Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) play a vital role in enabling smart transportation systems by facilitating communication between vehicles. However, existing vehicular announcement systems face two major challenges: preserving user privacy and motivating users to share reliable traffic information. In this paper, we propose CreditCoin, a privacy-presing blockchain-based incentive announcement network. The system utilizes an anonymous vehicular announcement aggregation protocol combined with blockchain technology to ensure secure, tamper-resistant, and decentralized communication. Users can broadcast traffic updates anonymously while earning incentives for participation, thereby improving network reliability. A Trace Manager enables conditional privacy by identifying malicious users without compromising honest participants. The proposed system is implemented using Python, Web3, and a simulated VANET environment. Experimental results demonstrate improved efficiency, reduced computation time, and enhanced data reliability compared to traditional approaches. This work contributes toward secure and incentive-driven communication in smart transportation systems. In this paper, we propose CreditCoin, a privacy-preserving blockchain-based incentive announcement network. The system utilizes an anonymous vehicular announcement aggregation protocol combined with blockchain technology to ensure secure, tamper-resistant, and decentralized communication. Users can broadcast traffic updates anonymously while earning incentives for participation, thereby improving network reliability. A Trace Manager enables conditional privacy by identifying malicious users without compromising honest participants. Keywords— VANET; Blockchain; Privacy Preservation; Incentive Mechanism; Smart Vehicles; CreditCoin
The state-of-the-art mobile edge applications are generating intense traffic and posing rigorous latency requirements to service providers. While resource sharing across multiple service providers can be a way to maximize the utilization of limited resources at the network edge, it requires a centralized repository maintained by all parties for service providers to share status. Moreover, service providers have to trust each other for resource allocation fairness, which is difficult because of potential conflicts of interest. We propose EdgeChain, a blockchain-based architecture to make mobile edge application placement decisions for multiple service providers. We first formulate a stochastic programming problem minimizing the placement cost for mobile edge application placement scenarios. Based on our model, we present a heuristic mobile edge application placement algorithm. As a decentralized public ledger, the blockchain then takes the logic of our algorithm as the smart contract, with the consideration of resources from all mobile edge hosts participating in the system. The algorithm is agreed by all parties and the results will only be accepted by majority of the mining nodes on the blockchain. When a placement decision is made, an edge host meeting the consumer's latency and budget requirements will be selected at the lowest cost. All placement transactions are stored on the blockchain and are traceable by every mobile edge service provider and application vendor who consumes resources at the mobile edge.
Hany F. Atlam, Ahmed Alenezi, Raid Khalid Hussein, Gary Wills
The Internet of Things (IoT) has spread into multiple dimensions that incorporate different physical and virtual things. These things are connected together using different communication technologies to provide unlimited services. These services help not only to improve the quality of our daily lives, but also to provide a communication platform for increasing object collaboration and information sharing. Like all new technologies, the IoT has many security challenges that stand as a barrier to the successful implementation of IoT applications. These challenges are more complicated due to the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of IoT systems. However, authentication and access control models can be used to address the security issue in the IoT. To increase information sharing and availability, the IoT requires a dynamic access control model that takes not only access policies but also real-time contextual information into account when making access decisions. One of the dynamic features is the security risk. This paper proposes an Adaptive Risk-Based Access Control (AdRBAC) model for the IoT and discusses its validation using expert reviews. The proposed AdRBAC model conducts a risk analysis to estimate the security risk value associated with each access request when making an access decision. This model has four inputs/risk factors: user context, resource sensitivity, action severity and risk history. These risk factors are used to estimate a risk value associated with the access request to make the access decision. To provide the adaptive features, smart contracts will be used to monitor the user behaviour during access sessions to detect any malicious actions from the granted users. To validate and refine the proposed model, twenty IoT security experts from inside and outside the UK were interviewed. The experts have suggested valuable information that will help to specify the appropriate risk factors and risk estimation technique for implantation of the AdRBAC model.
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Ivan Jovović, Siniša Husnjak, Ivan Forenbacher, Sven Maček
The Industry 4.0 is experiencing significant challenges, including the need for an increased amount of data transmission with improved security, transparency and credibility. The 5th Generation Mobile Network (5G) and Blockchain are innovative emerging technologies that can respond to these needs. 5
Abid Sultan, Muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik, Azhar Mushtaq
Since the beginning of crypto currency in 2008, blockchain technology rise as progressive technology. Despite the fact that blockchain began off as a core technology of Bitcoin, its utilization cases are growing to numerous fields such as, security of Internet of Things (IoT), banking sector, industries and medical etc. In recent years IoT has gained popularity due to its usage in smart homes and smart city projects around the world. Unfortunately, IoT devices possess limited computing power, low storage capability and network capacity therefore they are more prone to attacks than other endpoint devices such as cell phones, tablets, or PCs. This paper focus on significant security issues for IoT, security prerequisites for IoT alongside the current attacks and maps IoT security issues against existing solutions found in the literature. Blockchain technology can be a key empowering influence to take care of numerous IoT security issues. Finally describe the future work directions.
M.O. van Deventer, Frank Berkers, Martijn de Vos, A. Zandee · 12 authors
This paper presents initial results of the Techruption Consortium Blockchain experiment. The purpose of the experiment is to learn what it takes to run a permissioned consortium blockchain infrastructure together, not only from a technical perspective, but also governance and business model. The experiment turned out to be surprisingly complex, running into buggy open-source software, extensive firewall and connectivity issues, a complex legal context, a plethora of governance issues, many business model alternatives, and an ever-present human resource limitation. Based on our experiences, we conclude that instead of developing dedicated technical infrastructure, governance and business models for each blockchain application individually, there is a need for a shared blockchain infrastructure with basic governance and business models to spur further innovation in blockchain applications and enabling technologies.
Electromobility, electric vehicles (EVs) and charging infrastructure are major building blocks for a sustainable energy future.With the emergence of sustainable IS topics, energy informatics as the comprising research discipline receives increasing attention.One of the most contemporary research areas in this context is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and their integration into the smart power grid of the future.Blockchain is a promising technology to complement lack in charging infrastructure by disrupting existing business models and enabling peer-to-peer sharing of charging stations (CSs).In this paper we investigate how to store and validate EV charging-related data on blockchain and how to process EV charging payment transactions in a blockchain-based IS.Within the ongoing research activity, we evaluate blockchain technologies regarding their applicability for this scenario.Further we implement the presented decentralized app (dApp) design and its smart contracts as a proof-of-concept for the technical feasibility of the solution, considering factors such as interoperability, data storage, trust and scalability.
In the age of Big Data, enabling task scheduling while protecting users' privacy is critical for various decentralized applications in blockchain-based smart contract platforms. Such a privacy-preserving task scheduler requires the task input data to be secretly maintained until a prescribed task execution time and be automatically recorded into the blockchain to enabling the execution of the task at the execution time, even if the user goes offline. While straight-forward centralized approaches provide a basic solution to the problem, unfortunately they are limited to a single point of trust and involve a single point of control. This paper presents decentralized techniques for supporting privacy-preserving task scheduling using smart contracts in Ethereum blockchain networks. We design a privacy-preserving task scheduling protocol that is managed by a manager smart contract. The protocol requires a user to schedule a task by deploying a proxy smart contract maintaining the non-sensitive information of the task while creating decentralized secret trust and selecting trustees from the network to maintain the sensitive information of the task. With security techniques including secret sharing and layered encryption as well as security deposit paid by trustees as economic deterrence, the protocol can protect the sensitive information against possible attacks including some trustees destroying the sensitive information (drop attack) or secretly releasing the sensitive information before the execution time (release-ahead attack). We demonstrate the attack-resilience of the proposed protocol through rigorous analysis.Our implementation and experimental evaluation on the Ethereum official test network demonstrate the low monetary cost and the low time overhead associated with the proposed approach.
This paper proposes optimization mechanisms for a multi – layered IoT network model, backed up by Blockchain Technology. This paper focuses on optimizing the computational load such that the model can meet the feasible conditions for deployment purpose. Though, dividing the IoT network into multiple layers reduces the computational load at each stage, the load split isn’t quite proportional to the amount of work done at each level. Flexibility to monitor computational load at each level and distribute the workload has been introduced at each level.