transaksi ETH (Cryptocurrency). Setiap data yang berpindah mempunyai Batasan seperti parameter GasPrice, GasLimit, dan Difficulty untuk transaksi berisi data yang dikirim maupun diterima. Untuk menyimpan data ke Block dari Chain Ethereum membutuhkan mata uang digital Ethereum, yang harus dibeli dengan uang asli, untuk itu salah satu alternatif yang dapat diterapkan yaitu pembuatan server Blockchain Ethereum private, dimana setiap transaksi menggunakan mata uang digital Ethereum yang dapat dimodifikasi jumlah saldonya pada Ethereum Wallet ataupun file Genesis.json pada algoritma Ethereum dengan sesuka hati sehingga proses perpindahan data didalam transaksi dapat dilakukan dengan gratis. Kata Kunci : Blockchain, Ethereum, GasPrice, GasLimi, Difficulty, Cryptocurrency, Block Abstract Blockchain Technology is a Digital Ledger or digital bookkeeping of virtual transactions, where the transaction data cannot be modified even though it has moved from device to other device, in other words each data does not have a Central Authority or central authority to change the details of these data . Every data on Blockchain technology is called Block, where each Block uses cryptographic principles to secure it. Every Block is created on the blockchain. One of the platforms of the Blockchain is Ethereum. Ethereum is a Blockchain platform that uses Smart Contracts to be able to create a transaction data block. Smart Contract itself is a protocol that facilitates, verifies and executes transactions to be recorded into contracts that can later be converted to code snippets that can be stored on the computer. Ethereum Blockchain has also been used as a model for applications such as the majority are web applications, which are used for Decentralized data distribution, voting systems for elections, and those that are being developed by the Messenger app. Data that moves between one another in applications that use Blockchain as a model, of course, moves by riding an ETH (Cryptocurrency) transaction. Each moving data has limitations such as GasPrice, GasLimit, and Difficulty parameters for transactions containing sent or received data. To save data to Block from Chain Ethereum requires a digital currency Ethereum, which must be purchased with real money, for that one alternative that can be applied is the creation of a private Blockchain Ethereum server, where each transaction uses the digital currency Ethereum which can be modified Ethereum Wallet or Genesis.json file on the Ethereum algorithm with whatever you want so that the process of transferring data in transactions can be done for free. Key Word : Blockchain, Ethereum, GasPrice, GasLimi, Difficulty, Cryptocurrency, Block
Abstrak Kontrak tertulis mempunyai beberapa kelemahan yaitu kontrak dapat hilang dan rusak, tidak hemat biaya dan salah satu pihak bisa saja melakukan kecurangan. Solusi untuk itu adalah menggunakan smart contract Ethereum. Smart contract Ethereum merupakan protokol komputer yang berfungsi untuk memfasilitasi, memverifikasi, atau menegakakan negoisasi secara digital yang ditulis melalui kode program. Smart contract bekerja tanpa melalui pihak ketiga dan memiliki proses transaksi yang kredibel sehingga tidak bisa dilacak ataupun diubah. Namun teknologi Blockchain tidak cocok untuk menyimpan data dalam jumlah besar dan biaya mahal, maka penulis mengkombinasikan teknologi IPFS pada Ethereum Blockchain. Jadi pada Ethereum Blockchain hanya menyimpan hash file nya saja, kemudian hash file ini dapat dihubungkan dengan file pada IPFS untuk mengaksesnya. Pada penelitian ini dibangun sebuah sistem DApp (Decentralized applications) berbasis web yang menerapkan IPFS pada smart contract Ethereum serta menggunakan metode Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC). Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah pembahasan mengenai integritas data dan Qualitas of Service (QoS) komunikasi antar node IPFS pada smart contract Ethereum sebagai acuan untuk implementasi pada perusahaan. Dengan hasil implementasi tersebut diperoleh bahwa integritas data yang dimiliki oleh IPFS sangat baik dengan memenuhi aspek information security dan memiliki Quality of Service dengan nilai rata – rata throughput sebesar 56.40 Kbps, 65.80 Kbps, dan 66.31 Kbps, untuk nilai rata – rata packet loss sebesar 1.92%, 1.57% dan 0.85%, sedangkan untuk nilai rata – rata delay sebesar 24.78 ms, 25.87 ms dan 20.17 ms dengan nilai rata – rata indeks Quality of Service yaitu 3 yang memenuhi kategori memuaskan berdasarkan standar THIPON. Kata Kunci : Blockchain, Smart Contract, Ethereum, IPFS, Node, Integirtas Data, Quality of Service (QoS) Abstract A written contract has several weaknesses, the contract can be lost and damaged, it is not cost effective and one party can commit fraud. The solution for that is to use the smart contract Ethereum. Smart contract Ethereum is a computer protocol that functions to facilitate, verify, or enforce digital negotiations written through the program code. Smart contract works without going through a third party and has a credible transaction process so that it cannot be tracked or changed. But Blockchain technology is not suitable for storing large amounts of data and expensive costs, so the author combines IPFS technology on Ethereum Blockchain. So the Ethereum Blockchain only stores the hash of the file, then the hash of this file can be connected to the file on IPFS to access it. In this study a web-based DApp (Decentralized applications) system was built that implemented IPFS on the smart contract Ethereum and used the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method. The final result of this study is a discussion of data integrity and Quality of Service (QoS) communication between IPFS nodes on the smart contract Ethereum as a reference for implementation of the company. With the results of the implementation it was found that the data integrity possessed by IPFS was very good by fulfilling aspects of information security and having Quality of Service with average throughput values of 56.40 Kbps, 65.80 Kbps, and 66.31 Kbps, for average packet loss values of 1.92 %, 1.57% and 0.85%, while the average value of delay is 24.78 ms, 25.87 ms and 20.17 ms with the average value of the Quality of Service index which is 3 which satisfies the satisfying category based on THIPON standards. Key Word : Blockchain, Smart Contract, Ethereum, IPFS, Node, Data Integrity, Quality of Service (QoS).
The Blockchain for Education platform helps us to make the tamper-proof certificates and their correct and the overall permanent allocation of these certificates to learners, as well as verification of certificates. It can reduce the overall frauds and tampering of the degrees and certificates. Blockchain technology can be used to solve many educational problems and can help educators as well as learners to monitor the learning outcomes. The data can be stored securely and tamper proof format when it’s stored onto the blockchain network. Here smart contracts can be designed and deployed on to the Ethereum blockchain that can be designed using the solidity programming language. Blockchain can be applied to private, public and consortium sectors depending upon the usage and the scope of the blockchain. Education system can take benefit of this scalability of the blockchain and can be effectively useful in the educational institutions.
The increasing interest in blockchain since the end of 2017 has induced many attempts to apply it to public sector administration. Blockchains have been shown to improve the levels of economic efficiency, security and decentralization in administration. This exploratory study examines the determinants of blockchain administration and their priorities through an analytic-hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. The priority ranking of internal factors was security, economic efficiency, and decentralization. The introduction of blockchains in the evolution of the current e-government to the future of convergent governments will be generalized through trial, error, and learning processes. As experienced both in the knowledge and information society and in the e-government development process, reforming government administration is not solely a technical problem. The study results suggest that future blockchain administration in the public sector be used in the field of e-voting to encourage citizen participation in the process of agenda-setting, to enhance the level of security and transparency of taxation, and to increase the level of equity. Blockchain technology can also be used to improve efficiency in the provision of individually oriented social welfare services. Its adoption via administrative reform may reduce the level of corruption in personnel management, recruitment, and procurement in public sector organizations.
Blockchain is the Technology which allows assets to be transferred from one party to another simultaneously and without needing a third party, guaranteeing utmost security. In addition, it is a multiple global ledgers, shared by all people around the world, which enables them to do all kinds of transactions (Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology Technical Report, 2015) in real time and without falling prey to fraud or manipulation. Besides, it is the biggest data bases, accessible to all people (BigchainDB, 2016) and containing verified assets which can be safely exchanged. Blockchain will have a huge effect on deferent levels, it will change the way all people adopt to deal through decades and threat traditional intermediary parties, on the other side it faces many obstacles stumbling blocks to be fully operated in different fields. This paper try to address the mechanism of blockchain technology, and how it works in simple words, then determine the possible applications of blockchain, and how to make best use of this technology, and finally the threats and challenges of blockchain.
Agriculture is one of the most important and largest sectors in Indonesia and creates jobs for at least 38.7 million workers. Although the number of workers in agriculture is relatively high and the sector contributes 14% to Indonesian GDP, many challenges still remain hampering growth. One of the key issues is the limited data availability in the agriculture sector causing imperfect and incomplete information on agriculture products. Data can provide the information about the quality of the product to the consumer to create transparency between producer and consumer. In order to facilitate data access, a big data base is needed in which all stakeholders can access the near-time data. A technology that can help to support this database is called blockchain. Blockchain is an immutable, transparent, public and append-only ledger. It is a peer-to-peer network that can maintain updates and verifies those updates to the ledger in a way that it is impossible to alter the data. This paper discusses HARA, a use-case of blockchain implementation in the food and agriculture sector.
Harman Yusuf, Isti Surjandari, Annisa Marlin Masbar Rus
Blockchain has become one of important technologies because of its capabilities such as transparency and privacy. Many enterprises see these capabilities as a breakthrough to many cases, such as supply chain. This paper discusses a case of a vegetables supplier's problems in term of ledger. Generally, the company need one day to finish the ledger and sometimes there are some information distortion between supplier and client. This paper use hyperledger fabric to build blockchain network that is compatible with the supplier problems. The Blockchain network created with nine channels and crash fault tolerant by using kafka. This blockchain network is tested with two iterations which each iteration consists of 40 rounds and each round contains 3000 transactions. The first iteration throughput average is 27.9 tps with the highest throughput is in round 1 with a throughput of 34.1 tps and the lowest is in round 37 with a throughput of 25.3 tps. The second iteration throughput average is 28.1 tps with the highest throughput is in round 1 with a throughput of 32.8 tps and the lowest is in round 40 with a throughput of 21.3 tps. This performance indicates that multiple channel blockchain network could help the vegetables supplier to improve their ledger capabilities to be less than one day.
Syed Sayeed Ahmad, Shahzad Maqsood Khan, Mohammad Amjad Kamal
BACKGROUND: The promising eventual fate of blockchain in healthcare has a lot more extensive prospect. Blockchain is a novel structure that gives another design to storage and trade of data among different members of a particular network. In case of a hospital, blockchain takes into consideration the creation of a better treatment structure by the expert doctor in order to arrange the meeting based on the symptoms of patients throughout the world by the electronic system. Blockchain technology is crucial for biomedical and human services applications as social insurance has turned out to be a standout among the most essential rising application areas of the blockchain distributed ledger technology. RESULT: By and large, blockchain is treated as a conveyed record to store social insurance related information for allocation, trading, dissecting, footage, and affirming purposes among accomplices. The advantage of blockchain databases versus traditional dispersed databases is that they are decentralized, permanent, and perfected with advanced digital payment frameworks and hash chain occasion structure. The blockchain code is an unlocked resource and can be utilized, altered, and customized by its clients. CONCLUSION: Nowadays, blockchain is expected to be almost universally adopted across medical organizations around the world. The purpose of this review article is to comprehend the current explored subjects, difficulties, and future headings in regards to blockchain innovation from the specialized perspective in the health care system.
Leonando Ismanto, H Suwito Ar, Ahmad Nurul Fajar, Sfenrianto Sfenrianto · 5 authors
Abstract The progress of technology and information system force digitalization process such as e-commerce to emerge. In Indonesia, the utilization of e-commerce has flourished because it has many benefits and advantages to broaden the market and stay competitive. However, it is faced with many challenges such as fraud, commission fees, limited contact between buyer and seller and misuse of personal data. Blockchain implementation has the potential to solve this problem with increased security and transparency through the implementation of cryptocurrency in payment and smart contracts. This paper explores the usage of the blockchain, cryptocurrency and smart contract to e-commerce for a secure and efficient transaction in Indonesia. The result will be used to propose blockchain technology as e-commerce platform architecture and systems in Indonesia.
Cryptocurrency is a new sector from the advantages digital economy concept. This sector form purely commodity and neutral from political invention. Because of the neutrality it become dangerous and prohibited for many countries cause the affection with central bank and currency state Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Digital, Economy, Commodity, Political, State.
Smart grid adalah salah satu komponen dari smart city yang memperkenalkan komunikasi dua arah antara pelanggan dengan perusahaan penyedia listrik. Salah satu masalah yang dapat terjadi pada jaringan smart grid adalah data pelanggan yang jatuh ke pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab karena saluran transmisi yang tidak aman. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan blockchain dan kriptografi dapat diterapkan pada jaringan smart grid untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Blockchain memberikan keamanan tambahan untuk penyimpanan data pada pusat pengatur jaringan dan kriptografi memberikan kerahasiaan dan autentikasi pada pertukaran data dalam jaringan. Sistem yang baru diciptakan ini harus bisa menyesuaikan frekuensi pengambilan data pada jaringan smart grid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu komputasi yang dibutuhkan dari kedua proses tersebut dengan menyusun suatu simulasi jaringan smart grid. Simulasi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi MATLAB dan tersusun dari dua program utama, yaitu program kriptografi menggunakan algoritma RSA dan program pembuatan blockchain sederhana. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa rentang waktu komputasi RSA pada suatu jaringan smart grid lebih cepat dari frekuensi pengambilan data yang ditentukan, yaitu sebesar satu menit. Sementara itu, rentang waktu penyusunan blockchain dengan ketentuan tertentu tidak dapat memenuhi persyaratan yang sama.
Pada era ini pengaruh globalisasi sangat kuat, terlebih lagi dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Dunia sedang bergerak ke arah baru dan menuntut untuk diikuti perkembangannya tidak terkecuali dengan Indonesia. Sebagai negara berkembang Indonesia harus mampu untuk bisa mensejahterakan rakyatnya dan dapat membawa rakyatnya menuju ke arah yang baru.Fenomena perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi ini sudah menyebar ke berbagai aspek kehidupan, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi ini dianggap dapat mengawali perubahan tatanan kehidupan suatu masyarakat dalam berbagai aspek maka dari itu di tuntut adanya kecermatan dari pihak pemerintah maupun masyarakat untuk mengimbanginya. Perkembangan yang pesat ini pun turut merubah pola pikir masyarakat dalam berbagai bidang tidak terkecuali dalam bidang ekonomi. Dalam bidang ekonomi transaksi penjualan dan pembelian menjadi aspek yang sangat penting dalam perekonomian,karena perkembangan yang pesat ini dalam hal transaksi penjualan dan pembelian tidak harus penjual dan pembeli bertemu secara langsung tetapi sekarang melalui media dunia maya atau internet, kita bisa melakukan transaksi jual beli kapan pun dan di mana pun kita berada tanpa harus bertemu secara langsung, melihat trend perkembangan ini sebagian masyarakat tidak menggunakan uang konvensional seperti pada umumnya tetapi mulai beralih menggunakan digital currency yang dilindungi oleh kriptografi, diantara digital currency yang beredar yang paling terkenal adalah Bitcoin. Dalam perjalanan Bitcoin sendiri mengalami berbagai polemik dalam penggunaannya di dunia bahkan di Indonesia sendiri, karena di Indonesia sendiri Bitcoin belum diakui eksistensinya dan belum ada regulasi jelasnya. Bahkan dalam islam pun para ulama seputar Bitcoin ini masih menjadi perdebatan apakah Bitcoin ini dikatakan halal atau haram apabila di kaji dalam Al-Quran, hadits, ijma maupun sumber islami lainnya. In this era the influence of globalization was very strong, especially in the fields of science, technology, information and communication which experienced rapid development. The world is moving in a new direction and demands that its development be followed by Indonesia. As a developing country, Indonesia must be able to prosper its people and bring its people to a new direction. The phenomenon of the development of science, technology, information and communication has spread to various aspects of life, the development of science, technology, information and communication is considered able initiating changes in the order of life of a society in various aspects, therefore it is demanded carefulness from the government and the community to compensate. This rapid development also helped change the mindset of the people in various fields, including in the economic field. In the economic field, sales and purchase transactions are a very important aspect in the economy, because of this rapid development in terms of sales and purchase transactions that do not necessarily require sellers and buyers to meet directly, but now through cyber media or the internet, we can buy and sell transactions when and wherever we are without having to meet directly, seeing this development trend, some people do not use conventional money as in general, but begin to switch to using digital currency protected by cryptography, among the digital currency in circulation the most famous is Bitcoin. In the course of Bitcoin itself experienced various polemics in its use in the world even in Indonesia itself, because in its own existence Bitcoin has not yet recognized its existence and there is no clear regulation. Even in Islam, the scholars around Bitcoin are still debating whether Bitcoin is said to be halal or haram if it is reviewed in the Koran, hadith, ijma and other Islamic sources.
In economic development, transactions have become the routine of the people. Currently there are many transactions that are growing, one of which is Bitcoin. Bitcoin is one of the technologies of cryptocurreny which is then used. Bitcoin is a digital currency in the open source P2P payment network system. But the value of the Bitcoin body is not fixed, Bitcoin values often change over time. One of the causes of changing the value of Bitcoin is VGA. This role of VGA card to process Bitcoin encryption data because GPU (brain of VGA) has more core to process CPU, increase Bitcoin value and influence graphics card price. In this paper will rise the value of rising and falling value of Bitcoin which affects the price of the graphics card.Keyword: Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, VGA, GPUAbstrakDalam perkembangan ekonomi, transaksi sudah menjadi rutinitas masyarat. Saat ini sudah banyak jenis transaksi yang berkembang, salah satunya adalah Bitcoin. Bitcoin merupakan salah satu teknologi dari cryptocurreny yang sering digunakan. Bitcoin adalah mata uang digital yang berada di dalam system jaringan pembayaran open source P2P. Namun nilai dari suatu Bitcoin tidak tetap, nilai Bitcoin sering berubah seiring berjalannya waktu. Salah satu penyebab berubahnya nilai dari Bitcoin adalah VGA. Peran VGA card ini untuk memproses enkripsi data Bitcoin karena GPU (otak dari VGA) mempunyai core yang lebih banyak untuk memproses instruksi dalam satu waktu dibandingkan CPU, sehingga naiknya nilai Bitcoin juga mempengaruhi harga kartu grafis. Dalam paper ini akan mengevaluasi perbandingan naik dan turunnya nilai Bitcoin yang mempengaruhi harga kartu grafis.Kata Kunci: Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, VGA, GPU
Ali Alammary, Samah Alhazmi, Marwah Almasri, Saira Gillani
Recently, blockchain technology has gained considerable attention from researchers and practitioners. This is mainly due to its unique features including decentralization, security, reliability, and data integrity. Despite this growing interest, little is known about the current state of knowledge and practice regarding the use of blockchain technology in education. This article is a systematic review of research investigating blockchain-based educational applications. It focuses on three main themes: (1) educational applications that have been developed with blockchain technology, (2) benefits that blockchain technology could bring to education, and (3) challenges of adopting blockchain technology in education. A detailed results analysis of each theme was conducted as well as an intensive discussion based on the findings. This review also offers insight into other educational areas that could benefit from blockchain technology.
Muhammad Amir Husairi Che Rani, Ahmad Dahlan Salleh
Bitcoin is the most popular virtual currency in a virtual community. Appearing with various innovations that focus on transforming the worldwide monetary system, bitcoin is confronted with legitimacy constrain, absence of regulation and becomes a platform of legal violation. In general, this article will discuss on the mechanism of bitcoin operation as well as malaah (best interest) and mafsadah (harm) that exist in the bitcoin financial system in the actualization of the concept of if al-Ml (safeguarding properties). Moreover, this article also lists some views of Islamic scholar and fatwas related to the status of bitcoin according to Shariah and conduct analysis on the relevance of bitcoin usage as a medium of payment according to the perspective of siysah shar'iyyah. The outcome of this discussion explains the arguments, reasons and the laws of bitcoin usage as currency and means of payment according to Shariah.
Blockchain technology, and more specifically Bitcoin (one of its foremost applications), have been receiving increasing attention in the scientific community. The first publications with Bitcoin as a topic, can be traced back to 2012. In spite of this short time span, the production magnitude (1162 papers) makes it necessary to make a bibliometric study in order to observe research clusters, emerging topics, and leading scholars. Our paper is aimed at studying the scientific production only around bitcoin, excluding other blockchain applications. Thus, we restricted our search to papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, whose topic is "bitcoin". This database is suitable for such diverse disciplines such as economics, engineering, mathematics, and computer science. This bibliometric study draws the landscape of the current state and trends of Bitcoin-related research in different scientific disciplines.