With the development of wireless local area networks and intelligent transportation technologies, the Internet of Vehicles is considered to be an effective method to alleviate the severe situation of the current transportation system. The vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles system build the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks through wireless communication technology and dynamically provide different services through the real-time driving information broadcast by the vehicles. Vehicle drivers can control the distance, planning the driving route, between vehicles according to the current traffic environment, which improves the overall safety and efficiency of the traffic system. Due to the particularity of the Internet of Vehicles system service, vehicles need to broadcast their location information frequently. Attackers can collect and analyze vehicle broadcast information to steal privacy and even directionally track the owner through the driving trajectory, bringing serious security risks. This paper proposes a blockchain-based privacy protection system for the Internet of Vehicles. The system combines the blockchain with the Internet of Vehicles system to design a safe and efficient two-way authentication and key agreement algorithm through encryption and signature algorithm, which also solves the central dependency problem of the traditional Internet of Vehicles system.
The vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) comprises enabling technologies for a large number of important applications including collaborative autonomous driving and advanced transportation systems. Due to the mobility of vehicles, strict application requirements, and limited communication resources, the conventional centralized control fails to provide sufficient quality of service for connected vehicles, so a decentralized approach is required in the vicinity to satisfy the requirements of delay-sensitive and mission-critical applications. A decentralized system is also more resistant to the single point of failure problem and malicious attacks. Blockchain technology has been attracting great interest due to its capability of achieving a decentralized, transparent, and tamper-resistant system. There are many studies focusing on the use of blockchain in managing data and transactions in vehicular environments. However, the application of blockchain in vehicular environments also faces some technical challenges. In this paper, we first explain the fundamentals of blockchain and vehicular IoT. Then, we conduct a literature review on the existing research efforts of the blockchain for vehicular IoT by discussing the research problems and technical issues. After that, we point out some future research issues considering the characteristics of both blockchain and vehicular IoT.
Yulei Wu, Hong‐Ning Dai, Hao Wang, Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo
5G-enabled drones have potential applications in a variety of both military and civilian settings (e.g., monitoring and tracking of individuals in demonstrations and/or enforcing of social / physical distancing during pandemics such as COVID-19). Such applications generally involve the collection and dissemination of (massive) data from the drones to remote data centres for storage and analysis, for example via 5G networks. Consequently, there are security and privacy considerations underpinning 5G-enabled drone communications. We posit the potential of leveraging blockchain to facilitate privacy preservation, and therefore in this article we will review existing blockchain-based solutions after introducing the architecture for 5G-enabled drone communications and blockchain. We will also review existing legislation and data privacy regulations that need to be considered in the design of blockchain-based solutions, as well as identifying potential challenges and open issues which will hopefully inform future research agenda.
Cryptocurrency is a new kind of money used for purchasing goods and services via payment system that uses peer-to-peer (P2P) technology. The transactions of these currencies are cryptographically verified as well as validated without any centralized authority to monitor or regulate the money value and production of additional units of money. The primary objective of cryptocurrency is to revolutionize the way in which the global markets are connected to each other thereby clearing the barriers surrounding normative national currencies and exchange rates. In general, any cryptocurrency is composed of three sections, namely blockchain, wallets, and mining. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that bundles the transactions as blocks after the successful verification and validation using the consensus algorithm implemented in the nodes of P2P networks which are later chained together using the hash codes of each block. This chapter explains various steps involved in developing your own blockchain using Javascript which is validated using the test-driven development (TDD) approach, thereby end up with a developer friendly API.
The aim of this paper is to understand whether Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) are ready to support complex services, such as those related to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In smart transportation services, a huge amount of sensed data is generated by a multitude of vehicles. While DLTs provide very interesting features, such as immutability, traceability and verifiability of data, some doubts on the scalability and responsiveness of these technologies appear to be well-founded. We propose an architecture for ITS that resorts to DLT features. Moreover, we provide experimental results of a real test-bed over IOTA, a promising DLT for IoT. Results clearly show that, while the viability of the proposal cannot be rejected, further work is needed on the responsiveness of DLT infrastructures.
Lelio Campanile, Mauro Iacono, Alexander H. Levis, Fiammetta Marulli · 5 authors
Smart streets promise widely available traffic information to help improve people's safety. Unfortunately, gathering that data may threaten privacy. We describe an architecture that exploits a blockchain and the Internet of Vehicles and show its compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation.
Owing to the advancement of wireless communication technologies, drivers can rely on smart connected vehicles to communicate with each other, roadside units, pedestrians, and remote service providers to enjoy a large amount of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services, including navigation, parking, ride hailing, and car sharing. These V2X services provide different functions for bettering travel experiences, which have a bunch of benefits. In the real world, even without smart connected vehicles, drivers as users can utilize their smartphones and mobile applications to access V2X services and connect their smartphones to vehicles through some interfaces, e.g., IOS Carplay and Android Auto. In this way, they can still enjoy V2X services through modern car infotainment systems installed on vehicles. \n \nMost of the V2X services are data-centric and data-intensive, i.e., users have to upload personal data to a remote service provider, and the service provider can continuously collect a user's data and offer personalized services. However, the data acquired from users may include users' sensitive information, which may expose user privacy and cause serious consequences. To protect user privacy, a basic privacy-preserving mechanism, i.e, anonymization, can be applied in V2X services. Nevertheless, a big obstacle arises as well: user anonymization may affect V2X services' availability. As users become anonymous, users may behave selfishly and maliciously to break the functions of a V2X service without being detected and the service may become unavailable. In short, there exist a conflict between privacy and availability, which is caused by different requirements of users and service providers. In this thesis, we have identified three major conflicts between privacy and availability for V2X services: privacy vs. linkability, privacy vs. accountability, privacy vs. reliability, and then have proposed and designed three privacy-preserving mechanisms to resolve these conflicts. \n \nFirstly, the thesis investigates the conflict between privacy and linkability in an automated valet parking (AVP) service, where users can reserve a parking slot for their vehicles such that vehicles can achieve automated valet parking. As an optional privacy-preserving measure, users can choose to anonymize their identities when booking a parking slot for their vehicles. In this way, although user privacy is protected by anonymization, malicious users can repeatedly send parking reservation requests to a parking service provider to make the system unavailable (i.e., "Double-Reservation Attack"). Aiming at this conflict, a security model is given in the thesis to clearly define necessary privacy requirements and potential attacks in an AVP system, and then a privacy-preserving reservation scheme has been proposed based on BBS+ signature and zero-knowledge proof. In the proposed scheme, users can keep anonymous since users only utilize a one-time unlinkable token generated from his/her anonymous credential to achieve parking reservations. In the meantime, by utilizing proxy re-signature, the scheme can also guarantee that one user can only have one token at a time to resist against "Double-Reservation Attack". \n \nSecondly, the thesis investigates the conflict between privacy and accountability in a car sharing service, where users can conveniently rent a shared car without human intervention. One basic demand for car sharing service is to check the user's identity to determine his/her validity and enable the user to be accountable if he/she did improper behavior. If the service provider allows users to hide their identities and achieve anonymization to protect user privacy, naturally the car sharing service is unavailable. Aiming at this conflict, a decentralized, privacy-preserving, and accountable car sharing architecture has been proposed in the thesis, where multiple dynamic validation servers are employed to build decentralized trust for users. Under this architecture, the thesis proposes a privacy-preserving identity management scheme to assist in managing users' identities in a dynamic manner based on a verifiable secret sharing/redistribution technique, i.e. the validation servers who manage users' identities are dynamically changed with the time advancing. Moreover, the scheme enables a majority of dynamic validation servers to recover the misbehaving users' identities and guarantees that honest users' identities are confidential to achieve privacy preservation and accountability at the same time. \n \nThirdly, the thesis investigates the conflict between privacy and reliability in a road condition monitoring service, where users can report road conditions to a monitoring service provider to help construct a live map based on crowdsourcing. Usually, a reputation-based mechanism is applied in the service to measure a user's reliability. However, this mechanism cannot be easily integrated with a privacy-preserving mechanism based on user anonymization. When users are anonymous, they can upload arbitrary reports to destroy the service quality and make the service unavailable. Aiming at this conflict, a privacy-preserving crowdsourcing-based road condition monitoring scheme has been proposed in the thesis. By leveraging homomorphic commitments and PS signature, the scheme supports anonymous user reputation management without the assistance of any third-party authority. Furthermore, the thesis proposes several zero-knowledge proof protocols to ensure that a user can keep anonymous and unlinkable but a monitoring service provider can still judge the reliability of this user's report through his/her reputation score. \n \nTo sum up, with more attention being paid to privacy issues, how to protect user privacy for V2X services becomes more significant. The thesis proposes three effective privacy-preserving mechanisms for V2X services, which resolve the conflict between privacy and availability and can be conveniently integrated into current V2X applications since no trusted third party authority is required. The proposed approaches should be valuable for achieving practical privacy preservation in V2X services.
In recent times, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have become a core part of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which aim to achieve continual Internet connectivity among vehicles on the road. The VANET has been used to improve driving safety and construct an ITS in modern cities. However, owing to the wireless characteristics, the message transmitted through the network can be observed, altered, or forged. Since driving safety is a major part of VANET, the security and privacy of these messages must be preserved. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient privacy-preserving data transmission architecture that makes use of blockchain technology in cluster-based VANET. The cluster-based VANET architecture is used to achieve load balancing and minimize overhead in the network, where the clustering process is performed using the rainfall optimization algorithm (ROA). The ROA-based clustering with blockchain-based data transmission, called a ROAC-B technique, initially clusters the vehicles, and communication takes place via blockchain technology. A sequence of experiments was conducted to ensure the superiority of the ROAC-B technique, and several aspects of the results were considered. The simulation outcome showed that the ROAC-B technique is superior to other techniques in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end to end (ETE) delay, throughput, and cluster size.
Rakesh Shrestha, Seung Yeob Nam, Rojeena Bajracharya, Shiho Kim
With the rapid evolution in wireless communications and autonomous vehicles, intelligent and autonomous vehicles will be launched soon. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications provides driving safety, traffic efficiency, and road information in real-time in vehicular networks. V2X has evolved by integrating cellular 5G and New Radio (NR) access technology in V2X communications (i.e., 5G NR V2X); it can fulfill the ever-evolving vehicular application, communication, and service demands of connected vehicles, such as ultra-low latency, ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-high reliability, and security. However, with the increasing number of intelligent and autonomous vehicles and their safety requirements, there is a backlash in deployment and management because of scalability, poor security and less flexibility. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) plays a significant role in bringing cloud services closer to vehicular nodes, which reduces the scalability and flexibility issues. In addition, blockchain has evolved as an effective technology enabler to solve several security, privacy, and networking issues faced by the current 5G-based MEC systems in vehicular networks. Blockchain can be integrated as a strong security mechanism for securing and managing 5G V2X along with MEC. In this survey, we discuss, in detail, state-of-the-art V2X, its evolution based on cellular 5G technology and non-cellular 802.11bd. We investigate the integration of blockchain in 5G-based MEC vehicular networks for security, privacy protection, and content caching. We present the issues and challenges in existing edge computing and 5G V2X and, then, we shed some light on future research directions in these integrated and emerging technologies.
The dissemination of false messages in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has a negative impact on road safety and traffic efficiency. Therefore, it is critical to quickly detect fake news considering news timeliness in IoV. We propose a network computing framework Quick Fake News Detection (QcFND) in this paper, which exploits the technologies from Software-Defined Networking (SDN), edge computing, blockchain, and Bayesian networks. QcFND consists of two tiers: edge and vehicles. The edge is composed of Software-Defined Road Side Units (SDRSUs), which is extended from traditional Road Side Units (RSUs) and hosts virtual machines such as SDN controllers and blockchain servers. The SDN controllers help to implement the load balancing on IoV. The blockchain servers accommodate the reports submitted by vehicles and calculate the probability of the presence of a traffic event, providing time-sensitive services to the passing vehicles. Specifically, we exploit Bayesian Network to infer whether to trust the received traffic reports. We test the performance of QcFND with three platforms, i.e., Veins, Hyperledger Fabric, and Netica. Extensive simulations and experiments show that QcFND achieves good performance compared with other solutions.
Software Defined Vehicular Networking (SDVN) could be the future of the vehicular networks, enabling interoperability between heterogeneous networks and mobility management. Thus, the deployment of large SDVN is considered. However, SDVN is facing major security issues, in particular, authentication and access control issues. Indeed, an unauthorized SDN controller could modify the behavior of switches (packet redirection, packet drops) and an unauthorized switch could disrupt the operation of the network (reconnaissance attack, malicious feedback). Due to the SDVN features (decentralization, mobility) and the SDVN requirements (flexibility, scalability), the Blockchain technology appears to be an efficient way to solve these authentication and access control issues. Therefore, many Blockchain-based approaches have already been proposed. However, two key challenges have not been addressed: authentication and access control for SDN controllers and high scalability for the underlying Blockchain network. That is why in this paper we propose an innovative and scalable architecture, based on a set of interconnected Blockchain sub-networks. Moreover, an efficient access control mechanism and a cross-sub-networks authentication/revocation mechanism are proposed for all SDVN devices (vehicles, roadside equipment, SDN controllers). To demonstrate the benefits of our approach, its performances are compared with existing solutions in terms of throughput, latency, CPU usage and read/write access to the Blockchain ledger. In addition, we determine an optimal number of Blockchain sub-networks according to different parameters such as the number of certificates to store and the number of requests to process.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging technology that allows the interconnection of smart vehicles with each other via the Internet. Smart vehicles share data to improve driving safety and efficiency. However, shared messages can face several security and privacy issues. Therefore, ensuring security and privacy in IoV is highly required. In this work, we present up-to-date blockchain-based solutions to secure IoV applications. A comprehensive comparison of classical and blockchain-based security schemes for IoV is provided. Moreover, we discuss open issues related to the integration of blockchain technology in IoV and propose an efficient architecture to address the delay and scalability issues.
In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles communicate wirelessly with other vehicles, sensors, pedestrians, and roadside units. IoV is aimed at improving road safety, driving comfort, and traffic efficiency. However, IoV is exposed to a range of threats to security and privacy. The presence of dishonest and misbehaving peers in the system is of a major concern, which may put lives in danger. Thus, establishing trust among these probable untrusted vehicles is one of the most significant challenges of such a network. The critical pitfalls of existing and traditional mechanisms are scalability, a single point of failure, maintaining the quality of service, verification, and revocation and dealing with sparsity, consistency, availability, efficiency, robustness, privacy concerns are some of the biggest challenges to be addressed. Blockchain technology, with its great success in applications like cryptocurrencies and smart contracts, is considered as one of the potential candidates to build trust in IoV. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based decentralized trust management scheme using smart contracts. Specifically, we introduce the concept of blockchain sharding for reducing the load on the main blockchain and increasing the transaction throughput. Our proposal has two key contributions: blockchain to maintain and update reliable and consistent trust values across the network and incentive scheme to encourage peers to perform well. We also conduct extensive experiments, which demonstrate the implementation feasibility of proposed mechanisms in the real world.
Driverless parking, an influential application of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) model, is one of the clear early benefits for autonomous vehicles, given often narrow spaces and multiple potential hazards (such as pedestrians stepping out from in between other vehicles). In recent years, real momentum has been building up for designing automated parking models for vehicles. However, in such an autonomous parking design, location privacy and identity privacy issues are always overlapping due to the improper sharing of data. Most existing studies barely investigate and poorly address such privacy issues. Motivated by this, we develop (and evaluate) an experience-driven, secure and privacy-aware framework of parking reservations for automated cars. Our idea of using differential privacy with zero-knowledge proof provides both security and privacy guarantees to users. Furthermore, the performance of the developed model is enhanced by exploiting reinforcement learning approach such that the utility of the system and the parking reservation rate can be maximized. Extensive evaluation demonstrates the superiority of the proposed model.
As the communications among the vehicles, the Road-Side Units (RSU) and the Edge Servers (ES) take place via wireless communication and the Internet, an adversary may take the opportunity to tamper with the data communicated among various entities in an Internet of Vehicles (IoV) environment. Therefore, it demands secure communication among the involved entities in an IoV-based Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) deployment. In this work, we design a new blockchain-enabled certificate-based authentication scheme for vehicle accident detection and notification in ITS, called BCAS-VADN. In BCAS-VADN, through the authentication process, each vehicle can securely notify accident related transactions to its nearby Cluster Head (CH), if an accident is detected on roads either by its own or neighbor vehicle(s). TheCHthen securely sends the transactions received from the vehicles to itsRSUand subsequently, these transactions are also received securely by theESs. TheESis responsible for preparing partial block containing transactions and Merkle tree root, and a digital signature on those information, and then forwarding to its associated Cloud Server (CS) in the Blockchain Center (BC) for complete block creation, verification and addition of the block using the designed consensus process. Due to blockchain technology usage, it is shown that BCAS-VADN is not only secure against various potential attacks, but also maintains transparency, immutability and decentralization of the information. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis reveals that BCAS-VADN achieves better security and more functionality attributes, and has low communication and computational overheads as compared to other competitive authentication schemes in IoV. In addition, the practical demonstration using the blockchain technology has been also provided.
The concept of smart cities has become prominent in modern metropolises due to the emergence of embedded and connected smart devices, systems, and technologies. They have enabled the connection of every "thing" to the Internet. Therefore, in the upcoming era of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) will play a crucial role in newly developed smart cities. The IoV has the potential to solve various traffic and road safety problems effectively in order to prevent fatal crashes. However, a particular challenge in the IoV, especially in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, is to ensure fast, secure transmission and accurate recording of the data. In order to overcome these challenges, this work is adapting Blockchain technology for real time application (RTA) to solve Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications problems. Therefore, the main novelty of this paper is to develop a Blockchain-based IoT system in order to establish secure communication and create an entirely decentralized cloud computing platform. Moreover, the authors qualitatively tested the performance and resilience of the proposed system against common security attacks. Computational tests showed that the proposed solution solved the main challenges of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communications such as security, centralization, and lack of privacy. In addition, it guaranteed an easy data exchange between different actors of intelligent transportation systems.
One of the biggest challenges associated with connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is to maintain and make use of vehicles health records (VHR). VHR can facilitate different entities to offer various services in a proactive, transparent, secure, reliable and in an efficient manner. The state-of-the-art solutions for maintaining the VHR are centralized in nature, mainly owned by manufacturer and authorized in-vehicle device developers. Owners, drivers, and other key service providers have limited accessibility and control to the VHR. We need to change the strategy from single or limited party access to multi-party access to VHR in an secured manner so that all stakeholders of intelligent transportation system (ITS) can be benefited from this. Any unauthorized attempt to alter the data should also be prevented. Blockchain is one such potential candidate, which can facilitate the sharing of such data among different participating organizations and individuals. For example, owners, manufacturers, trusted third parties, road authorities, insurance companies, charging stations, and car selling ventures can access VHR stored on the blockchain in a permissioned, secured, and with a higher level of confidence. In this paper, a blockchain-based decentralized secure system for V-CARE is proposed to manage records in an interoperable framework that leads to improved ITS services in terms of safety, availability, reliability, efficiency, and maintenance. Insurance based on pay-how-you-drive (PHYD), and sale and purchase of used vehicles can also be made more transparent and reliable without compromising the confidentiality and security of sensitive data.
Muhammad Baqer Mollah, Jun Zhao, Dusit Niyato, Yong Liang Guan · 8 authors
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging concept that is believed to help realize the vision of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). IoV has become an important research area of impactful applications in recent years due to the rapid advancements in vehicular technologies, high throughput satellite communication, the Internet of Things, and cyber-physical systems. IoV enables the integration of smart vehicles with the Internet and system components attributing to their environments, such as public infrastructures, sensors, computing nodes, pedestrians, and other vehicles. By allowing the development of a common information exchange platform between vehicles and heterogeneous vehicular networks, this integration aims to create a better environment and public space for the people as well as to enhance safety for all road users. Being a participatory data exchange and storage, the underlying information exchange platform of IoV needs to be secure, transparent, and immutable in order to achieve the intended objectives of ITS. In this connection, the adoption of blockchain as a system platform for supporting the information exchange needs of IoV has been explored. Due to their decentralized and immutable nature, IoV applications enabled by blockchain are believed to have a number of desirable properties, such as decentralization, security, transparency, immutability, and automation. In this article, we present a contemporary survey on the latest advancement in blockchain for IoV. Particularly, we highlight the different application scenarios of IoV after carefully reviewing the recent literature. We also investigate several key challenges where blockchain is applied in IoV. Furthermore, we present the future opportunities and explore further research directions of IoV as a key enabler of ITS.
Activity-tracking applications and location-based services using short-range communication (SRC) techniques have been abruptly demanded in the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for automated contact tracing. The attention from both public and policy keeps raising on related practical problems, including \textit{1) how to protect data security and location privacy? 2) how to efficiently and dynamically deploy SRC Internet of Thing (IoT) witnesses to monitor large areas?} To answer these questions, in this paper, we propose a decentralized and permissionless blockchain protocol, named \textit{Bychain}. Specifically, 1) a privacy-preserving SRC protocol for activity-tracking and corresponding generalized block structure is developed, by connecting an interactive zero-knowledge proof protocol and the key escrow mechanism. As a result, connections between personal identity and the ownership of on-chain location information are decoupled. Meanwhile, the owner of the on-chain location data can still claim its ownership without revealing the private key to anyone else. 2) An artificial potential field-based incentive allocation mechanism is proposed to incentivize IoT witnesses to pursue the maximum monitoring coverage deployment. We implemented and evaluated the proposed blockchain protocol in the real-world using the Bluetooth 5.0. The storage, CPU utilization, power consumption, time delay, and security of each procedure and performance of activities are analyzed. The experiment and security analysis is shown to provide a real-world performance evaluation.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less networks that are mainly used for establishing communication during the situation where wired network fails. Security related information collection is a fundamental part of the identification of attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). A node should find accessible routes to remaining nodes for information assortment and gather security related information during route discovery for choosing secured routes. During data communication, malicious nodes enter the network and cause disturbances during data transmission and reduce the performance of the system. In this manuscript, a Time Interval Based Blockchain Model (TIBBM) for security related information assortment that identifies malicious nodes in the MANET is proposed. The proposed model builds the Blockchain information structure which is utilized to distinguish malicious nodes at specified time intervals. To perform a malicious node identification process, a Network Block Monitoring Node (NBMN) is selected after route selection and this node will monitor the blocks created by the nodes in the routing table. At long last, NBMN node understands the location of malicious nodes by utilizing the Blocks created. The proposed model is compared with the traditional malicious node identification model and the results show that the proposed model exhibits better performance in malicious node detection.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a mobile network formed by vehicles, road side units, and other in-frastructures that enable communication between the nodes to improve road safety and traffic control. While this technology promises great benefits to drivers, there are many security and privacy concerns that must be addressed before it can be fully adopted. It is essential to ensure that vehicles participating in the network are authenticated and held accountable in case of misbehaviour. On the other hand, there should be adequate mechanisms for preserving the privacy of vehicles and drivers, so they are protected against unauthorized tracking and release of private information. Many current VANET technologies also depend on a central trusted authority that becomes a single point of failure for the network. In this paper, we propose a new blockchain based decentralized authentication approach for VANET. In this scheme vehicles maintain conditional anonymity in the network and their real identities can only be revealed to authorized entities. Using the blockchain technology, we create a distributed framework and maintain an immutable record of the data, strengthening the integrity of the system. We use the Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned blockchain technology, to implement our approach and compare its performance to the traditional PKI based method for VANET authentication.
Elias Ghribi, Tala Talaei Khoei, Hamed Taheri Gorji, Prakash Ranganathan · 5 authors
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks offer enormous potential in civil, commercial, and military applications. As network sizes become large, the communication of UAV networks poses serious cybersecurity challenges. One solution for providing a secure, scalable communication mechanism is to integrate blockchain in the peer-to-peer UAV networks. Blockchain provides a way for multiple entities to communicate securely in a decentralized and cooperative manner. Because blockchain is primarily used for preventing double-spending in cryptocurrency, it lacks methods to secure communications in a network. Specifically, this paper proposes a novel consensus-building mechanism for securing communications in a UAV network, integrating blockchain with public key cryptography method Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman and one-time pad encryption method.