In this paper, the distributed decentralized network with the nodes at any place can access the data behaviour intention performance is analysed and explained in detail. The bitcoin blockchain is elementary of several crypto-currencies. The blockchain technology holds principal assurance for a difference of enterprises, including financial services, cryptocurrency exchange, laundering of anti-money tracking system, unique identity security, healthcare, real estate, supply chain, and logistics monitoring. Results showed that blockchain is considerably new technology and the nodes are sharing their data in the network without any trust in other nodes. Furthermore, key aspects of using this technology, the users in the crypto world buy, sell, or exchange the crypto-coins in the blockchain network. Many of the protocols are there to exchange cryptocurrencies. The main contributions of this work liesbased on the protocol named uniswap protocol, which helps the users to exchange the crypto-coins. Uniswap protocol is defined to be the automated liquidity protocol provision on the blockchain Ethereum platform. With the uniswap, a user can buy or sell the ERC20 tokens in the decentralized distributed network by using an Ethereum smart contract. This paper will help the users in the blockchain network to useuniswap protocol as a trustworthy and efficient way of exchanging the crypto-coins or the tokens in the blockchain network.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain technologies have been applied in many areas, from economics, the internet of things to the industrial internet. In order to solve the issue that the Hyperledger Fabric does not currently support Chinese Commercial Cryptographic (CCC) algorithms, we extended the Blockchain Cryptographic Service Provider (BCCSP) module in the Hyperledger Fabric by upgrading the original BCCSP module to support the CCC algorithms SM2 and SM3. Furthermore, we designed a transaction process by using UBCCSP (Upgraded BCCSP), and a new smart contract also has been presented. After that, an improved consortium blockchain information system based on UBCCSP named UCBIS (Consortium Blockchain Information System based on UBCCSP) is proposed. In the Hyperledger Fabric transaction process, the identity information and transaction data are protected by the SM2 and SM3 algorithms, moreover, SM3 is also used in the construction process of smart contracts. Our smart contracts reduce the total data amount and improve query efficiency. Finally, the information query system based on UBCCSP is implemented. After being tested and analyzed, the average time for every query is only 31.162 ms in the blockchain system, which has better performance and higher query efficiency.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Decentralized anonymous payment (DAP) enables users to directly transfer cryptocurrencies privately without passing through a central authority. Anonymous cryptocurrencies have been proposed to improve the privacy degree of DAP systems, such as Zerocash and Monero. However, the strong degree of privacy may cause new regulatory concerns, i.e., the anonymity of transactions can be used for illegal activities, such as money laundering. In this paper, we propose a novel DAP scheme that supports regulatory compliance and enforcement. We first introduce regulators into the system, who define regulatory policies for anonymous payment, and the policies are enforced through commitments and non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs for compostable statements. By doing so, users can prove that transactions are valid and comply with regulations. A tracing mechanism is embedded in the scheme to allow regulators to recover the real identities of users when suspicious transactions are detected. The formal security model and proof are provided to demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve desired security properties, and the performance evaluation shows its high efficiency.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
S. Neelakandan, J. Rene Beulah, L. Prathiba, G. L. N. Murthy · 6 authors
At these times, internet of things (IoT) technologies have become ubiquitous in the healthcare sector. Because of the increasing needs of IoT, massive quantity of patient data is being gathered and is utilized for diagnostic purposes. The recent developments of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) models are commonly employed to accurately identify the diseases in real-time scenarios. Despite the benefits, security, energy constraining, insufficient training data are the major issues which need to be resolved in the IoT enabled medical field. To accomplish the security, blockchain technology is recently developed which is a decentralized architecture that is widely utilized. With this motivation, this paper introduces a new blockchain with DL enabled secure medical data transmission and diagnosis (BDL-SMDTD) model. The goal of the BDL-SMDTD model is to securely transmit the medical images and diagnose the disease with maximum detection rate. The BDL-SMDTD model incorporates different stages of operations such as image acquisition, encryption, blockchain, and diagnostic process. Primarily, moth flame optimization (MFO) with elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), called MFO-ECC technique is used for the image encryption process where the optimal keys of ECC are generated using MFO algorithm. Besides, blockchain technology is utilized to store the encrypted images. Then, the diagnostic process involves histogram-based segmentation, Inception with ResNet-v2-based feature extraction, and support vector machine (SVM)-based classification. The experimental performance of the presented BDL-SMDTD technique has been validated using benchmark medical images and the resultant values highlighted the improved performance of the BDL-SMDTD technique. The proposed BDL-SMDTD model accomplished maximum classification performance with sensitivity of 96.94%, specificity of 98.36%, and accuracy of 95.29%, whereas the feature extraction is performed based on ResNet-v2
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain provides new technologies and ideas for the construction of agricultural product traceability system (APTS). However, if data is stored, supervised, and distributed on a multiparty equal blockchain, it will face major security risks, such as data privacy leakage, unauthorized access, and trust issues. How to protect the privacy of shared data has become a key factor restricting the implementation of this technology. We propose a secure and trusted agricultural product traceability system (BCST-APTS), which is supported by blockchain and CP-ABE encryption technology. It can set access control policies through data attributes and encrypt data on the blockchain. This can not only ensure the confidentiality of the data stored in the blockchain, but also set flexible access control policies for the data. In addition, a whole-chain attribute management infrastructure has been constructed, which can provide personalized attribute encryption services. Furthermore, a reencryption scheme based on ciphertext-policy attribute encryption (RE-CP-ABE) is proposed, which can meet the needs of efficient supervision and sharing of ciphertext data. Finally, the system architecture of the BCST-APTS is designed to successfully solve the problems of mutual trust, privacy protection, fine-grained, and personalized access control between all parties.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Tanusree Sharma, Zhixuan Zhou, Yun Huang, Yan Wang
NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) are blockchain-based cryptographic tokens to represent ownership of unique content such as images, videos, or 3D objects. Despite NFTs' increasing popularity and skyrocketing trading prices, little is known about people's perceptions of and experiences with NFTs. In this work, we focus on NFT creators and present results of an exploratory qualitative study in which we interviewed 15 NFT creators from nine different countries. Our participants had nuanced feelings about NFTs and their communities. We found that most of our participants were enthusiastic about the underlying technologies and how they empower individuals to express their creativity and pursue new business models of content creation. Our participants also gave kudos to the NFT communities that have supported them to learn, collaborate, and grow in their NFT endeavors. However, these positivities were juxtaposed by their accounts of the many challenges that they encountered and thorny issues that the NFT ecosystem is grappling with around ownership of digital content, low-quality NFTs, scams, possible money laundering, and regulations. We discuss how the built-in properties (e.g., decentralization) of blockchains and NFTs might have contributed to some of these issues. We present design implications on how to improve the NFT ecosystem (e.g., making NFTs even more accessible to newcomers and the broader population).
Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Video streaming applications are rapidly proliferating, allowing users to browse, download, and share videos through platforms such as YouTube, Netflix, and Amazon. Media content providers are required to register copyrights on digital platforms. With the existence of blockchain technology, users can manage their data using a smart contract, which allows them to define access and search policies and use an instant payment system without a third party in a decentralized network. We propose a secure and reliable video sharing scheme based on blockchain, using cryptographic primitives to secure the information of streamers and viewers. The use of blockchain ensures reliability and prevents the manipulating or forging of multimedia content. A smart contract system is implemented to represent contractual actions once a given access condition is satisfied. Analysis of the scheme's security and performance demonstrates that it is reliable and efficient.
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Abstract To realize the encryption of document information, authority authentication, and traceability of historical records, we propose a trusted verification scheme (TVS) for office documents to ensure security. Specifically, the scheme is realized by timestamps, smart contracts (or chaincode), and other blockchain technologies. It is based on the features of blockchain, such as security, credibility, immutability, and traceability of network behavior. And the TVS stores users and documents information through blockchain; it can monitor the state changes of office documents in real time by setting the trigger conditions of smart contracts. The experiment indicates that we have realized the real-time monitoring of data and the traceability of historical records. Moreover, we have achieved the purpose of document encryption and authority authentication, ensuring the authenticity and objectivity of data, avoiding the illegal tampering of malicious users to realize the trusted verification for documents.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
A S M Touhidul Hasan, Shabnam Sabah, Rakib Ul Haque, Apubra Daria · 6 authors
Supply chain management (SCM) is essential for a company’s faster, efficient, and effective product life cycle. However, the current SCM systems are insufficient to provide product legitimacy, transaction privacy, and security. Therefore, this research proposes a secure SCM system for the authenticity of the products based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The IoT-enabled Quick Response (QR) scanner and the blockchain-integrated distributed system will allow all the SCM stakeholders to begin secure and private transactions for their products or services. Resulting, the consumer will receive an authentic and genuine product from the original producer. A lightweight asymmetric key encryption technique, i.e., elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain technology with on-chain smart contracts are applied for distributed IoT devices to make the authentication process faster and lighter. Each SCM stakeholder is registered by the service provider and receives corresponding public and private keys, which will be used for the authentication process of the participants and IoT devices. The authenticated QR scanner records all transactions on the blockchain. Consequently, there will be no human intervention for the SCM transactions. The security and scalability analysis demonstrates that the proposed system is more secure and robust than other state-of-the-art techniques.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
With the everyday use of big data technology, using big data resources effectively has become a key area of research. Media consumption creates enormous amounts of data in people’s digital lives. This data is not only very valuable to the company, but it also presents a number of concerns, including privacy breaches and data exploitation. Along with the continuous improvement of blockchain technology, the rational use of big data resources has become possible. Blockchain technology has expanded from the initial Bitcoin to the financial field and has become more widely used in the legal and media industries. This study catches the actual cases of blockchain technology in the media industry through Qingbo Big Data, analyzes the current global blockchain and media industry’s overall development status and the existing problems, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to accelerate the integration and development of blockchain and media industry in the context of big data. The results show that the technical features of blockchain can solve the painful problems of copyright risk, algorithmic black box, and weak trust mechanism in the media industry, and the combination of the two can form a new burst of media productivity. The article discusses the broad application prospects of blockchain in the media industry, which is essential for big data and blockchain research. This paper composes the pioneering literature on the blockchain, catches the information on blockchain by keywords, analyzes the application prospect of blockchain in the media industry, and promotes the research and application of blockchain technology.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Big Data Technologies and Applications
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
R. Bhaskaran, R. Karuppathal, M. Karthick, J. Vijayalakshmi · 6 authors
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0/5.0 offer several interconnections between machinery, equipment, processes, and personnel in diverse application areas namely logistics, supply chain, manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. The conventional security-based solutions in IIoT environment get degraded due to the third parties. Therefore, the recent blockchain technology (BCT) can be employed to resolve trust issues and eliminate the need for third parties. Therefore, this paper presents a novel blockchain enabled secure optimal lightweight cryptography based image encryption (BC-LWCIE) technique for industry 4.0 environment. In addition, the BC-LWCIE technique involves the design of an optimal LWC based hash function with optimal key generation using chicken swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm. Moreover, the CSO algorithm derives a fitness function with the maximization of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The BC-LWCIE technique stores the cryptographic pixel values of the encrypted image in the BCT to ensure secrecy in the IIoT environment. In order to highlight the enhanced security performance of the BC-LWCIE technique, a series of simulations were carried out and the results demonstrated the betterment of the BC-LWCIE technique over the recent techniques.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Jingya Dong, Chunhe Song, Tao Zhang, Yuanjian Li · 5 authors
Intelligent computing provides efficient, real‐time, and secure data analysis services for the Internet of Things (IoT). As the number of IoT devices increases, IoT generates massive, diverse, and multisourcing datasets that can be used to improve IoT services further. Models trained by intelligent computing from a single system or sensor are often not global, and sending all data directly to the computing platform wastes network bandwidth and may cause network congestion and even privacy leakage. To ensure IoT applications’ quality of service and privacy, we propose a framework that integrates edge computing and blockchain to provide lightweight data fusion and secure data analysis for IoT. We propose a lightweight data fusion method that can reduce the amount of data at the node level and prevent network congestion and bandwidth waste. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical fuzzy hashing method to check and locate anomalies of IoT machine learning models to ensure the validity of IoT intelligent computing and the security of sensitive data. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper through experiments.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Bangyao Du, Debiao He, Min Luo, Cong Peng · 5 authors
Covert communication is designed for hiding the subliminal communication which takes place between both of the speakers and their relationship. The traditional covert communication utilizes the centralized channel and the third‐party central node or authority to distribute messages which leads to a lack of undetectability, antitraceability, and robustness. In recent years, there have been attempts to apply the blockchain to covert communication solutions, for the characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization, openness, and trustworthiness. In this paper, based on the analysis of the literature and the classification according to the hiding position, we identify four kinds of covert communication: Address Channel, Value Channel, DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) Channel, and Script Channel, which will help inform future research agenda.
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Abstract Nowadays, the cyberspace search engines have showed great power to find entities and services in the network, which provide new ideas and methods to detect the Bitcoin nodes. This paper introduces the Bitcoin’s P2P network and nodes including the reachable nodes and the unreachable nodes. Then, the results of detecting reachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines are showed. Next, the author proposes a new approach to find and verify the unreachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines. Finally, this paper illustrates the de-anonymization of some Bitcoin nodes by the cyberspace search engines, which map some node’s IP addresses to real Bitcoin entities, such as Zeblockchain (a browser website), Microwallet (a wallet website) and Laurentia Pool (a non-profit pool website).
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Spam and Phishing Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Creating digital content and distributing them has become much easier and convenient nowadays, where the digital content creator can create the content and also distribute their work to others from anywhere with the help of internet. This also has the risk as the content is distributed using internet, the risk being copyright infringement and illegal distribution of the content. To avoid these types of risks the content creators are opting towards the help of digital rights management. The digital rights management team provides help and support to the content creators in cases where their work is illegally copied or distributed. To get the digital content copyrighted is also not an easy task as it consumes time and money. The proposed model overcomes these issues by integrating digital signature, structure similarity index measurement (SSIM) and blockchain technology in the digital rights management life cycle. The digital signature is used to uniquely identify the user and the related information can be traced back to the user using digital signature, and the copyright is provided using the SSIM method. The SSIM value can be in the range of -1 to 1 where 1 denotes that both the media files are identical and the system updates this information so that all the participant can view this information. If the SSIM value after comparing both the media files is -1 then the both images are unique and authentic, then the copyright is provided for the media file and this information is updated in the system as well as Ethereum blockchain. This makes the system more secure, robust and transparent.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques