Fake news has become a significant problem in today's online world. Misinformation is easily propagated through online social media platforms. It is essential to curb the spread of fake news. Blockchain has provided a framework for tamperproof and traceable data, and can therefore be used for developing a news platform. Applying blockchain technology to news tracing has formed the groundwork for supressing the spread of fake news. However, the scale of online platforms and the characteristics of blockchain add several new challenges that hinder the real world deployment of such solutions. This study reviews various blockchain based methods that combat the spread of fake news on online platforms and discusses the challenges faced in realizing such solutions.
Bitcoin has appeared as the highest fortunate cryptocurrency from the last few years. The social network platform Twitter has become a beneficial point of user sentiment. This chapter mainly focuses on the integration of sentiment analysis to predict the response about bitcoin in social media, i.e., Twitter. Through different tweets in Twitter, we have computed the sentiment score. In this chapter, we have taken a survey for knowing what people think about bitcoin from their tweets in Twitter from a single month of both the year, i.e., 2018 and 2019 and compared those. Our result seems to confirm that the trend of Bitcoin price may be predicted from the sentiment without incorporation of complex business models.
Security incidents such as scams and hacks have become a major threat to the health of the blockchain ecosystem, resulting in billions of dollars in losses to blockchain users each year. To reveal the real-world entities behind pseudonymous blockchain accounts and recover stolen funds from massive transaction data, much effort has recently been put into tracing illicit financial flows in blockchain by academia and industry. However, most of the current blockchain fund tracing methods are heuristics and taint analysis methods that are designed on the basis of expert experience and specific events, which have limitations in terms of universality, effectiveness and efficiency. This paper models blockchain transaction records as a transaction graph and tackles blockchain transaction tracing as a graph search task. To achieve efficient and effective tracing of fund transfers on the transaction graphs, we propose a scalable transaction tracing tool, TRacer, which to the best of our knowledge is thefirstintelligent transaction tracing tool that is generalized to multiple account-based blockchain platforms and can handle complex transaction behavior in decentralized finance (DeFi). Particularly, we tackle the transaction tracing task via a subgraph searching approach which employ a novel ranking method to infer the relevance between accounts during the graph search process in the multi-relational blockchain transaction graph. Theoretical analysis and experimental results on datasets from multiple blockchain platforms demonstrate that TRacer can efficiently perform the transaction tracing task at a lower cost and achieve better tracing results than existing methods or even expert manual audits.
Hai Trieu Le, Tran Thanh Lam Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Xuan Son Ha · 5 authors
Due to the rapid change of population structure, leading to lower birth rates and quick aging rates, the demand for blood supply is increasing significantly. In most countries, blood quality and origin are managed by blood management information systems, such as national authorities. Nevertheless, the traditional system has limitations in this field, such as a lack of detailed blood information, making it challenging to manage blood quality, supply, and demand. Hence, to solve these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based system called BloodChain, an improved system to support blood information management, providing more detailed information about blood, such as blood consumption and disposal. BloodChain exploits private blockchain techniques with a limited number of relatively fast and reliable participants, making them suitable for B2B (Business to Business) transactions. In this paper, we also develop a proposed system based on the architecture of Hyperledger Fabric. The evaluation of BloodChain is performed in several scenarios to prove our proposed model’s effectiveness.
In this paper, we identify and review key challenges to bridge the knowledge-gap between SME's, companies, organisations, businesses, government institutions and the general public in adopting, promoting and utilising Blockchain technology. The challenges indicated are Cybersecurity and Data privacy in this instance. Additional challenges are set out supported by literature, in researching data security management systems and legal frameworks to ascertaining the types and varieties of valid encryption, data acquisition, policy and outcomes under ISO 27001 and the General Data Protection Regulations. Blockchain, a revolutionary method of storage and immutability, provides a robust storage strategy, and when coupled with a Smart Contract, gives users the ability to form partnerships, share information and consent via a legally-based system of carrying out business transactions in a secure digital domain. Globally, ethical and legal challenges significantly differ; consent and trust in the public and private sectors in deploying such defensive data management strategies, is directly related to the accountability and transparency systems in place to deliver certainty and justice. Therefore, investment and research in these areas is crucial to establishing a dialogue between nations to include health, finance and market strategies that should encompass all levels of society. A framework is proposed with elements to include Big Data, Machine Learning and Visualisation methods and techniques. Through the literature we identify a system necessary in carrying out experiments to detect, capture, process and store data. This includes isolating packet data to inform levels of Cybersecurity and privacy-related activities, and ensuring transparency demonstrated in a secure, smart and effective manner.
Blockchain technology has made significant success, but it is also vulnerable for cyberattacks. As a particular form of attacks, Black Bird 51% hash rate attack has not been studied in depth, and it deserves particular attention. It is important to analyze its core construction, origin, and perniciousness. Black Bird Attack (BBA) could jeopardize a decentralized system more than centralized one, because centralized system has higher priority to control the dataflow than its users, whereas decentralized systems are vulnerable to attack, since everyone has almost the same privilege. Black Bird Attack can potentially destroy the fairness of blockchain networks. With this in mind, we have built a blockchain network simulation to examine this form of attacks, as presented in a detailed case study. This case study demonstrates Black Bird Attack is completely possible. Since Black Bird 51% hash rate attack is particularly dangerous in the post-quantum computing era, an intensive research agenda on this topic is in urgent need.
Hieu Le Van, Hong Khanh Vo, Huong Hoang Luong, Phuc Nguyen Trong · 12 authors
More and more new health care solutions are born based on the development of science and technology. The subjects who benefit the most, in this case, are not only patients (i.e., shorter healing time, faster recovery) but also medical staff, e.g., doctors/nurses (i.e., easy monitoring of the patient’s recovery process, proposing new treatment). However, there are still products that have not found an alternative: blood and blood products. Regardless of how science and technology can affect all aspects of patient treatment as well as medical care, blood still plays an important role in the treatment method. In addition to the above, blood and blood products may only be obtained from volunteers (i.e., blood donors). The preservation process is also very difficult, and no medical facility has enough facilities to preserve them. Therefore, the current process of blood preservation and transportation is done manually and contains many potential risks (e.g., data loss, personal information collection). In addition to the above barriers, developing countries (including Vietnam) also face many difficulties due to limited facilities. It is for this reason that this paper aims at a Blockchain-based technology solution for efficient management and distribution of blood from blood products. On the one hand, the paper contributes to the limitations in the information management process of storing and transporting blood and its products in the traditional database being applied in medical facilities in the cities and provinces in the Mekong Delta (the West-South of Vietnam). On the other hand, the article offers technology-based solutions to increase transparency and reduce the fear of centralized data storage (i.e., security and privacy issues). We also implement a proof-of-concept to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
The credibility of information is known as a major cause of a wide range of issues, such as: altered product information in food supply chains; fake transactions on E-commerce platforms; lengthy claim settlement time in agricultural insurance; and costly borrowings in agricultural financing. For a more specific example in food supply chains, end customers want to check the product information, but either doubt the authenticity of information, or simply do not have access to the information. The reason is that upstream suppliers and downstream retailers are often reluctant to share data, fearing privacy loss or business secret leakage. The consequence is that regulatory departments may face enormous challenges to identify accurate contamination sources, if there is scarce information or falsely recorded information at any stage of the food supply chain. In this paper, we focus on four common scenarios demanding information credibility in the agricultural supply chain: product traceability, E-commerce platforms, agricultural insurance, and agricultural financing. We review some high-profile smart credibility applications with emphasis on how blockchain related technologies can provide the information credibility by examining extant issues and relevant frameworks.
Phuc Nguyen Trong, Hong Khanh Vo, Huong Hoang Luong, Khiem Huynh Gia · 13 authors
YouTube connects people with each other through an online video sharing service platform. With the great devel-opment of the entertainment industry, content on YouTube is accessible to many people of different ages. However, verifying the content posted on YouTube is clean or not is a difficult problem. Dirty content is violent, pornographic and vulgar content that causes serious psychological harm to the segment of users under the age of 18, i.e., especially those of an age who are not yet aware of the harmful effects of content. Toxic will bring to the child’s behavior. Agree that Google (i.e., YouTube) has developed a YouTube Kid application where the videos are only for children under the age of 13. However, cultural and educational differences between regions strongly influence the choice of children. Select content for children. Therefore, the content restrictions on the YouTube Kid application have not yet met all the requirements of parents around the world. There have been many development directions to identify videos containing malicious content based on deep learning. However, there is no method to build a tool to support parents of children to share and identify videos with objectionable content (e.g., violence, pornography, obscene words) on the YouTube platform. In this research paper, we introduce YVC, a YouTube-verified content platform by applying blockchain’s distributed, public validation. This tool helps parents validate YouTube content and issue a report to reduce dirty content on YouTube. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we implement the proof-of-concept in the three most popular EVM platforms: Ethereum, Fantom, and the Binance smart chain. Compared to the YouTube Kids (i.e., the most common shared video platform for the under 13-year-old kid), our approach is able to capture the video preferences of the parents covering the difference areas/countries.
Wenjun Fan, Shubham Kumar, Sang‐Yoon Chang, Younghee Park
Abstract Collaborative intrusion detection approach uses the shared detection signature between the collaborative participants to facilitate coordinated defense. In the context of collaborative intrusion detection system (CIDS), however, there is no research focusing on the efficiency of the shared detection signature. The inefficient detection signature costs not only the IDS resource but also the process of the peer-to-peer (P2P) network. In this paper, we therefore propose a blockchain-based retribution mechanism, which aims to incentivize the participants to contribute to verifying the efficiency of the detection signature in terms of certain distributed consensus. We implement a prototype using Ethereum blockchain, which instantiates a token-based retribution mechanism and a smart contract-enabled voting-based distributed consensus. We conduct a number of experiments built on the prototype, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Abstract Nowadays, the cyberspace search engines have showed great power to find entities and services in the network, which provide new ideas and methods to detect the Bitcoin nodes. This paper introduces the Bitcoin’s P2P network and nodes including the reachable nodes and the unreachable nodes. Then, the results of detecting reachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines are showed. Next, the author proposes a new approach to find and verify the unreachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines. Finally, this paper illustrates the de-anonymization of some Bitcoin nodes by the cyberspace search engines, which map some node’s IP addresses to real Bitcoin entities, such as Zeblockchain (a browser website), Microwallet (a wallet website) and Laurentia Pool (a non-profit pool website).
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Spam and Phishing Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with everyday objects, enabling devices to collect and share data seamlessly. However, this increased connectivity has also increased the security risks associated with these devices, as they often lack the necessary security mechanisms to prevent malicious attacks. To address this issue, we propose using blockchain technology to secure IoT devices. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept implementation of a blockchain-based IoT security system and analyze its effectiveness. Our system leverages blockchain's distributed ledger technology to ensure data integrity, decentralization, and transparency, making it more resilient to attacks. We evaluate our system's performance and compare it with other existing IoT security solutions. Our results show that our blockchain-based approach outperforms traditional security measures and is a viable solution for securing IoT devices. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our study and suggest future research directions for improving the security of IoT devices.
We constructed a cryptographic interaction method museum art exchange protocol (MAXP) for museum digital collections on the basis of blockchain technology. Using our method, we build a digital collection exchange system on Ethereum to realize the digital collection’s online exchange between two museums. Compared with the traditional centralized collection digital resource database method, MAXP can avoid the security risks caused by subjective factors and force majeure factors in the exchange process of digital collections, such as hackers and network viruses. In our exchange system we have built, the expression of content covered by digital collections is more convenient, and copyright disputes can be quickly resolved. Concurrently, given the decentralization and anonymity of the blockchain, a regulatory mechanism has been added to MAXP to avoid fraud, illegal fundraising, money laundering and smuggling. The regulatory mechanism we constructed is a dual receiver public key encryption scheme based on the Diffie-Hellman algorithm and the SM2 elliptic curve public key encryption algorithm. The sender encrypts the collection data, and both receivers can decrypt the messages using their respective private keys. One of the receivers is the museum that obtained the collection information, and the other receiver is the regulator. These two receivers can decrypt simultaneously, and the regulator can regulate the information exchange on the blockchain. The Beijing Planetarium and the Beijing Museum of Natural History have completed the exchange of collections through the system we have built. The analysis results show that the regulatory scheme based on the exchange blockchain system of the museum’s digital collections proves to be feasible, with security and expansibility. Our new encrypted exchange management method of digital collections in museums can effectively promote the exchange of collections between museums, and is of great significance to the promotion of cultural heritage and the dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Due to the monetary value of Bitcoin, the most influential digital cryptocurrency in the world, Bitcoin has naturally become a valuable target of attacks, resulting in the emergence of many attack strategies on it. Among those attack strategies, selfish mining and block withholding attacks are two typical ones and attackers can obtain higher revenues under certain conditions than with an honest mining strategy. However, the combination of them will be a new type and more serious attack, which has not been analyzed in depth. In this paper, we propose GenSelfHolding, a general combined attack model with one selfish mining pool and random multiple honest pools on Bitcoin. Based on Markov chain, a general state transition graph and a general state distribution probability are presented to describe the internal features of our model. A general principle is then provided to calculate the attacker’s revenue. In addition, we give a detailed proof of the unique stable distribution of state transition probabilities. Such proof is an essential prerequisite for us to further present stable attacker revenue expressions under two specific scenarios, the GenSelfHolding model with two/three honest mining pools. Simulation results validate that the revenues of the attacker in these two specific models can reach up to 40% higher than those of classic selfish attackers in some cases.
Know Your Customer (KYC) process plays a vital role for all banks in authenticating the identity of their customers. KYC verification is crucial to prevent banks from being used by illegal elements for money laundering activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism and other crimes. Manual KYC process in mainstream at present is less secure, time consuming and outdated. Since Blockchain offers features like decentralization, immutability and security, these limitations can be eliminated by using Blockchain based KYC verification. In this paper, we have proposed decentralized KYC verification process using Ethereum Blockchain platform. It would allow all the banks in the Blockchain network to verify and vote for legitimacy of the data provided by the customer. Depending on number of votes KYC status of customer gets stored on the Blockchain. Major enhancement in our proposed method is, banks can also vote for other banks if any bank is tampering with the KYC data and it will get removed from the network based on this voting. In this way, Blockchain can be used to improve the efficiency of KYC process with its distinctive features.
The current legacy system used in processing health insurance claims causes a huge amount of financial loss every year due to fraud claims. It is also highly prone to privacy and security threats due to the use of traditional methods. Health insurance claims for prescription drugs are one such claim that is highly prone to being tampered with. Also, there is a lack of linkage in the prescription data between the medical care provider and the pharmacy, which also leads to miscommunication and the use of false prescriptions. In this paper, we propose processing health insurance claims for drug prescriptions using blockchain technology that manages the processing of prescription drugs in a private, secure, trustworthy, and decentralized manner. The proposed system utilizes a private Ethereum blockchain. The system includes two smart contracts: registration and approval smart contracts, which provide traceability and trustworthiness to the system. The system was integrated with off-chain storage (IPFS) and a fronted decentralized applications (DApps), which improves the accessibility of centralized patient information by authorized parties. To maintain the privacy of the data, a gateway is used to filter the data that can be viewed by the participants. We present the system architecture, sequence diagrams, entity-relationship diagram, and algorithms to demonstrate the working principles of the proposed process for processing health insurance claims for prescription drugs using blockchain. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated by conducting security analysis and comparing it to the existing solutions. Our smart contract code is publicly available on GitHub.