Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
1,173 results · page 37 of 49
Justin Sunny, Naveen Undralla, V. Madhusudanan Pillai
No abstract is available for this record.
Clara Walsh, Philip O’Reilly, Rob Gleasure, John McAvoy · 5 authors
Blockchain technology has received much attention in the media and there is an increasing interest amongst organizations within financial services due to the potential benefits. As blockchain-based systems are a nascent technology, the requirements of the technology need to be understood, to allow blockchain systems to be successfully integrated within financial service organizations. There are gaps in academic research in understanding how managers evaluate the value of a blockchain-based system. This study develops a model to explain manager resistance to implementing blockchain-based systems in financial services organizations. This research advances the theoretical understanding of managers’ perspectives on blockchain-based systems and models their resistance to blockchain technology.
Zhuoyi Zhao, K. Jo Min
Various perishable agricultural products are recalled due to harmful health risks. Blockchain has been used to reduce the amount of such products wasted and disposed. Specifically, a supply chain with a wholesaler, a retailer, and customers is considered where the retailer decides when to switch from a conventional supply chain information management system (SCIMS) to a blockchain-based SCIMS. This article models the uncertain customers' demand as a geometric Brownian motion process and shows how to obtain the optimal demand threshold above which the switch occurs and the corresponding expected time. Next, the model is extended by incorporating two types of government subsidies (i.e., a fixed subsidy on the switching cost and a variable subsidy per unit demand). Through sensitivity analysis and numerical studies, the impacts of key parameters on the optimal demand threshold and expected time of switching are presented. Finally, managerial insights and policy implications are derived.
Juanjuan Yang, Xiuming Ma, Rubén González Crespo, Óscar Sanjuán Martínez
Abstract The trend of digitalization uses modern relationship models across global supply chain (SC) management. The main objective of this article is to identify SC current problems with the help of the knowledge sharing aspect using blockchain technology. This article addresses selected problems for managing modern SCs with a view to shared knowledge based on information management, effects of product and service on the quality of information, effects of consumer demands occurrences on information flow, outsourcing and globalization, and emerging threats to SCs by concerned parties. These problems are classified as concerns of confidentiality and trust, which are unable to share information among SC stakeholders due to a lack of data standards. To address these problems, a hybridized probabilistic performance and logistics framework (HPP‐LF) has been developed that defines the validity of blockchain to help companies throughout the design and deployment of potential blockchain solutions to address the information sharing issues between SC stakeholders. The proposed HPP‐LF results are compared with the existing PMOS, MIP, UTAUT, and ILOG techniques. The experimental result shows that the proposed method has better performance when compared with other existing systems.
Pankaj Dutta, Tsan‐Ming Choi, Surabhi Somani, Richa Butala
No abstract is available for this record.
Ling Li, Honggeng Zhou
No abstract is available for this record.
Fabian Dietrich, Ali Emre Turgut, Daniel Palm, Louis Louw
No abstract is available for this record.
Tao Li, Yuling Chen, Yanli Wang, Yilei Wang · 9 authors
Blockchain has been an emerging technology, which comprises lots of fields such as distributed systems and Internet of Things (IoT). As is well known, blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, whose initial motivation is derived from economic incentives. Therefore, lots of components of blockchain (e.g., consensus mechanism) can be constructed toward the view of game theory. In this paper, we highlight the combination of game theory and blockchain, including rational smart contracts, game theoretic attacks, and rational mining strategies. When put differently, the rational parties, who manage to maximize their utilities, involved in blockchain chose their strategies according to the economic incentives. Consequently, we focus on the influence of rational parties with respect to building blocks. More specifically, we investigate the research progress from the aspects of smart contract, rational attacks, and consensus mechanism, respectively. Finally, we present some future directions based on the brief survey with respect to game theory and blockchain.
Wee Kwan Albert Tan, Balan Sundarakani
Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for a freight consolidation company to adopt blockchain for the shipping community. Our research critically examine the challenges faced by a global shipping company that offer freight consolidation businesses and explore the use of Blockchain technology to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of freight booking operations. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a case study, ECU Worldwide, with focus on transforming their operations using blockchain technology for the freight booking industry. As the case is explorative in nature, the research aim to unearth the complex blockchain adoption phenomenon in the industry as the technology is very nascent at present. The research is primarily grounded on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory. Findings The research finds that blockchain technology supports solving many issues and inefficiencies of global shipping operations but there are some barriers that they need to overcome. The research provides a framework and recommendations for global company to consider when considering Blockchain technology for implementation. Our research finding shows that smart contracts can be set up at critical points along with the shipment route namely the storage, customs, carrier, transporters and consignee stage to ensure greater security and transparency. Research limitations/implications The research provides recommendations to key stakeholders involved in freight forwarding segment of logistics industry while adopting blockchain technology. Apart from the methodological limitation of the research, the research is limited to Singapore in terms of geographical coverage. Practical implications The drivers and barriers identified in the study can give practitioners insight of using blockchain for the industry. The proposed framework can assist companies in the shipping industry to prepare themselves to adopt blockchain for the community. Originality/value This case study is the first of its kind to examine the use of blockchain to explore the adoption in logistics Industry in Singapore and perhaps worldwide.
Matthias Kopyto, Sabrina Lechler, Heiko A. von der Gracht, Evi Hartmann
No abstract is available for this record.
Nishani Edirisinghe Vincent, Reza Barkhi
SUMMARY As companies begin to explore and develop technology solutions based on blockchain and smart contracts, there is a need to understand the impact of blockchain and smart contracts on the assessment of internal controls and enterprise risk. Especially since the distributed ledger and smart contracts blur the system boundaries between trading partners, there is a need to understand whether internal control assessments based on a single company approach is adequate in an integrated and collaborative environment. This paper provides an overview of smart contracts for practitioners and describes the associated risks of engaging in a blockchain consortium. We also list potential questions related to internal controls that may be considered when either engaging in a consortium or executing a smart contract. We then discuss whether current frameworks, specifically the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations' (COSO) integrated and COSO's Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) frameworks, adequately address a collaborative supply chain ecosystem.
Bin Shen, Xiaoyan Xu, Quan Yuan
No abstract is available for this record.
Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Muhammad Farhan, Osama Rizwan, Majid Hussain · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Samuel Fosso Wamba, Maciel M. Queiroz
The emergence of Industry 4.0 has brought in its wake an important number of challenges and opportunities for organisations across the globe. To cope with such a fast-changing environment, organisations have been steadily implementing different types of technologies, and at different stages. One of the most disruptive and promising technology is blockchain, and its potential to transform various aspects of organisations’ business and operations, including the supply chain relationships, is tremendous. In line with the global research trend in this domain, this paper proposes a multi-stage model of adoption (intention, adoption, and routinisation stages), for a better understanding of blockchain diffusion across supply chains. We drew on the diffusion of innovations theory, the resource-based view, dynamic capability, the technology adoption model, and the institutional theory to propose a multi-stage model. We validated the model using PLS-SEM, which was applied on data collected in India and the U.S. Our results showed that, from one country to another, there are essential differences in the variables that determine blockchain innovation and in the stage of diffusion. Additionally, our proposed model provided a good explanation at all stages of blockchain diffusion. This study offers significant and valuable contributions in terms of theory and management.
Son Nguyen, Shu‐Ling Chen, Yuquan Du
Purpose Although being considered for adoption by stakeholders in container shipping, application of blockchain is hindered by different factors. This paper investigates the potential operational risks of blockchain-integrated container shipping systems as one of such barriers. Design/methodology/approach Literature review is employed as the method of risk identification. Scientific articles, special institutional reports and publications of blockchain solution providers were included in an inclusive qualitative analysis. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was constructed and analyzed based on network topological metrics. Findings Twenty-eight potential risks and 47 connections were identified in three groups of initiative, transitional and sequel. The DAG analysis results reflect a relatively well-connected network of identified hazardous events (HEs), suggesting the pervasiveness of information risks and various multiple-event risk scenarios. The criticality of the connected systems' security and information accuracy are also indicated. Originality/value This paper indicates the changes of container shipping operational risk in the process of blockchain integration by using updated data. It creates awareness of the emerging risks, provides their insights and establishes the basis for further research.
Yajun Cai, Tsan‐Ming Choi, Juzhi Zhang
ABSTRACT Platform operations are very common in the sharing economy. Nowadays, retailers can sell the end‐of‐season product leftovers to platforms which offer product rental services to the market. Motivated by this observed industrial practice, we build stylized supply chain models to explore the platform supported supply chain operations. We uncover that the presence of the platform creates the “triple marginalization” problem in which supply chain coordination cannot be achieved even if the manufacturer is willing to supply at cost using the wholesale pricing contract. We show how the markdown sponsor (MS) contract can deal with the triple marginalization problem and achieve supply chain coordination. However, we illustrate that a moral hazard problem, in which the retailer has incentive to overclaim the amount of markdown sponsor, arises. We reveal that the moral hazard problem brings a loss to the manufacturer, an immoral gain for the retailer, and there is no impact on the platform and consumers. We analytically derive the impact of moral hazard (which means the loss to the manufacturer, and the gain for the retailer) and find that it relates to the markdown sponsor rate, as well as the degree of overclaiming. To overcome the moral hazard problem under MS contract, we propose measures such as the adoption of blockchain technology, and “discounted” markdown sponsor contract, to help. We also explore the implementations of other contracts to overcome the moral hazard, like virtual buyback with inventory reallocation contract, and wholesale pricing contract with side payments.
Tsan‐Ming Choi
Today, blockchain technology and its cryptocurrency function are widely proposed as a tool for supply chain finance and some companies already accept cryptocurrency in business transactions. However, supply chain agents may possess different risk attitudes towards the use of cryptocurrency. In this paper, we build stylised analytical three-echelon supply chain models to examine this issue. To be specific, we consider the case in which supply chain agents can be risk neutral, risk averse or risk prone towards the volatile value of cryptocurrency. We model these risk attitudes by using the mean-risk theory. In the main models, comparing the benefits of supply chain agents as well as consumers under the cases with and without blockchain and cryptocurrency, we analytically reveal the impacts brought by risk attitudes of supply chain agents in different echelons. We find the conditions under which implementing blockchain with cryptocurrency achieves an all-win situation for all supply chain agents and consumers. Critical factors which affect the adoption of blockchain with cryptocurrency in supply chains are further investigated. In the extended models, we consider two cases: (i) The case in which “not using blockchain with cryptocurrency” has an impact on consumer utility; and (ii) there is a chain-to-chain competition. We uncover that the main conclusion remains valid and new insights are also derived.
Mubbashar Altaf Khan, Mohsin M. Jamali, Taras Maksymyuk, Juraj Gazda
Cognitive radio (CR) technology offers the possibility of an increase in spectrum utilization efficiency to resolve the prevalent spectrum scarcity problem. The economic survival of secondary spectrum markets (SSMs) is heavily dependent on the sharing of both the licensed spectrum and spectrum infrastructure by primary licensed operators (PLOs). In this research, an automated pricing model using a blockchain token called the spectrum dollar has been implemented for secondary radio spectrum trade. The use of spectrum dollars enables noncash-based secondary spectrum trade among PLOs based on a floor-and-trade rule. The pricing of spectrum dollars and the associated revenue shares are based on the underlying secondary spectrum trading behaviours of PLOs. PLOs that do not contribute enough secondary spectra to the SSM (to satisfy demand) suffer a loss proportional to the difference between their earned revenues and the specified floor value in the SSM. The secondary spectrum trade is assumed to be centrally managed by a spectrum broker, which announces the floor value for each bidding period while ensuring nonnegative revenue for the market itself. The use of the spectrum dollar along with the floor-and-trade methodology eliminates the possibilities for economic malpractice by PLOs that could increase spectrum reuse costs. In addition, the floor value provides automatic regulatory control to ensure the economic viability and prevent the technological hijacking of future SSMs.
Yujie Ma, Gang Du, Jianxin Jiao
No abstract is available for this record.
Yeray Mezquita, Roberto Casado‐Vara, Alfonso González‐Briones, Javier Prieto · 5 authors
Abstract Logistics services involve a wide range of transport operations between distributors and clients. Currently, the large number of intermediaries are a challenge for this sector, as it makes all the processes more complicated. To face that problem, we propose a system that uses smart contracts to remove intermediaries and speed up logistics activities. Our new model combines smart contracts and a multi-agent system in a single platform to improve the current logistics system by increasing organization, security and getting rid of several human intermediaries to automate its processes, making distribution times significantly faster. Also, with this kind of approach, it is possible to apply penalties to parties that do not comply with the terms of using this platform.
Ayça Maden, S. Emre Alptekin
Blockchain practices have been attracting attention in industries other than financial services, since blockchain is not only an information technology, but also an institutional technology owing to its new currency economics and distributed structures. Today, supply chains, power, and food/agriculture have emerged as promising areas in terms of their potential to incorporate blockchain technology for improving processes and reducing costs. Logistics corporations, especially, have been concentrating on developing efficiency in integrated data, fleet management, and communication issues, to achieve cost advantages. Experts from a well-known logistics company in Turkey contributed to our study by helping to assess critical factors for successful blockchain technology implementation. Our research topic included determining whether blockchain technology is suitable for this company. Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) was used to determine and evaluate the critical factors to encourage blockchain technology adoption, based on the company’s requirements. For the company experts, the factors affecting the decision to adopt blockchain technology were, in order of priority: cryptocurrency, instant money transfer, privacy, real time processing, smart contract, security, authentication, transparency, immutability, traceability, distributed ledger, reduced delays, and peer-to-peer networks.
Jian Li, Shichao Zhu, Wen Zhang, Lean Yu
No abstract is available for this record.
Yuyan Li, Lan Wang
The blockchain technology developed in recent years is gradually applied in the supply chain. The application of this technology to the accounts receivable business model of supply chain finance can effectively solve the existing problems. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to actively explore the application of blockchain technology in the accounts receivable business model of supply chain finance. This article first briefly describes the development process, current situation and problems faced by the traditional accounts receivable business model of supply chain finance, and then analyzes the advantages of applying blockchain technology in supply chain finance to facilitate the establishment of supply chain financial credit system. Then this paper combines with the case of S platform of A Bank to analysis the problems of the accounts receivable business model of supply chain finance based on the blockchain technology, and finally provides suggestions for the application of blockchain in the accounts receivable business model of supply chain finance in the future.
Fran Casino, Venetis Kanakaris, Thomas K. Dasaklis, Socrates J. Moschuris · 7 authors
Traceability has become a critical element in supply chain management, particularly in safety-sensitive sectors like food, pharmaceuticals, etc. Upstream (manufacturers, producers, etc.) and downstream (distributors, wholesalers, etc.) supply chain members need to store and handle traceability-related information for providing proof of regulatory compliance to both state authorities and more demanding customers. Consumers also place high expectations on food supply chains (FSC) with specific emphasis on facets related to safety. However, the complexity of modern FSC networks and their fragmentation act as barriers for the development of sound traceability mechanisms. In this paper a distributed trustless and secure architecture for FSC traceability is developed and tested. For assessing the feasibility of the proposed approach, a food traceability case study from a dairy company is presented. The applicability of the model is further illustrated by the development of fully functional smart contracts and a local private blockchain. Moreover, the various links between the proposed blockchain-based model and its managerial implications are presented. The overall benefits of the proposed model are discussed along with fruitful areas for future research. The results are of significant value to both practitioners and researchers.