This thesis investigated how leading fashion brands navigated the adoption of Web3 technologies in loyalty programs during the peak of the hype surrounding the topic (2020-2022). Through a qualitative approach, which combined 12 expert interviews and comparative case studies (Nike, Adidas, Hugo Boss, and Lacoste), it analyzed the strategic drivers of adoption, the role of timing, and the organizational conditions that influenced the success or stagnation of these initiatives. The findings revealed that brands like Nike and Adidas adopted Web3 mainly as a signal of innovation leadership and cultural relevance, rather than as a means of delivering functional value to the consumer. However, sustainable success was more strongly associated with organizational ambidexterity, cross-functional integration, and technological adaptability than with early market entry. The thesis proposes the innovative Strategic Hype Readiness Framework, which identifies six critical variables to transform symbolic adoption into sustainable innovation: (1) strategic clarity beyond short-term hype, (2) level of internal alignment, (3) cultural openness to experimentation (4) narrative clarity and consumer centricity, (5) internal capability development, and (6) learning and recalibration mechanisms.
Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies
This paper introduces B4B.app, a Web3 influencer marketing protocol that leverages the Internet Computer (ICP) to solve persistent industry challenges such as fragmented data, unreliable ratings, and payment disputes. B4B.app delivers a trustless, cross-chain infrastructure combining influencer discovery, campaign management, and secure escrow payments in one seamless platform. At its core, B4B-ICP acts as a reputation and settlement layer, aggregating performance data from multiple social platforms and ensuring transparent, on-chain record keeping. This paper presents the platform’s architecture, user workflow, and implementation stack, along with key milestones and planned enhancements, including EVM interoperability and AI-driven performance prediction.
Muhammad Iqbal, Kunal Raj, K.V. Narasimha Reddy, Mohd. Mudaseer Mazharuddin
In today's digital age, student academic data is still largely controlled by educational institutions, which creates major risks and limitations.Centralized systems are vulnerable to data loss due to natural disasters, political instability, or system failures.They also make it difficult for students to access or share their records when participating in exchange programs or pursuing lifelong learning across different platforms.To solve these issues, this paper introduces a decentralized approach where students have full control over their educational data.Using blockchain technology-specifically the Ethereum public network-and Web3 tools, we present DecentralEduChain, a framework that allows students to securely store and manage their academic records through smart contracts.Educational institutions can interact with these contracts via integrated Learning Management Systems (LMS), enabling both the reading and updating of student records without relying on centralized databases.This system not only enhances security and transparency but also empowers students with ownership of their data, making it easier to share academic credentials across institutions.The paper also outlines the practical steps for implementing the system, including smart contract creation and integration with LMS platforms, making it a promising solution for the future of educational data management.
In today’s fast-paced digital world, NFT have become mainstream, reaching a market value of $50 billion. They act as digital certificates of ownership of online resources, reshaping how we perceive ourselves to be on the digital realm. Our plan is to have a BidCraft NFT Hub, a marketplace where people can easily buy, sell and trade NFT. We simplify the process by using blockchain technology. For the user interface, we use web3.js for a smooth experience. In the background, Node.js and Express.js ensure smooth operation. We integrate MetaMask, a trusted digital wallet for account management and secure transactions. To ensure security and transparency in transactions, the platform relies on contract written in Solidity. Testing is done on the Hardhat network, which is planned to run on the Polygon blockchain in the testing environment. In summary, the BidCraft NFT Hub aims to make blockchain technology and NFTs accessible to everyone by leveraging the Polygon blockchain and prioritizing user friendliness while maintaining safety and security
Mauro Cambarieri, Claudia Alejandra Viadana, Nicolás García Martínez, Luis Vivas · 6 authors
This paper explores the potential of blockchain and Web3 technologies in the digital transformation of public entities, focusing on digital identity management and the issuance of verifiable credentials. Key concepts of these technologies, as well as W3C standards, are analyzed, highlighting their ability to ensure integrity, security, portability, and transparency in administrative processes. In the public sector, blockchain offers benefits such as the elimination of intermediaries, automation through smart contracts, asset tokenization, and improved interoperability. In education, the accelerated evolution of the labor market—driven by technological advancements and demands for dynamic specialization—has positioned micro-credentials as critical components for professional reinvention. However, their effective implementation requires overcoming challenges related to interoperability, security, and portability. This is where digital identity and verifiable credentials (VCs) emerge as key enablers of transformation. VCs streamline the issuance and verification of academic certifications, promoting employability and the portability of skills. The case study presented leverages the Digital Credentials Consortium (DCC) to implement VCs based on standards such as JSON-LD and decentralized identifiers (DIDs). This work outlines conceptual frameworks, technical implementation details, and contextual considerations for the adoption of Web3 technologies.
Abstract: The real estate sector faces persistent challenges,includingintermediary dependence, information asymmetry, fraud vulnerability, and limited liquidity,despite technological advancements in other industries. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a blockchain-based solution addressing these challenges. Your platform, developed using Ethereum smart contracts, comprises a distributed property ledger, automated transaction processing, and property tokenization capabilities. Performance evaluation demonstrates substantial improvements over traditional methods: transaction times decreased by 90%, costs reduced by 80-90%, and security enhanced through immutable record-keeping. Property transfers that traditionally require weeks were executed in minutes, with smart contracts automating escrow management and document verification. The empirical results provide concrete evidence of blockchain's efficacy in real estate transactions and establish a framework adaptable across different property markets and regulatory environments
Blockchains support a rapidly growing digital economy. Through decentralization, they enable the ownership and transfer of digital assets without centralized intermediaries while resisting attacks, faults, and collusion. Yet decentralization is not guaranteed and must be sustained against external shocks. What design choices help blockchains maintain decentralization when disrupted? We find that resource flexibility, how easily consensus resources can be moved and redeployed, is key to sustained decentralization. Using three real-world shocks—China’s 2021 crypto mining ban, Hetzner’s 2022 shutdown of Solana validators, and Ethereum’s transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake—we show that blockchains whose consensus resources are more flexible recover decentralization faster. These findings offer actionable guidance. Blockchain designers should consider resource flexibility as a first-order design parameter. Operators should diversify infrastructure across jurisdictions to reduce vulnerability to localized shocks. Policymakers should be aware that regulations targeting blockchains can have unintended effects on decentralization.
Minh Tri Le, O. M. Harris, Charlotte Bennett, Fiona Greene
Amid the rapid development of Web3.0 technologies and blockchain infrastructures, the commercial real estate industry is experiencing a significant shift toward digitalization. This study proposes a tokenization framework for commercial real estate assets, grounded in the ERC-1400 standard. The system enables precise asset share registration via smart contracts and ensures regulatory compliance through on-chain KYC authentication and identity mapping mechanisms. To address liquidity challenges, an off-chain valuation oracle and a decentralized finance (DeFi) collateralization model are integrated into the architecture, enhancing the tradability of tokenized real estate assets. Simulation experiments and empirical analyses were conducted to evaluate title confirmation efficiency, asset liquidity, and operational controllability. The results demonstrate that, compared to conventional methods, the proposed system improved title confirmation efficiency by 99.6% (t = 327.4, p < 0.001), increased average daily transaction volume by 327% (χ² = 158.6, p < 0.001), achieved 100% transaction accuracy in 1,500 simulations, and successfully identified and intercepted 47 abnormal transactions via the KYC mechanism. These findings provide both a viable technical approach and theoretical basis for implementing real estate asset tokenization in practice, contributing to the secure and scalable integration of traditional assets into decentralized ecosystems.
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in modern smart cities has led to the creation of myriad ICT-enabled services ranging from automated healthcare and building monitoring to smart energy management. Traditional centralized systems, however, face significant challenges such as single points of failure, vulnerability to hacking, and data tampering. In this paper, we propose a decentralized framework that leverages Ethereumbased smart contracts to enable secure and autonomous automated trading systems for smart cities. Our approach replaces centralized intermediaries with self-executing contracts, which not only guarantee immutable transaction records and real-time execution but also support dynamic pricing mechanisms that balance supply and demand in real time. We demonstrate our framework through two key use cases-smart healthcare and smart building monitoring-illustrating how smart contracts can automate multi-step workflows while preventing issues such as double spending through robust cryptographic measures. Experimental results obtained from a testbed implementation (utilizing Node.js, web3.js, and Ethereum Virtual Machines on Raspberry Pis) highlight the system's fault tolerance, improved transaction speeds, and scalability. Additionally, simulations reveal that as transaction values increase, the risk of double spending can be mitigated by adjusting the hashing power, ensuring a secure and reliable environment for automated trading. This work contributes to the state of the art in blockchain-based automation by providing a viable, cost-effective alternative to traditional, centralized control systems in smart city applications.
Independent Researcher, USA, Damodar Bihani, Bright Chibunna Ubamadu, Signal Alliance Technology Holding, Nigeria · 6 authors
The integration of blockchain technology into the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs) is revolutionizing how value is stored, transferred, and accessed globally. This paper proposes a scalable framework for cross-functional collaboration in Web3 product development focused on blockchain-based tokenized RWAs. Tokenization enables physical assets such as real estate, commodities, and intellectual property to be digitized into blockchain-based tokens, allowing for fractional ownership, increased liquidity, and enhanced accessibility. However, the successful development and deployment of such Web3 products require an interdisciplinary approach that combines technological innovation, legal compliance, financial modeling, and user experience design. Our framework addresses these needs by enabling seamless collaboration between developers, legal experts, financial analysts, and UX/UI designers throughout the product lifecycle. We present a modular architecture built on interoperable blockchain protocols such as Ethereum and Polkadot, integrating smart contracts, decentralized identifiers (DIDs), and oracles for real-time asset verification. The framework emphasizes agile product development practices and leverages decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) structures to facilitate decision-making and community governance. Furthermore, we explore how regulatory-compliant token standards, such as ERC-1400, can be incorporated to ensure adherence to jurisdiction-specific asset ownership and transfer laws. This study includes a case analysis of cross-functional product teams building tokenized real estate platforms and carbon credit marketplaces, demonstrating how scalable collaboration can accelerate time-to-market and improve transparency, trust, and user adoption. Our findings highlight that such a collaborative framework significantly reduces technical debt and improves legal and financial risk mitigation. The framework also enhances stakeholder alignment through integrated project management tools and on-chain documentation. By offering a structured, scalable, and adaptable approach, this framework positions Web3 product teams to unlock the full potential of tokenized RWAs in a decentralized economy. It serves as a critical guide for developers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and investors aiming to leverage blockchain technology in building trustworthy, scalable, and cross-functional Web3 applications.
Modern blockchain applications are often constrained by a trade-off between user experience and trust. Chainless Apps present a new paradigm of application architecture that separates execution, trust, bridging, and settlement into distinct compostable layers. This enables app-specific sequencing, verifiable off-chain computation, chain-agnostic asset and message routing via Agglayer, and finality on Ethereum - resulting in fast Web2-like UX with Web3-grade verifiability. Although consensus mechanisms have historically underpinned verifiable computation, the advent of zkVMs and decentralized validation services opens up new trust models for developers. Chainless Apps leverage this evolution to offer modular, scalable applications that maintain interoperability with the broader blockchain ecosystem while allowing domain-specific trade-offs.
This article explores the potential of Web3 and decentralized applications (dApps) to revolutionize digital banking. It explores how blockchain technology transforms traditional banking through distributed ledger systems that enhance transparency, security, and user autonomy. The technical architecture of Web3 banking solutions is detailed, including blockchain networks, smart contracts, and emerging applications like decentralized lending protocols, cross-border payment systems, and asset tokenization. While these technologies address significant limitations in conventional banking systems, such as excessive fees, settlement delays, and centralized control, challenges persist in regulatory compliance, scalability, interoperability, and user experience. The integration of artificial intelligence and quantum-resistant cryptography represents promising developments that could further enhance decentralized financial systems. As the blockchain ecosystem matures, financial institutions that embrace these technologies stand to gain competitive advantages through operational efficiencies and enhanced customer value.
A persistent semantic gap separates the low-level revert data emitted by smart contracts from the high-level explanations Web3 users need when a transaction fails. Existing automated analyzers treat such reverts as hints of hidden vulnerabilities and do not tell users what actually went wrong. To close this gap and give users useful feedback, I present ErrorExplainer, an automated error-explanation framework rather than another bug detector. ErrorExplainer takes a novel two-phase approach. A lightweight static analysis of verified source code lifts every transaction-reverting statement into a canonical error representation of an origin function, a guard condition, and an expected error message. At runtime, when a failure occurs, ErrorExplainer first checks the invariant part of the error data with the error representation of the called function. If no hit appears, it expands the candidates to call traces until a match is found and then shows the matched record as a clear, human-readable explanation. The evaluation results show that ErrorExplainer could effectively identify 6284 normalized error records from a reverting-related dataset of SC-Bench. The high information completeness (0.952) and matching fitness (0.954 and 0.604 at the function and trace levels, respectively) indicate that the extracted error context of ErrorExplainer can provide more understandable information to users on failed operations.
The accelerating wave of digitalization is fundamentally reshaping the landscape of innovation and entrepreneurship, creating unprecedented opportunities and introducing complex new challenges. This study examines the intricate interplay between digital technologies and the processes of innovation, entrepreneurial activity, and organizational transformation. Drawing from interdisciplinary perspectives, it explores key technological drivers such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and the Internet of Things, and their role in enabling new business models and entrepreneurial ecosystems. The analysis highlights the evolution of platform-based economies, the rise of digital startups, the transformation of organizational cultures toward agility and intrapreneurship, and the emergence of lean innovation methodologies. It also addresses critical ethical, social, and regulatory considerations, including algorithmic bias, data privacy, digital inclusion, and the need for agile governance frameworks. Future research directions are outlined with a focus on decentralized innovation models such as Web3 and the imperative of green, sustainable digital entrepreneurship. The paper concludes that succeeding in the digital era requires more than technological adoption. It demands a strategic fusion of innovation, ethical responsibility, and sustainable development. By offering a comprehensive and forward-looking framework, this research contributes valuable insights to scholars, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and innovators seeking to navigate and shape the future of a digitally mediated global economy.
Leonidas Theodorakopoulos, Alexandra Theodoropoulou, Christos Klavdianos
The rapid growth of digital platforms has fundamentally reshaped network and viral marketing, profoundly transforming how information spreads across social networks and influences consumer behavior. This comprehensive review synthesizes theoretical, computational, and ethical perspectives into an integrated narrative, providing novel insights into the mechanisms driving information diffusion within contemporary interactive marketing. By integrating foundational concepts from social network theory, advanced graph models, and behavioral dynamics, the paper demonstrates how the interplay between network structures, influencer behaviors, and AI-driven algorithms significantly redefines traditional marketing paradigms. A distinctive theoretical contribution of this study lies in its innovative combination of Big Data analytics with AI-based predictive modeling, explicitly revealing how real-time algorithmic personalization not only enhances marketing effectiveness but also creates new ethical tensions surrounding misinformation, algorithmic bias, and consumer vulnerability. Addressing recent calls for greater theoretical originality and narrative coherence in interactive marketing research, this review explicitly highlights how these insights resolve critical theoretical puzzles and clarify contemporary ethical dilemmas. Additionally, the paper identifies emerging trends—including Web3 marketing, decentralized platforms, and neuroscience-driven targeting—offering clear future research directions. Through its integrative, narrative-driven framework, this study significantly advances interactive marketing theory, providing essential guidance for scholars and practitioners navigating the evolving complexities of digital influence.
The exponential growth in power consumption demands a robust method to address and identify irregularities in distribution systems. This paper presents a novel approach integrating advanced machine learning with blockchain technology to enhance microgrid energy systems' anomaly detection and response times. The Isolation Forest algorithm is employed to identify outliers in power consumption. Custom statistical methods, such as Sudden Change Detection and Z-score, detect abrupt changes in power consumption patterns and statistical anomalies. To ensure prompt and automatic responses to identified irregularities, smart contracts are deployed on the Ethereum platform, enabling the instantaneous implementation of corrective measures. The system's real-time capabilities are enabled by the Web3 library, which establishes a direct connection between anomaly detection algorithms and smart contract execution, making the solution viable for practical deployment. The proposed model is demonstrated using a microgrid power consumption dataset, highlighting how smart contracts enable real-time detection and notification of anomalies. Upon identifying irregular power consumption, the smart contract recommends corrective actions, such as initiating load shedding and ensuring timely and transparent intervention. This integration of blockchain technology enhances the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection and provides a decentralized and autonomous solution for alerting system operators, reinforcing the security and reliability of microgrid energy systems.
Kazokutchi is an artistic project created by So Kanno, Akihiro Kato, and Takemi Watanuki in 2022. The installation combines robot-based digital artificial life forms, NFTs, and a blockchain-based community. Its origins can be traced back to the ideas underlying cellular automata and issues raised by evolutionary robotics. Combined with the ideas of Web3, blockchain, and NFTs, this project unfolds a vision of forthcoming social constructs created by fluid, yet well-organized, communities.
In this work, we evaluate the state of the art of Web3 while seeking to provide developers with a clear understanding of the Web3 architecture. We seek to provide a cybersecurity-focused, practical, and up-to-date assessment of Web3, equipping developers with the knowledge necessary to utilize Web3 to enhance the security of their applications. We analyze the security advantages Web3 introduces over Web2 while critically evaluating its limitations. Through an in-depth analysis of the security of Web3 applications, this work provides practical insights to developers on creating Web3 applications. Our analysis provides a framework Web3 application that emphasizes the unique security benefits of Web3. Overall, we found that the Web3 architecture offers inherent cybersecurity benefits such as increased data control and security, identity management, and data inventory management, and reducing the risk of cyber attacks for platform providers.
Sagar Naik, Mysore S. Pavan, Vadapally Praveen Kumar, A. Pavan Kumar · 6 authors
This paper proposes a blockchain banking operation that uses Ethereum smart contracts to apply secure and transparent decentralized bank on blockchain. Druggies can choose either their bank account or their blockchain DApp accounts, which allows perfect deposit transfer and inflow between these channels. At the heart of this perpetration is a reliability smart contract called the “Bank Contract”, which has been precisely developed for securely handling stoner data and sale operations. Abiding on the Ethereum Network, this contract introduced strong erected-in security features by way of cryptographic mechanisms, and interacts with the operation using the Python WEB3 API allowing for effective communication. An easy-to-use stoner interface, erected on top of a django web garcon, allows for simple deposit finances, check balances and transfer. This app harnesses the statutory benefits of blockchain technology, making it largely risk minimizing which means by avoiding all issues associated with normal banking systems via transparent sale records and empirical fiscal histories. It also acts as a zealous disruptive force in the fiscal sector by barring the old-fashioned banking system and replacing it with new- word goods which is always attainable due to its decentralized structure.
Mint-Verse is a next-generation NFT marketplace designed to provide users with a seamless and immersive experience in buying, selling, and creating non-fungible tokens. The platform leverages blockchain technology to ensure transparency, security, and authenticity of digital assets, making it a trusted and decentralized ecosystem for digital creators and collectors. It offers a range of advanced features, including a dynamic NFT slider with countdown timers, an interactive bidding system, and a secure transaction page where users can purchase NFTs and receive digital receipts. The platform supports multiple sign-up methods, allowing users to create accounts easily and manage their profiles efficiently. A dedicated wallet section enables users to track their transactions, view their NFT collections, and manage digital assets with ease. Mint-Verse also introduces Mint-gram, an Instagram-like feature where users can showcase their NFT collections, interact with others, and engage with the growing NFT community. The platform further enhances creative possibilities by providing an NFT generation tool, allowing users to mint their own NFTs with customized attributes, ensuring flexibility and creative freedom. User experience is a core focus of Mint-Verse, incorporating an intuitive and aesthetically pleasing interface with animated loaders, a dynamic mouse cursor, interactive buttons, and real-time updates for a smooth and engaging browsing experience. Additional features such as a like button for NFTs, a contact section with email functionality, and a logout option contribute to a seamless and user-friendly navigation system. Built using the MERN stack, including MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js, Mint-Verse ensures high performance, scalability, and efficiency. By integrating cutting-edge blockchain solutions, the platform aims to bridge the gap between artists, collectors, and investors by providing a decentralized, feature-rich, and user-friendly NFT marketplace. Mint-Verse envisions a future-proof digital ecosystem that empowers users to securely trade, create, and collect NFTs while embracing the evolving Web3 landscape, setting new standards for innovation in the digital asset industry.
Decentralized trust frameworks represent a fundamental transformation in cross-enterprise integration, addressing longstanding challenges in business-to-business interactions. These frameworks leverage Web3 technologies, specifically, Distributed Ledger Technology, Decentralized Identifiers, and Verifiable Credentials to establish inherent trust between organizations without relying on centralized intermediaries. Through cryptographic verification mechanisms, organizations gain enhanced security, verifiable data provenance, reduced reconciliation overhead, and improved operational resilience. The architectural components include a decentralized identity layer providing 99.98% authentication accuracy, credential exchange mechanisms enabling selective disclosure with 99.87% privacy preservation, shared ledger infrastructure ensuring immutable audit trails, and enterprise integration components bridging with existing systems. Implementation patterns such as credential-based API authorization, event-triggered credential issuance, ledger-anchored business processes, and credential-based data exchange deliver substantial improvements in security posture and operational efficiency. Despite significant benefits including 87.3% security enhancement and 73.4% reduction in reconciliation efforts, adoption challenges remain around technical complexity, standards maturity, legacy system integration, and governance frameworks. By addressing these challenges through phased implementation focusing on high-value integration points, organizations can gradually transform their integration landscape toward more secure, transparent, and resilient models that fundamentally change how trust is established in digital business ecosystems.
This study proposes an innovative private blockchain-based solution to improve medical emergency management in Senegal, especially in the context of road accidents that cause around 700 deaths per year. Faced with the major challenges of the Senegalese healthcare system—namely the lack of fast access to critical medical information for victims and the non-compliance with standards by 94% of Emergency Reception Services—our approach implements a technical architecture adapted to local constraints. The developed system integrates a three-level hierarchical access control, enabling secure and efficient management of emergency medical data while ensuring confidentiality. Based on Ganache and Web3.js technologies, our solution facilitates instant access to essential information such as blood type, allergies, and ongoing treatments, while guaranteeing complete traceability of access through the blockchain. The results show a significant improvement in emergency response time and better coordination among the different players in the rescue chain. This approach is part of the Ministry of Health’s 2022-2026 national strategic plan and offers a concrete solution to modernize Senegal’s healthcare system, paving the way for similar applications in other African countries facing comparable challenges.