Blockchain has become an epidemic and significant decision that organizations may make in the next few years, enabling institutions to integrate business functions, operations, and processes in a decentralized distributed ledger technology. This technology will transform the business world and economy in solving the limitations created by centralization and system inefficiency. Accordingly, with the high demand and complexity of growing economies such as the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC countries, the need for a typical solution technology is a game changer. This will lead GCC to a solid economic base. Blockchain technology can be applicable in many different fields such as Banking, education, Health, finance, government and trade. This article will address the literature review and methodology of Blockchain technology and innovation at the GCC, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Also, more research can be conducted in the future as the system may be integrated in these countries.
In the current competitive scenario, everyday new technology is coming. With the latest advancement in technology, blockchain technology has emerged. It has many advantages and applications in various areas such as cryptocurrencies, banking and financial services, many internet things, managing risk etc. There are many researches that were conducted in the concerned area, but there is no research that has conducted to understand the application of this technology and also summarizing the future trends. This article is focusing on the application of blockchain technology in different areas and also understanding the future opportunities that will be opened in different areas due to this technology. As it says blockchain is made up of two different words: block and chain. Here, block is referred to as the small units of individual transactions done in the cryptocurrency via many of computers across the globe. While chain is referred to as the linkage of all the network computers that combines all the transactions and forms a ledger of all the records. So, from here we come to know blockchain is the record of all the small units of transactions done on the cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, just like a ledger, on a particular network that is connected with all the computers performing these transactions. Blockchain technology is emerging technology just like artificial intelligence (AI). As AI is creating a huge difference in the current scenarios and in different sectors, likewise, blockchain is creating impacts and getting different sectors revaluated. In this chapter, we are not talking about the whole situation or sector we can say on which blockchain is creating its impact. Rather, the main focus is on the IT sector in which the blockchain technology is creating a huge revaluation on. So, here we discuss the following revaluation that blockchain creates on IT.
Recently, Blockchain technology has attracted great attention in both private organisations and the public sector around the world. However, not many are aware and understand this new technology. Thus, lack of understanding of the Blockchain technology could influence the intention in adopting the technology. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the behaviour intention towards adopting Blockchain Technology in the Malaysian Public Sector. Data were gathered using a questionnaire to analyse the relationship between factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions and Trust with Behavioural Intention to adopt Blockchain Technology. The data were gathered from 100 officers in various government department. The survey revealed that majority of the government officers are aware about the Blockchain technology. However, most of them have inadequate exposure and knowledge about the technology. Findings from the regression analysis found that Trust, Performance Expectancy and Social Influence positively and significantly influence the behaviour intention of government officers in adopting Blockchain technology. Meanwhile, Effort Expectancy and Facilitating Conditions were found not significant. The findings from this study suggest that it is essential to develop strategies to implement a suitable Blockchain application in the public sector. Prior to such implementation, it is imperative for government officers to be equipped with knowledge, skills and resources related to the Blockchain technology.
Daeheon Choi, Chune Young Chung, Thou Seyha, Jason Young
From a supply chain perspective, new technologies such as blockchain can improve the efficiency and competitiveness of logistics and increase customer satisfaction. Although blockchain technology has been lauded as a way for firms to build sustainable supply chain networks, the rate of acceptance of this technology remains low. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the factors that discourage firms from merging blockchain with the supply chain. Instead of providing further reasons for adopting blockchain technology, we try to understand what deters firms from adding blockchain to their operations. Following the deductive approach, a confirmatory factor analysis is conducted on pre-test questionnaires to test, improve, and verify the constructs (questions) to measure the hypothesized factors. A theoretical model is proposed based on the hypotheses, and structural equation modeling is applied. The results are estimated using the partial least squares approach and a sample of 83 respondents. Our findings based on our empirical data support most of our hypotheses. We find that various factors impede the adoption of blockchain technologies, including technological barriers, constraints rooted in organizations and the environment, and system-related governmental barriers. In addition, various factors are critical determinants of resistance to blockchain in the technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the hitherto unexplored strategic potentialities of blockchain as an intangible resource for open and distance learning (ODL) to attain and sustain competitive advantage by creating a more learner centric learning ecosystem. Design/methodology/approach Research design included review of the literature, desk research and case analyses to conduct this study so that the hitherto unexplored strategic potentialities of blockchain, a technological innovation, for ODL could be explored adequately. Findings The findings of the paper reveal that ODL must not miss out on the opportunity of harnessing the hitherto unexplored strategic potentialities of blockchain in its quest of attaining and sustain competitiveness vis-a-vis conventional system of learning. Results of this study sufficiently hint at the possible viability of considering blockchain as a strategic resource for ODL. Practical implications Results of this study sufficiently indicate the possible viability of considering blockchain as a strategic resource for ODL which in turn make them significant for decision-makers and policymakers engaged in developing ODL. Findings hint that ODL needs to make efforts to harness the strategic potentialities of blockchain for attaining and sustaining competitiveness which would also be helpful for ODL to contribute towards achievement of sustainable development goals. This paper attempts to provide a strategic viewpoint to the use of this technological innovation as a significant intangible resource discussing primarily the strategic perspectives of blockchain helpful in the further development of ODL. Originality/value Although uses of blockchain-enabled applications in ODL are relatively new, the growth is very fast. The present paper offers originality and value by filling the gap created by the inadequacies of studies focusing on the idiosyncratic characteristics including but not limited to decentralization and security of blockchain. Findings suggest that blockchain offers huge potentialities in terms of benefits for entire ODL ecosystem comprising different stakeholders such as institutions, learners, educators, etc.
Construction industry are facing trust and transparency issue that has caused loose collaboration among stakeholders. Blockchain technology is found as one of the disrupting digital technology that can response to the problems faced. Recent paper reviews on blockchain application in construction industry are still lacking concrete and not up to state-of-the-art applications. The aim of the paper was therefore to discover how blockchain technology can disrupt construction industry. Two research objectives were established to identify the potential areas blockchain could disrupt construction industry and to identify future research direction of blockchain in construction industry. This study presented systematic mapping study and content analysis of 57 papers from three high quality scientific databases and google scholar. The findings identified six potential areas for blockchain application in construction industry, where supply chain management, building information modelling and contract management are the 3 major aspects highly focussed. Future research may concentrate on developing simulation models, conduct case studies on the real life blockchain applications in construction project, and focus on the blockchain application on the existing systems that are currently in use in construction industry. Other recommendations can be found at discussion of the study.
Utilization of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) provides increasing demands on decreasing traffic congestions, transportation safety, and environmental problems as well as increasing transportation capacity. Over the past few years, one of the most disruptive and transformational technologies, blockchain technology, has emerged. As a result of offering more security, privacy, traceability, transparency, and decentralized authority, the utilization of blockchain technology in ITS have increased drastically. Despite this increase, there is a lack of a good understanding of what are the Critical Success Factors (CSF) to support IT providers for designing their products properly, and to provide industry leaders to focus on the main drivers of their outstanding projects. This study aims to explore and analyze CSFs that can facilitate the success of blockchain-based ITS, which has so far been neglected despite its remarkable relevance. In doing so, eleven primary studies, identified as a result of conducting a systematic literature review (SLR), were taken as a baseline to develop the model of CSFs. Additionally, since the number of existing studies related to CSFs for blockchain and ITS are limited, an expert panel was formed to evaluate and contribute to the model. The developed model of CSF for blockchain-based ITS, having a comprehensive approach, consists of 29 CSFs defined under five main contexts, namely technical, management, governance, quality of service, and quality of life. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-SP1-03 Full Text: PDF
Blockchain will increase supply chains' productivity and accountability, and have a positive effect on anything from warehousing to distribution to payment. To bridge the supply chain visibility gap, blockchain is being deployed because of its security features like immutability, tamper-resistant and hash proof. Blockchain integration with IoT increases the traceability and verifiability of the supply chain management and drastically eradicates the fraudulent activities including bribery, money laundering, forged checks, sanction violations, misrepresentation of goods and services. Blockchain can help to cross-check the verification, identification and authenticity of IoT devices to reduce the frequency and ramifications of fraud in supply chain management. The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted many global supply chains. The Geneva-based World Economic Forum declared that SARS-CoV-2 exposed supply chain failures can be tackled by blockchain technology. This paper explores the modern methodologies of supply chain management with integration of blockchain and IoT.
Blockchain technology has become one of the emerging technologies set to disrupt the maritime industry. Maritime companies are increasingly exploring to adopt blockchain to stay ahead of competition. However, studies on blockchain applications in the maritime sector have been scarce and most of them are confined to a specific sector like the maritime shipping sector. Therefore, this study is motivated to provide a thorough analysis of blockchain applications from the perspectives of different sectors in the industry. It also aims to develop a novel conceptual framework to provide a holistic view of blockchain adoption in the industry and guide future research. The implication analysis of blockchain adoption indicates that for industry organisations, a good understanding of blockchain and their own specific problems and requirements is key before adopting the technology. For government agencies, technical code for blockchain can be utilised to govern blockchain innovation with the same effects as legal code. Lastly, recommendations are provided to various maritime stakeholders to seize the emerging opportunities provided by blockchain and mitigate relevant risks.
The construction industry has long been challenged for embracing the opportunities presented by emerging technologies to improve its productivity. This study aims to examine the readiness of the construction industry toward the adoption of blockchain technology (BT) and discusses how this disruptive technology could revolutionize for high productivity. This study has involved the approach of phenomenology with six-experienced professionals for understanding the readiness of the construction industry to adopt BT. After this, the study identifies the sequential procedural steps required for the successful implementation of blockchain solutions for application within the construction industry. The results revealed how BT can help the construction industry to achieve high productivity taking situational instances of Payments in Project Management (PPM), Procurements in Supply Chain Management (PSCM), and Building Information Modeling (BIM) using Smart Asset Management (SAM). This study contributes to the designing of effective and practical steps to realize its fast adoption.
Yudi Fernando, Mohd Ridzuan Darun, Ahmed Zainul Abideen, Daing Nasir Ibrahim · 6 authors
The fast-growing number of Halal integrity issues has attracted the scholar's debate on improving integrity in practicing the Halal supply chain. To investigate how firms comply with Halal procedures in supply chain may not possibly provide much potential research gaps. The application of technology in improving Halal supply chain management on blockchain technology should be given urgent priority. The aim of this chapter is to explore the possibility to integrate blockchain technology to improve the use of Halal supply chain management. Blockchain technology will help the Halal based oriented firm in the supply chain to trace the source of the raw materials, products, labeling information, and Halal product distribution to strengthen the supply chain networks. Blockchain technology-driven Halal supply chain shall overcome and surpass issues related to Halal integrity and certifications which could also have an impact globally.
Abstract This research explores blockchain as a competitive advantage (CA) for higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines. The respondents’ awareness of the relevance of blockchain use was also tested. The researcher aims to verify if blockchain is a foundational technology to be implemented in academe. Theoretical framework was formulated based on the knowledge procurement cycle and distributed learning ledger. The researcher proposes that conceptual framework, centered on blockchain (Ethereum), will enhance recordkeeping in education. Frequency, percentage, and weighted mean determined the degree of relevance of blockchain as CA of Philippine HEIs. One-way ANOVA determined respondents’ significant relationship (SR) with regard to blockchain awareness and identified SR of blockchain as CA over other colleges in terms of cost and differentiation. The results showed that students were most aware of the relevance of blockchain while professors were least aware. Both null hypotheses were accepted. There is no SR on the respondents’ awareness on the use of blockchain. Respondents considered technology relevant and a foundational technology in recordkeeping. The research proposes EduChain Activity Flow Model to enhance recordkeeping in the academe. It will offer ample job opportunities to students in the field of blockchain. Also, the researcher suggests that administrators may incorporate blockchain training as part of faculty development. This research will pave the way for future researchers to study other aspects of blockchain in education. Keywords: blockchain, blockchain technology, EduChain Activity Flow Model
Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi, Jong Han Yoon, Nishant Dass
In the supply chain, information sharing is critical for facilitating decision making, accelerating the schedule, reducing costs, and enhancing the final quality of the project. However, information sharing is challenging in the construction supply chain when information asymmetry could help certain individuals avoid liability or help others maximize their profits by using substandard materials. In this environment, the stakeholders may not truly trust one another and may be reluctant to share complete information. Even though several studies have emphasized the importance of trust for information sharing, few studies have focused on promoting trust and verifying information using technology. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of Blockchain technology for establishing a trust-enhanced environment with distributed trust that will benefit the construction supply chain. This paper presents three logical scenarios for the application of Blockchain technology in information-sharing systems in order to demonstrate that the technology helps establish a trust-enhanced environment for reliable information sharing while eliminating counterfeiting and reducing bullwhip effect. These scenarios will demonstrate the value of Blockchain-based information sharing in the construction supply chain and possibly provide direction for future research with greater depth and specificity.
Tan Gürpinar, Sophie Harre, Michael Henke, Farah Saleh
Purpose: Supply chain networks face an increasing demand to integrate globally distributedcustomers and suppliers. As supply chain processes are deemed to lack sufficienttransparency and security, blockchain solutions are piloted to offer an IT infrastructurecovering these needs. This paper aims to bring current projects one stepfurther and evolves a model for integrating blockchain solutions into supply chainprocesses. Methodology: In order to get an overview of existing models for technology integration,an exploratory research study is conducted. In addition, requirements for thespecific integration of blockchain solutions are gathered and categorized in a systematiccontent analysis. Based on these requirements, the models are evaluated,compared and utilized for the development of a new model. Findings: Since none of the presented models fully meet the specific blockchainbasedrequirements, the existing models must be further developed. Specifically, increasesin the number of supply chain partners and external stakeholders involvedin blockchain-based systems are not supported by current models, and need to beintegrated systematically. Originality: In this paper, an integration model is developed that is particularly suitablefor blockchain integration into supply chain processes. In order to give startingpoints for a validation of the model, a case study is conducted in the field of blockchain-based payment gateway solutions.
Raja Wasim Ahmad, Khaled Salah, Raja Jayaraman, Ibrar Yaqoob · 6 authors
<div><b>Objectives: </b>Telehealth and telemedicine systems aim to deliver remote healthcare services to mitigate the spread of COVID‐19. Also, they can help to manage scarce healthcare resources to control the massive burden of COVID-19 patients in hospitals. However, a large portion of today's telehealth and telemedicine systems are centralized and fall short of providing necessary information security and privacy, operational transparency, health records immutability, and traceability to detect frauds related to patients' insurance claims and physician credentials.</div><div><b>Methods: </b>The current study has explored the potential opportunities and adaptability challenges for blockchain technology in telehealth and telemedicine sector. It has explored the key role that blockchain technology can play to provide necessary information security and privacy, operational transparency, health records immutability, and traceability to detect frauds related to patients' insurance claims and physician credentials.</div><div><b>Results: </b>Blockchain technology can improve telehealth and telemedicine services by offering remote healthcare services in a manner that is decentralized, tamper-proof, transparent, traceable, reliable, trustful, and secure. It enables health professionals to accurately identify frauds related to physician educational credentials and medical testing kits commonly used for home-based diagnosis.</div><div><b>Conclusions: </b>Wide deployment of blockchain in telehealth and telemedicine technology is still in its infancy. Several challenges and research problems need to be resolved to enable the widespread adoption of blockchain technology in telehealth and telemedicine systems.</div><div> </div><div><br></div>
Through a systematic review of publications in reputed peer-reviewed journals, this paper investigates the role of blockchain technology in sustainable supply chain management. It uses the What, Who, Where, When, How, and Why (5W+1H) pattern to formulate research objectives and questions. The review considers publications since 2015, and it includes 187 papers published in 2017, 2018, 2019, and the early part of 2020, since no significant publications were found in the year 2015 or 2016 on this subject. It proposes a reusable classification framework—emerging technology literature classification level (ETLCL) framework—based on grounded theory and the technology readiness level for conducting literature reviews in various focus areas of an emerging technology. Subsequently, the study uses ETLCL to classify the literature on our focus area. The results show traceability and transparency as the key benefits of applying blockchain technology. They also indicate a heightened interest in blockchain-based information systems for sustainable supply chain management starting since 2017. This paper offers invaluable insights for managers and leaders who envision sustainability as an essential component of their business. The findings demonstrate the disruptive power and role of blockchain-based information systems. Given the relative novelty of the topic and its scattered literature, the paper helps practitioners examining its various aspects by directing them to the right information sources.
Abstract The explosive epidemic of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has exposed the constraints in health care systems to handle public health emergencies. It's evident that adopting innovative technologies reminiscent of blockchain will facilitate in eective designing operations and resource deployments. Within the health care sector to improve the information management system by reducing delays in regulative approvals, communication between dierent stakeholders of the chain with the help of blockchain technology. To ensure authenticity of the information collected from public and government agencies, blockchain based system plays an important role. This paper tends to review implementation of blockchain application and opportunities in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. To trace according information involving in recent cases, deaths and recovered cases maintaining through blockchain storage system that has been proposed and implemented blockchain system based on Ethereum smart contract. An interactive model and respective algorithm has been explained with detailed analysis on information integrity, security, transparency and traceability.
Yawar Abbas, Alberto Martinetti, Jan-jaap Moerman, Ton Hamberg · 5 authors
This study explores the potential of blockchain technology in enhancing trust among the stakeholders responsible for the maintenance of rolling stock. Although the technology has been widely successful in the financial sector, it is still novel in the maintenance field. Given the customized nature of maintenance processes, it is unclear if a suitable consensus protocol can be identified that can enhance trust among stakeholders. This problem is investigated through the lens of the Design Science Research Methodology. First, the theoretical background of blockchain technology and its role in enhancing trust are explained, followed by the analysis of a current case at a Railway company to test the proof of concept. A business network archive is developed for the maintenance management of the sliding step of the train door system. The archive encompasses the business logic and transactional data required to enhance trust among stakeholders in the quality of performed maintenance. The developed archive is deployed on Hyperledger Fabric and the effectiveness of the solution is evaluated through a survey. The results show that the developed business network, deployed on a customized Hyperledger Fabric consensus protocol, enhanced trust among the stakeholders involved.