Mohammad Dabbagh, Mehdi Sookhak, Nader Sohrabi Safa
Blockchain as emerging technology is revolutionizing several industries, and its abundant privileges have opened up a bunch of research directions in various industries; thereby, it has acquired many interests from the research community. The rapid evolution of blockchain research papers in recent years has resulted in a need to conduct research studies that investigate a detailed analysis of the current body of knowledge in this field. To address this need, a few review papers have been published to report the latest accomplishments and challenges of blockchain technology from different perspectives. Nonetheless, there has not been any bibliometric analysis of the state of the art in blockchain where Web of Science (WoS) has been taken into consideration as a literature database. Hence, a thorough analysis of the current body of knowledge in blockchain research through a bibliometric study would be needed. In this paper, we performed a bibliometric analysis of all Blockchainโs conference papers, articles, and review papers that have been indexed byWoS from 2013 to 2018. We have analyzed those collected papers against five research questions. The results revealed some valuable insights, including yearly publications and citations trends, hottest research areas, top-ten influential papers, favorite publication venues, and most supportive funding bodies. The findings of this paper offer several implications that can be used as a guideline by both fresh and experienced researchers to establish a baseline before initiating a blockchain research project in the future.
Toqeer Ali Syed, Ali Alzahrani, Salman Jan, Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui ยท 6 authors
In the past few years, the implementation of blockchain technology for various applications has been widely discussed in the research community and the industry. There are sufficient number of articles that discuss the possibility of applying blockchain technology in various areas, such as, healthcare, IoT, and business. However, in this article, we present a comparative analysis of core blockchain architecture, its fundamental concepts, and its applications in three major areas: the Internet-of-Things (IoT), healthcare, business and vehicular industry. For each area, we discuss in detail, challenges and solutions that have been proposed from the research community and industry. This research studies also presented the complete ecosystem of blockchain of all the papers we reviewed and summarized. Moreover, analysis is performed of various blockchain platforms, their consensus models, and applications. Finally, we discuss key aspects that are required for the widespread future adoption of blockchain technology in these major areas.
Originally conceived as a mechanism to enable a trustless cryptocurrency-Bitcoin, blockchain has since unbound itself from its original purpose as an increasing number of industries and stakeholders' eye the technology as an attractive alternative to solve existing business solutions as well as disrupt mature industries. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the blockchain technology, tracking its increase in popularity in relation to similar technologies, such as cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin. The objective of this paper is to identify the current standing of the blockchain technology within the literature while also identifying the major fields of study and areas of application for which blockchain offers a valuable solution. This paper finds that unique features to the blockchain, such as privacy, security, anonymity, decentralization, and immutability, provide valuable benefits to various fields and subjects. This paper also finds that exploring the application of blockchain has only begun with some limited studies in areas, such as the Internet of Things, energy, finance, healthcare, and government, that also stand to benefit disproportionately from its implementation.
Financial Technology (FinTech) is considered a taxonomy that describes a wide range of ICT (information and communications technology) associated with financial transactions and related operations. Improvement of service quality is the main issue addressed in this taxonomy, and there are a large number of emerging technologies including blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. Due to its innovative nature in accounting, blockchain can also be used in lots of other FinTech contexts where token models play an important role for financial engineering. This paper revisits some of the key concepts accumulated behind this trend, and shows a generalized understanding of the technology using an adapted stochastic process. With a focus on financial instruments using blockchain, research directions toward stable applications are identified with the help of a newly proposed stabilizer: interpretation function of token valuation. The idea of adapted stochastic process is essential for the stabilizer, too.
Blockchain is a network-based technical solution for a set of distributed ledgers that are collectively maintained through decentralization and trustlessness. A smart contract is the most representative application of the blockchain from the 1.0 stage to the 2.0 stage, and it plays an important role in the construction of decentralized applications. According to the characteristics of blockchain without center and trustlessness, this article designs a commodity transaction smart contract based on blockchain technology. The release and execution of the smart contract in this article is implemented on the Ethereum private chain, and the transfer and payment functions of Ethereum are executed through the lightweight wallet plug-in Metamask of the Chrome browser. The execution of the smart contract is tested in the test network, and the operation of the smart contract is completed in the form of gas payment. Gas is the calculation work measurement for executing transactions in Ethereum, and there is a conversion relationship with Ether. The more Gas is paid when each contract is executed, the higher the chance of being packaged and stored first. The transaction model proposed in this paper realizes the decentralization of the system, the transaction and contact information is open, transparent, and non-tamperable, and the contract is automatically stored and executed. This design can greatly increase the transaction speed and gradually reach the performance of a centralized network. And providing an enterprise-level blockchain operating system makes application development and deployment easier.
Irina Y. Glazkova, Dorota Kozioล-Kaczorek, Sergey Shmatko
Digital technologies have a number of advantages that contribute to the development of the economy and make it more transparent. Some of the main features of modern digital technologies are speeding up business processes, reducing costs, eliminating the possibility of fraud, ensuring the transparency of the system and the ability to check and analyze the system. Regardless of whether a commercial or government organization uses the technology, in any case, there is a wide range of possibilities of its application. One of these technologies is blockchain. A blockchain is a distributed database in which storage devices are not connected to a shared server. This database stores an ever-growing list of ordered records called blocks. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to the previous block. The article defines a smart contract, describes the main areas of its application and provides processes similar to smart contracts, but working outside the blockchain. We also consider some of the risks that arise when working with smart contracts.
Cryptocurrency blockchain technology is attracting worldwide attention, and the number of initial coin offerings (ICOs) is increasing rapidly. This new economic trend, called cryptoeconomics, can program human behavior through incentive design. A cryptocurrency-based incentive system is not only transparent, but also allows businesses to substitute initial investment costs with cryptocurrency tokens until they are on a sustainable growth trajectory in terms of network effects. This study aims to propose a process for building a desirable model of a token economy, based on the case of Steemitโa blogging and social networking website that is creating high values due to its efficient token economy model. We suggest the following design process of a token economy model: (1) Determine token-business fit, (2) determine the chance of success, (3) determine the properties of token, (4) give tokens intrinsic value, (5) establish strategies to raise token value, (6) establish operational strategies of token economy system, (7) establish strategies for token liquidation, and (8) continue modifying the operational base. Considering cryptoeconomics is still at an early stage, it is expected that the guidelines on the token economy model suggested in this paper will lay a significant foundation for the development of cryptoeconomics research.
Blockchain ou Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) apresenta uma onda de disrupรงรฃo causada pela tecnologia havendo enormes oportunidades de desenvolvimento futuro. ร uma das invenรงรตes fundamentais na histรณria da ciรชncia da computaรงรฃo. Apresenta um elemento faltante na Internet que รฉ um protocolo de confianรงa. Analisando as principais fontes de referรชncias em pesquisas sobre blockchain e de 81 artigos sobre o tรณpico na base web of science no perรญodo entre 2016 e 2018. Foram analisados aspectos das principais fontes da literatura, autores, mรฉtodos de pesquisa, paรญses, redes de pesquisas, entre outros. Foi utilizado mรฉtodo bibliomรฉtrico e de text analytics para o seu desenvolvimento. Diversos pacotes do software R foram utilizados em codificaรงรฃo prรณpria. Analisou-se progresso atual da tecnologia blockchain, suas limitaรงรตes e tendรชncias futuras. A pesquisa mostra que a pesquisa domรฉstica sobre o blockchain estรก em sua infรขncia. Muitas das pesquisas internacionais ainda usam como case a anรกlise qualitativa. Tรณpicos como moeda digital, Fintechs e o risco da tecnologia blockchain serรฃo o foco de pesquisas futuras.
The recent hype about blockchain technology and its abilities has led to a reconsideration of existing structures in the field of finance. With a bigger focus on efficient transaction processing, interaction and automation, the underlying concept of a distributed ledger has also showed feasibility for a much broader field. For this reason, the objective of this article lies in a first evaluation of this technology for blockchain-driven supply chains by taking a closer look at potential use cases and existing applications, particularly supply chain operations and trade finance. By aligning all relevant data streams on a digital scale, it is possible not only to make trading processes significantly more functional, but also to improve regulatory control through elimination of redundant practices. A digital, autonomous, decentralized, and distributed network would be applicable to a countless number of services. The initial concept for trade finance provides here a foundation to close the gap between vague assumptions and practical contributions in supply chain management.
The challenge that journalism is facing these days in the Internet mobile environment is greater than ever before. Journalism is losing its revenue structure to platform operators favoring a certain markets, and also the trust of its readers in light of fake news and infected news. To alleviate this situation, we propose a blockchain technology that is applicable to journalism in order to achieve decentralization as a reasonable alternative. The journalism model based on hybrid blockchain aims to achieve the following: the delivery of articles with sharing value, what we call proof of sharing; the distribution of roles of personalized agenda settings; and finally, the use of agora to collect public opinions. With all these, we attempt to resolve the issues with current journalism with our proposed model based on blockchain.
This review presents and evaluates various formalisms for the purpose of modelling the semantics of financial derivatives contracts. The formalism proposed by Lee is selected as the best candidate among those initially reviewed. Further examination and evaluation of this formalism is done.