Nowadays, the modern supply chain is facing the new threats and opportunities due to quality, safety, ethics, environmental impact and other serious problems aroused by the opacity of supply chain. On the contrary, a transparent and traceable supply chain can help suppliers minimize fraud and errors, enhance inventory management, reduce courier costs, lower waste and delay. Consequently, transparency and traceability are essential to the sustainable development of industrial supply chain in the future. \n \n \nDriven by growing demand for transparency and traceability from consumers, companies, and governments, some fundamental labeling technologies (e.g. RFID, QR code, NFC tag, etc.) have been already combined with web technology and applied in logistics system to identify a product with origin information. Even though, those traditional technologies fail to provide a trusted and cost-efficient system to record provenance and share information. \n \n \nThis thesis aims to find an approach to improve transparency and traceability of supply chain in a secure and cost-efficient way. To achieve this goal, an approach with an emerging technology is presented in this thesis: blockchain, a shared, distributed and permissioned ledger that records every transaction information associated with asset through supply chain, which is synchronized and verified in real time with all entities in the supply chain but can be accessed only by authorized participants. \n \n \nThe result of this research work not only provides in-depth research of blockchain technology but also proposes a concrete solution with an implementation of blockchain technology to shape a transparent and traceable supply chain network. This solution can track provenance and trajectory of an asset through the complex supply chain in real time, at the same time, provides unprecedented visibility and confidentiality. Finally, this thesis also shows a possibility to integrate the blockchain system with other web service and traditional enterprise resource planning system.
The development of robotics, the Internet of Things concept, big data processing techniques, automation, and distributed digital ledgers leads to the fourth industrial revolution. One of the main issues of new industry is interaction between the "smart factory" components both internally and with other factories based on the Internet of Things. This interaction should provide trust between the participants of the Internet of Things; control over the distribution of resources (such as maintenance time, energy, etc.) and finished products. The paper describes one of the possible ways of integrating Internet of Things and blockchain technologies to solve these issues. For this purpose, an architecture has been developed that combines Smart-M3 information sharing platform and blockchain platform. One of the main features of the proposed architecture is the use of smart contracts for processing and storing information related to the interaction between smart space components.
Complexity of electric/electronics (E/E) in automobiles increases tremendously due to more connectivity and real-time data processing. Hence, huge volatility of E/E artifacts is the consequence. In order to keep track of all changes made from early systems engineering to late after sales, a permeable traceability in data management systems has to be achieved. Therefore, this elaboration adapts the blockchain technology to achieve traceability of E/E development artifacts from early model-based systems engineering (MBSE) till after sales. By this, MBSE is linked to product data management and the automobile’s configuration is known at each instant of time. The Digital Twin, a digital, domain-specific representation of the physical vehicle in one front end tool, makes the complexity still feasible to handle and is empowered by the blockchain. Hence, traceability of E/E artifacts over an automobile’s lifecycle including MBSE is fostered in a manageable manner.
Open access
Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
Edge computing proposes a novel model for providing computational resources close to end devices that are connected to the network. It has numerous applications in Internet of Things, as well as smart grids, healthcare, smart home, etc. This paper presents ongoing research regarding the use of blockchain technology as a platform hierarchical and distributed control systems based on IEC 61499 standard. Hyperledger Fabric was selected as the blockchain solution, where function blocks are to be implemented as smart contracts on a supervisor level. The integration with the edge nodes that perform on the executive level responsible for actual process control is based on a micro-services architecture where Docker containers implement function blocks, and Kubernetes platform is used for orchestrating the execution of containers across the edge resources.
Jan 1, 2017·Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Digital supply chain integration is becoming \ increasingly dynamic. Access to customer demand \ needs to be shared effectively, and product and service \ deliveries must be tracked to provide visibility in the \ supply chain. Business process integration is based on \ standards and reference architectures, which should \ offer end-to-end integration of product data. \ Companies operating in supply chains establish \ process and data integration through the specialized \ intermediate companies, whose role is to establish \ interoperability by mapping and integrating companyspecific \ data for various organizations and systems. \ This has typically caused high integration costs, and \ diffusion is slow. This paper investigates the \ requirements and functionalities of supply chain \ integration. Cloud integration can be expected to offer \ a cost-effective business model for interoperable \ digital supply chains. We explain how supply chain \ integration through the blockchain technology can \ achieve disruptive transformation in digital supply \ chains and networks.
Peter Ittermann, Jonathan Niehaus, Hartmut Hirsch‐Kreinsen, Johannes Dregger · 5 authors
This paper is dealing with the ongoing debate of the digitization of german industry, the so-called „Industrie 4.0“, and its social consequences. The discussed new technologies like cyber-physical production systems, autonomous logistic systems and smart devices are about to get integrated in work places, that are embedded in existing organizational and social structures, thus making ‘complementary innovations’ and a coordinated design necessary. Our paper presents a human-centered design of industrial labor in a framework depicting the dilemma between what is techno-logically feasible and labor-politically desirable, under the constraint of an economically reasonable design of work and technology. The analytical approach is the “socio-technical system” which as-sumes that there are certain varieties of organizational design at the interfaces of its sub-systems ‘technology’, ‘human’ and ‘organization’. These considerations are transformed into a framework, called Social Manufacturing and Logistics, which brings together these perspectives and leads to a complementary holistic design of industrial labor under the conditions of a progressive digitization of manufacturing. Its characteristics are: hybrid interaction between human and machine, flexible integrated work and decentralized systems. Finally, we outline some organizational and social con-ditions to realize such a framework.
With increasing product personalization and open innovation, the manufacturing paradigm has been transforming to a more decentralized and socialized one. Social manufacturing was proposed as a new paradigm for industry. It extends the crowdsourcing idea to the manufacturing area. By establishing cyber–physical–social connection via decentralized social media, various communities can be formed as complex, dynamic autonomous systems to co-create customized and personalized products and services. This article presents the concept and characteristics of social manufacturing including distributed, adaptive, and self-organization. It also addresses social intelligence in proactive decision-making for organization of socialized resources and producers in the life-cycle of product.
The article offers information on the industrial revolution which is coined by Davos founder Klaus Schwab for the deep digital transformation. It mentions that International Organisation for Standardisation received formal requests to set up a new field of technical activity. It also mentions that report from the National University of Ireland Maynooth showed that the total energy consumption of Bitcoin mining was comparable with Ireland's total electricity usage
Hans Fleischmann, Philipp Gölzer, Jens-Erik Franke, M. Amberg
Die umfassende Vernetzung intelligenter Produkte und Produktionssysteme in Industrie 4.0 erlaubt eine dezentral agierende Produktion sowie die Fähigkeit zur Selbststeuerung und Selbstoptimierung. Die Standardisierung von Kommunikation und Datenaustausch nimmt an dieser Stelle eine entscheidende Rolle ein und ermöglicht die system- und wertschöpfungsübergreifende Interaktion von Entitäten. Im Fachbeitrag werden formalisierte Anforderungen von Industrie 4.0 und Fähigkeiten propagierter Kommunikationsprotokolle gegenübergestellt.   Comprehensive networks of intelligent products and production systems in Industry 4.0 enable an autonomous and decentralized manufacturing organization and the capability for self-control and self-optimization. Standardized communication and data exchange is the key to establish the interaction of entities and systems along the entire value chain. This paper analyses requirements of Industry 4.0 and discusses the capabilities of propagated communication protocols.
Globalization, unpredictable markets, increased products customization and frequent changes in products, production technologies and machining systems have become a complexity in today’s manufacturing environment. One key strategy for coping with the evolution of this situation is to develop or apply an enable technology such as intelligent manufacturing. Intelligent manufacturing system (IMS) is characterized by decentralized, distributed, networked compositions of heterogeneous and autonomous systems. The model of IMS is inherited from the organization of the living systems in biology and nature so that the manufacturing system has the advanced characteristics inspired from biology such as self-adaptation, self-diagnosis, and selfhealing. To prove this concept, an innovative system with applying the advanced information and communication technology such as internet of things, cognitive agent are proposed to integrate, organize and allocate the machining resources. Innovative system is essential for modern machining system to flexibly and quickly adapt to new challenges of manufacturing environment.
Smart manufacturing considered as a new trend of modern manufacturing helps to satisfy objectives associated with the productivity, quality, cost and competiveness. The smart manufacturing system is characterized by decentralized, distributed, networked compositions of autonomous systems. The model of smart manufacturing is inherited from the organization of the living systems in biology and nature such as ant colony, school of fish, bee's foraging behaviors, and so on. In which, the resources of the manufacturing system are considered as biological organisms, which are autonomous entities so that the manufacturing system has the advanced characteristics inspired from biology such as self-adaptation, self-diagnosis, and self-healing. In this paper, a cloud based smart manufacturing system for machining transmission cases is considered as research object in which the advanced information and communication technology such as cognitive agent, swarm intelligence, and cloud computing are used to integrate, organize and allocate the machining resources.
Smart manufacturing (SM) considered as a new trend of modern manufacturing helps to meet objectives associated with the productivity, quality, cost and competiveness. It is characterized by decentralized, distributed, networked compositions of autonomous systems. The model of SM is inherited from the organization of the living systems in biology and nature such as ant colony, school of fish, bee’s foraging behaviors, and so on. In which, the resources of the manufacturing system are considered as biological organisms, which are autonomous entities so that the manufacturing system has the advanced characteristics inspired from biology such as selfadaptation, self-diagnosis, and self-healing. To prove this concept, a cloud machining system is considered as research object in which internet of things and cloud computing are used to integrate, organize and allocate the machining resources. Artificial life tools are used for cooperation among autonomous elements in the cloud machining system.