Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
13,493 results · page 357 of 563
Hristijan Peshov, Ana Todorovska, Jovana Marojevikj, Eva Spirovska · 9 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Judyta Przyłuska-Schmitt, Dorota Jegorow, Jaroslava Bučková
Purpose: The aim of the article is a comparative analysis of selected cryptocurrencies and gold in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The study covered the stock exchange of Gold and the four largest cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Coin, and Cardano. The data for the analysis for the period 2020-2021 was taken from the internet platform www.coinmarketcap.com, where all cryptocurrencies are published in daily intervals, and from the Investing website www.investing.com for Gold. The analysis of data in the form of time series was carried out, based on the assumption that successive values in the data set represent successive measurements made at equal time intervals. Findings: Our findings prove that the studied cryptocurrencies proved to be resistant to economic fluctuations related to the pandemic crisis. Originality/value: We present original scientific research that provides useful information in a practical dimension for investors interested in the cryptocurrency market and safe assets, and anyone interested in the specificity of the problem at hand.
Yingying Li, Jianfeng Ma, Yinbin Miao, Ximeng Liu · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Zhenpeng Liu, Yongjiang Feng, Lele Ren, Weihua Zheng
Increasing numbers of users are outsourcing data to the cloud, but data integrity is an important issue. Due to the decentralization and immutability of blockchain, more and more researchers tend to use blockchain to replace third-party auditors. This paper proposes a data integrity system based on blockchain expansion technology that aims to solve the problem of high cost for blockchain network maintenance and for user creation of new blocks caused by the rapid growth of blocks in the data integrity audit scheme of existing blockchain technology. Users and cloud service providers (CSP) deploy smart contracts on the main chain and sub-chains. Intensive and frequent computing work is transferred to the sub-chain for completion, and the computation results of the sub-chain are submitted to the main chain periodically or when needed to ensure its finality. The concept of non-interactive audit is introduced to avoid affecting user experience due to the communication with the CSP during the audit process. In order to ensure data security, a reward pool mechanism is introduced. Comprehensive analysis from aspects such as storage, batch auditing and data consistency proves the correctness of the scheme. Experiments on the Ethereum blockchain platform demonstrate that this scheme can effectively reduce storage and computational overhead.
Aqsa Rashid, Atta ur Rehman Khan
In the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT), users and sensor-equipped entities send multiple messages to the Command Control Center (CCC) over the network. The authentication and integrity of these messages are crucial because if an adversary or malicious node transmits, alters, or replays these messages, the consequences will be disasters. Current centralized authentication systems are not suitable for the distributed environment because such schemes are prone to a single point of failure, privacy, and scalability issues. Moreover, the high communication overhead caused by centralization increases energy consumption. In this work, we propose a technique called Blockchain-based Autonomous Authentication and Integrity for the Internet of Battlefield Things (BIoBT) for the C3I system. The proposed technique does not require an explicit authentication channel for the authentication of entities because it is performed on the blockchain side when receiving the data. In addition, it provides data integrity and non-repudiation. BIoBT prototype is created, deployed, and tested on the Ethereum test network. The results prove that BIoBT is efficient, cost-effective, and satisfies the security requirements of a distributed environment for IoBT. BIoBT also outperforms contemporary mechanisms in terms of the number of messages required to establish a secure channel, thereby reducing communication overhead and resource consumption.
Chaochen Hu, Chao Li, Guigang Zhang, Zhiwei Lei · 9 authors
The healthcare industry faces serious problems with health data. Firstly, health data is fragmented and its quality needs to be improved. Data fragmentation means that it is difficult to integrate the patient data stored by multiple health service providers. The quality of these heterogeneous data also needs to be improved for better utilization. Secondly, data sharing among patients, healthcare service providers and medical researchers is inadequate. Thirdly, while sharing health data, patients' right to privacy must be protected, and patients should have authority over who can access their data. In traditional health data sharing system, because of centralized management, data can easily be stolen, manipulated. These systems also ignore patient's authority and privacy. Researchers have proposed some blockchain-based health data sharing solutions where blockchain is used for consensus management. Blockchain enables multiple parties who do not fully trust each other to exchange their data. However, the practice of smart contracts supporting these solutions has not been studied in detail. We propose CrowdMed-II, a health data management framework based on blockchain, which could address the above-mentioned problems of health data. We study the design of major smart contracts in our framework and propose two smart contract structures. We also introduce a novel search contract for searching patients in the framework. We evaluate their efficiency based on the execution costs on Ethereum. Our design improves on those previously proposed, lowering the computational costs of the framework. This allows the framework to operate at scale and is more feasible for widespread adoption.
Liutao Zhao, Jiawan Zhang, Hairong Jing, Jianping Wu · 5 authors
We constructed a cryptographic interaction method museum art exchange protocol (MAXP) for museum digital collections on the basis of blockchain technology. Using our method, we build a digital collection exchange system on Ethereum to realize the digital collection’s online exchange between two museums. Compared with the traditional centralized collection digital resource database method, MAXP can avoid the security risks caused by subjective factors and force majeure factors in the exchange process of digital collections, such as hackers and network viruses. In our exchange system we have built, the expression of content covered by digital collections is more convenient, and copyright disputes can be quickly resolved. Concurrently, given the decentralization and anonymity of the blockchain, a regulatory mechanism has been added to MAXP to avoid fraud, illegal fundraising, money laundering and smuggling. The regulatory mechanism we constructed is a dual receiver public key encryption scheme based on the Diffie-Hellman algorithm and the SM2 elliptic curve public key encryption algorithm. The sender encrypts the collection data, and both receivers can decrypt the messages using their respective private keys. One of the receivers is the museum that obtained the collection information, and the other receiver is the regulator. These two receivers can decrypt simultaneously, and the regulator can regulate the information exchange on the blockchain. The Beijing Planetarium and the Beijing Museum of Natural History have completed the exchange of collections through the system we have built. The analysis results show that the regulatory scheme based on the exchange blockchain system of the museum’s digital collections proves to be feasible, with security and expansibility. Our new encrypted exchange management method of digital collections in museums can effectively promote the exchange of collections between museums, and is of great significance to the promotion of cultural heritage and the dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Stefan Seifermann, Indah Hapsara Murti, Janis Oberle
The paper deals with using blockchain technology for tracking and tracing in manufacturing supply chains. After reviewing the current state-of-the-art, basic requirements for tracking and tracing using blockchain technology are developed. In order to raise acceptance in the industry and to keep complexity and transaction costs low, the focus is set on minimum data transferred and stored in the blockchain. The resulting framework is transformed into a model that has been implemented in a Proof-of-Concept using smart contracts in the Ethereum blockchain. Several test cases were identified and have been used to verify the functionality of the framework and the Proof-of-Concept.
Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah, Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Luis A. Gil‐Alana
No abstract is available for this record.
Lakshit Madaan, Dikshita Jindal, Amit Kumar, Suresh Kumar · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
João Vinícius Hunoff Marchett, Mônica Pasolini, Mateus Müller Franco
No abstract is available for this record.
Md. Al-Amin, Khondoker Shahrina, Rubyet Hossain, Debashish Sarker · 5 authors
Blockchain has become a great trend and very popular in the present era. There are two types of Blockchain technology, centralized and decentralized. In this research, the main concern is about the decentralized payment gateway, which is a trustworthy architecture and does not depend on third parties. For recording the transaction, decentralized payment systems use distributed ledger. Previously, Bitcoin and Ethereum payment systems were used to verify the consistency of the ledger of blockchain and also the transaction data along with the sender-receiver address and transaction value, but as all the payment system is public, so the transaction mode is also public. However, here the main concern is privacy and security. Because anyone can easily access the network, the attacker can also attack the network and the identity and transaction records and the address of the user identity, which is a privacy challenge. This research incorporates the Hyperledger Fabric, which is private, to overcome this challenge. Moreover, no one can access it from outside of the network. The transaction cost is low and the timing is fast during transactions. Considering the above scenario, this research proposes a decentralized payment system architecture using Hyperledger Fabric.
Magomed Abrekov, Andrey Vlasov
The purpose of this work is to study the investment capital markets by analysing the IPO and ICO procedures, identifying the main trends, leading sectors and comparing their volumes. The methodological basis was a retrospective analysis of the development of various forms of investment attraction (IPO and ICO). The main research methods were deduction, induction, synthesis and logical analysis. This article examined the main trends taking place in the IPO and ICO markets; key types of used blockchain platforms were identified; the leading countries and sectors in terms of the amount of funds raised are presented. The ICO market showed high growth rates in 2013–2018, but did not reach volumes comparable to the IPO market. Most of the projects that used the ICO (digital token issuance) procedures chose the Ethereum blockchain system as a platform, implemented projects in the fintech and IT industries, infrastructure development and decentralized applications (DApps). The leading states, residents, which have carried out the largest number of ICO procedures, are the USA, Singapore, United Kingdom and Hong Kong. In the IPO market, the largest volume of funds was attracted by projects from such sectors as finance, consumer services, oil and gas, industry and healthcare. The US remains the main platform chosen by companies for IPOs. The US is followed by the UK, China and Hong Kong
Davi Pedro Bauer
In this chapter, I’ll explain what Ethereum is and take you through the installations you’ll need to perform before you can start using it.
Elvira Albert, Pablo Gordillo, Alejandro Hernández-Cerezo, Albert Rubio
Abstract Superoptimization is a compilation technique that searches for the optimal sequence of instructions semantically equivalent to a given (loop-free) initial sequence. With the advent of SMT solvers, it has been successfully applied to LLVM code (to reduce the number of instructions) and to Ethereum EVM bytecode (to reduce its gas consumption). Both applications, when proven practical, have left out memory operations and thus missed important optimization opportunities. A main challenge to superoptimization today is handling memory operations while remaining scalable. We present $$\textsf {GASOL}^{v2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>GASOL</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , a gas and bytes-size superoptimization tool for Ethereum smart contracts, that leverages a previous Max-SMT approach for only stack optimization to optimize also wrt. memory and storage. $$\textsf {GASOL}^{v2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>GASOL</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> can be used to optimize the size in bytes, aligned with the optimization criterion used by the Solidity compiler , and it can also be used to optimize gas consumption. Our experiments on 12,378 blocks from 30 randomly selected real contracts achieve gains of 16.42% in gas wrt. the previous version of the optimizer without memory handling, and gains of 3.28% in bytes-size over code already optimized by .
Sandra Kumi, Richard K. Lomotey, Ralph Deters
Data management is the collection, processing, storing, and sharing of data. In today's dispensation, data sharing and collaborative data processing is a necessity for multi-partner organizations as it can lead to the discovery of new insight. Shared data is generally for the purpose of marketing, advertising, and other institutional decision-making reasons. A challenge however is that the collected data (mostly about individuals known as data subjects or producers) is disseminated among organizations without meaningful consent from the data subjects. Hence, data subjects are not aware of what is happening to their data regarding use and misuse. Furthermore, data subjects can hardly determine which third-party institutions have access to their data. In this paper, we opined that data should be managed in a manner that can persuade the trust of data subjects. To achieve this, data subjects should have the rights to be informed about details of their data. Thus, this paper proposes a cloud-based data management and sharing platform to enable data subjects to control who can access their data and consent to its collection and usage based on smart contracts. The proposed system leverages blockchain to enforce accountability, provenance, and auditability of all events. We implemented a dynamic consent management prototype on top of Ethereum blockchain to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed work.
Sabri Hisham, Mokhairi Makhtar, Azwa Abdul Aziz
Blockchain is one of the most anticipated technology revolutions, with immense promise in various applications. It is a distributed and encrypted database that can address a range of challenges connected to online security and trust. While many people identify Blockchain with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, it has a wide range of applications in supply chain management, health, Internet of Things (IoT), education, identity theft prevention, logistics, and the execution of digital smart contracts. Although Blockchain Technology (BT) has numerous advantages for Decentralized Applications (DApps), it is nevertheless vulnerable to abuse, smart contract failures, security, theft, trespassing, and other concerns. As a result, using Machine Learning (ML) models to detect anomalies is an excellent way to detect and safeguard blockchain networks from criminal activity. Adapting ensemble learning methods in ML to create better prediction outcomes is a viable approach for anomaly identification. Ensemble learning, as the name implies, refers to creating a stronger and more accurate classification by combining the prediction results of numerous weak models. As a result, an in-depth evaluation of ensemble learning methodologies for anomaly detection in the blockchain network ecosystem is applied in this paper. It comprises numerous ensemble methods (e.g., averaging, voting, stacking, boosting, bagging). The review collects data from three established databases, which are Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. Specific keywords are employed, such as Blockchain, Ethereum, Bitcoin, Anomaly Detection, and Ensemble Learning, employing advanced searching algorithms. The results of the search found 60 primary articles from 2017 to 2022 (30 from Scopus, 20 from the WoS, and 10 from Google Scholar). Based on these findings, we decided to divide our debate into three primary themes: (1) the fundamentals of Blockchain Technology (BT), (2) the overview of ensemble learning, and (3) the integration and analysis of ensemble learning in blockchain networks for anomaly detection. In terms of awareness and knowledge, the results are also discussed in terms of what they mean and where future research should go.
Robel Tsegu
Bitcoin passed the test. Ethereum passed the test. Now, it is XRP’s turn. At the time of this writing, the SEC has the opportunity, through common law, to determine how to regulate the unregulated cryptocurrency world. This is a unique moment because guidance on SEC violations is usually promulgated through statutes, no-action letters, and quotes from SEC Commissioners, rather than common law. Therefore, the decision in SEC v. Ripple will pivot the direction on how cryptocurrencies and digital assets forever be used. Will this pivot be a “hard” or “soft” fork in how we use cryptocurrencies? This Case Note argues that XRP is not a security (investment contract) under the Howey test. The test consists of three elements (1) an investment of money (2) in a common enterprise and (3) with the expectation of profits derived from efforts of others. XRP does not satisfy all three factors. Although seemingly controversial, this Case Note explains why XRP is not an investment contract but, rather, a universal currency, allowing users to change payments instantly and cheaply into their local currency. It concludes by discussing an alternative classification for XRP created by the SEC.
Abhijeet Thakurdesai, Marian Sorin Nistor, Doina Bein, Stefan Pickl · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Maddipati Varun, Muthukur Venkata Akhil Vasishta, Balaji Palanisamy, Shamik Sural
No abstract is available for this record.
Barbara Guidi
No abstract is available for this record.
Şule Öztürk Birim, Filiz Erataş Sönmez, Yağmur Sağlam
No abstract is available for this record.
Sheetal Sheetal, G. Shanmuga Rathinam
The process of the cheque clearance system takes a long time, and trust a third-party intermediator to process them. But blockchain is immutable, forgery can be avoided, and transactions at each end are recorded in blockchain technology to avoid changes, so they remain permanently, which provides security. We have used smart contracts to automate the entire process. This paper proposes an Ethereum-based blockchain framework for cheque generation based on the token concept using smart contracts and processing them with a novel framework architecture replacing traditional processes. The improved model involves digital token using smart contracts, transferring the cheque to the beneficiary, approving the cheque by the bank, and updating the cheque status. The contracts are designed and aimed to be faster, more secure, and more convenient. The results showed that the proposed framework algorithm is linear to time complexity. The response time duration for processing contracts is reduced compared to the existing approach.
Vatsal Patel, Sutharshan Rajasegarar, Lei Pan, Jiajun Liu · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.