Transformasi sistem hukum yang dipicu oleh perkembangan teknologi blockchain dan Web3 menuntut penyesuaian mendasar dalam sistem sertifikasi profesi hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan reformulasi sistem sertifikasi profesi hukum dalam menghadapi tantangan era digital, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta literatur yang relevan dalam bidang hukum dan teknologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum memiliki kerangka regulasi yang memadai untuk mengatur isu-isu hukum baru seperti kontrak cerdas, yurisdiksi lintas negara, serta perlindungan data pribadi dalam ekosistem digital. Selain itu, masih terdapat kekosongan standar kompetensi hukum digital dalam kerangka sertifikasi profesi hukum yang ada saat ini. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pengembangan sistem sertifikasi profesi hukum yang terintegrasi dengan penguasaan teknologi digital terkini. Sertifikasi berbasis teknologi tidak hanya meningkatkan kapasitas teknis dan etika profesional hukum, tetapi juga memperkuat kepercayaan publik serta mendukung penerapan prinsip kenali nasabah dan pencegahan tindak pidana pencucian uang. Dalam jangka panjang, sistem ini akan mendorong lahirnya profesional hukum yang adaptif dan siap menjawab kompleksitas regulasi di era transformasi digital.
Esta dissertação investiga o potencial educativo e social da Web3 por meio da arte e da criação de NFTs (tokens não fungíveis), com o objetivo de ampliar o acesso e a compreensão de tecnologias emergentes no Brasil. A pesquisa propõe e desenvolve um material didático baseado em oficinas experimentais, abordando os fundamentos da blockchain e das NFTs sob uma perspectiva crítica, acessível e artística. O projeto foi aplicado com estudantes de iniciação científica e público externo em eventos presenciais e virtuais, resultando na produção de materiais gráficos e obras digitais que valorizam a arte como mediadora na apropriação das tecnologias. A análise dos encontros demonstrou que o engajamento artístico favorece a compreensão técnica e estimula reflexões sobre autoria, propriedade digital e infraestrutura tecnológica. Além disso, a pesquisa traça um parâmetro com as condições brasileiras de acesso à internet e às tecnologias digitais, evidenciando desigualdades que impactam diretamente a inserção na Web3. A dissertação também inclui entrevistas com artistas atuantes no cenário das NFTs, cujos relatos aprofundam a compreensão dos desafios e das potências do uso artístico dessas tecnologias. Conclui-se que a inserção crítica na Web3 depende não apenas do domínio técnico, mas também do impacto das barreiras socioculturais e da construção de comunidades virtuais que favoreçam a permanência e o engajamento contínuo nesse ciberespaço.
We present PromptChain, a decentralized Web3 architecture that establishes AI prompts as first-class digital assets with verifiable ownership, version control, and monetization capabilities. Current centralized platforms lack mechanisms for proper attribution, quality assurance, or fair compensation for prompt creators. PromptChain addresses these limitations through a novel integration of IPFS for immutable storage, smart contracts for governance, and token incentives for community curation. Our design includes: (1) a comprehensive metadata schema for cross-model compatibility, (2) a stake-weighted validation mechanism to align incentives, and (3) a token economy that rewards contributors proportionally to their impact. The proposed architecture demonstrates how decentralized systems could potentially match centralized alternatives in efficiency while providing superior ownership guarantees and censorship resistance through blockchain-anchored provenance tracking. By decoupling prompts from specific AI models or outputs, this work establishes the foundation for an open ecosystem of human-AI collaboration in the Web3 era, representing the first systematic treatment of prompts as standalone digital assets with dedicated decentralized infrastructure.
V. Hemamalini, R. Jagathrajah, K. Annapurani Panaiyappan
The Domain Name System (DNS) is an indispensable part of the internet’s infrastructure, allowing humans to enter human readable domain names into a computer and the computer will translate it to machine readable IP addresses. However, both the traditional DNS systems have several security, privacy, and scalability issues because of the centralized nature. This paper describes the design and implementation of a Web3 decentralized DNS system on top of the blockchain technology based on Ethereum smart contracts. The Web3 DNS system distributes domain registration, resolution and management in a way that is transparent and unbreakably secured, scalable and insanely fast. It’s a system with integrated criticals such as Proof of Request (PoR) for logging all actions and rate limiting to stop abusing the system. In this paper we explore the root components of the Web3 DNS system such as: domain management via a smart contract, PoR logging and rate limiting. This Web3 DNS is tested with the performance tests and compared to the traditional DNS systems for the handling of domain related transactions with improved security and decentralization. Furthermore, blockchain usage in the system leads to the immutable and transparent record of all actions, decreasing the danger of DNS hijacking and other evil activities. This work tries to bring a robust, transparent and censorship resistant alternative to existing DNS infrastructures. Future work will attempt to scale the system and enhance the capability of interoperating with existing, legacy DNS infrastructure.
The fragmentation of AI agent ecosystems has created urgent demands for interoperability, trust, and economic coordination that current protocols -- including MCP (Hou et al., 2025), A2A (Habler et al., 2025), ACP (Liu et al., 2025), and Cisco's AGP (Edwards, 2025) -- cannot address at scale. We present the Nanda Unified Architecture, a decentralized framework built around three core innovations: fast DID-based agent discovery through distributed registries, semantic agent cards with verifiable credentials and composability profiles, and a dynamic trust layer that integrates behavioral attestations with policy compliance. The system introduces X42/H42 micropayments for economic coordination and MAESTRO, a security framework incorporating Synergetics' patented AgentTalk protocol (US Patent 12,244,584 B1) and secure containerization. Real-world deployments demonstrate 99.9 percent compliance in healthcare applications and substantial monthly transaction volumes with strong privacy guarantees. By unifying MIT's trust research with production deployments from Cisco and Synergetics, we show how cryptographic proofs and policy-as-code transform agents into trust-anchored participants in a decentralized economy (Lakshmanan, 2025; Sha, 2025). The result enables a globally interoperable Internet of Agents where trust becomes the native currency of collaboration across both enterprise and Web3 ecosystems.
Tri Stiyo Famuji, Alya Masitha, Maulana Muhammad Jogo Samodro, Galih Pramuja Inngam Fanani · 5 authors
Perkembangan teknologi genomik meningkatkan urgensi penanganan kerentanan sistem terpusat dalam mengelola data genetik manusia. Penelitian ini merancang sistem terdesentralisasi berbasis blockchain dan IPFS untuk meningkatkan keamanan, integritas, dan aksesibilitas data. Blockchain digunakan untuk pencatatan transaksi yang immutable dan manajemen akses dinamis melalui smart contract, sedangkan IPFS menyediakan penyimpanan terdistribusi berbasis hash kriptografik (CID). Desain hybrid memisahkan penyimpanan data mentah (terenkripsi homomorfik) di IPFS dengan manajemen akses di blockchain Ethereum. Antarmuka pengguna berbasis React.js dan Web3.js memungkinkan pengunggahan data terenkripsi, permintaan akses berbasis peran, dan pemantauan audit sesuai standar GDPR/HIPAA. Pengujian membuktikan sistem ini efektif mencegah akses ilegal dan memastikan keterlacakan data. Tantangan seperti efisiensi energi dan kepatuhan regulasi diatasi melalui sharding, protokol layer-2, serta mekanisme penghapusan data selektif. Kerangka kerja ini mendukung kolaborasi riset genomik lintas institusi secara aman. Penelitian lanjutan akan difokuskan pada optimasi efisiensi komputasi dan perluasan skala data.
Victoria L. Lemieux, Rosa Gil, Faith Molosiwa, Qizheng Zhou · 8 authors
As archives turn to artificial intelligence to manage growing volumes of digital records, privacy risks inherent in current AI data practices raise critical concerns about data sovereignty and ethical accountability. This paper explores how privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) and Web3 architectures can support archives to preserve control over sensitive content while still being able to make it available for access by researchers. We present Clio-X, a decentralized, privacy-first Web3 digital solution designed to embed PETs into archival workflows and support AI-enabled reference and access. Drawing on a user evaluation of a medium-fidelity prototype, the study reveals both interest in the potential of the solution and significant barriers to adoption related to trust, system opacity, economic concerns, and governance. Using Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory, we analyze the sociotechnical dimensions of these barriers and propose a path forward centered on participatory design and decentralized governance through a Clio-X Decentralized Autonomous Organization. By integrating technical safeguards with community-based oversight, Clio-X offers a novel model to ethically deploy AI in cultural heritage contexts.
Blockchain bridges have become essential infrastructure for enabling interoperability across different blockchain networks, with more than $24B monthly bridge transaction volume. However, their growing adoption has been accompanied by a disproportionate rise in security breaches, making them the single largest source of financial loss in Web3. For cross-chain ecosystems to be robust and sustainable, it is essential to understand and address these vulnerabilities. In this study, we present a comprehensive systematization of blockchain bridge design and security. We define three bridge security priors, formalize the architectural structure of 13 prominent bridges, and identify 23 attack vectors grounded in real-world blockchain exploits. Using this foundation, we evaluate 43 representative attack scenarios and introduce a layered threat model that captures security failures across source chain, off-chain, and destination chain components. Our analysis at the static code and transaction network levels reveals recurring design flaws, particularly in access control, validator trust assumptions, and verification logic, and identifies key patterns in adversarial behavior based on transaction-level traces. To support future development, we propose a decision framework for bridge architecture design, along with defense mechanisms such as layered validation and circuit breakers. This work provides a data-driven foundation for evaluating bridge security and lays the groundwork for standardizing resilient cross-chain infrastructure.
Blockchain bridges have become essential infrastructure for enabling interoperability across different blockchain networks, with more than $24B monthly bridge transaction volume. However, their growing adoption has been accompanied by a disproportionate rise in security breaches, making them the single largest source of financial loss in Web3. For cross-chain ecosystems to be robust and sustainable, it is essential to understand and address these vulnerabilities. In this study, we present a comprehensive systematization of blockchain bridge design and security. We define three bridge security priors, formalize the architectural structure of 13 prominent bridges, and identify 23 attack vectors grounded in real-world blockchain exploits. Using this foundation, we evaluate 43 representative attack scenarios and introduce a layered threat model that captures security failures across source chain, off-chain, and destination chain components. Our analysis at the static code and transaction network levels reveals recurring design flaws, particularly in access control, validator trust assumptions, and verification logic, and identifies key patterns in adversarial behavior based on transaction-level traces. To support future development, we propose a decision framework for bridge architecture design, along with defense mechanisms such as layered validation and circuit breakers. This work provides a data-driven foundation for evaluating bridge security and lays the groundwork for standardizing resilient cross-chain infrastructure.
Ovaj rad prikazuje razvoj prototipa blockchain sustava za nadzor nad antidoping pos- tupcima u sportu. Sustav je osmišljen kako bi povećao transparentnost, sigurnost i nepromjenjivost podataka u procesima testiranja sportaša. Korištenjem Ethereum blockchaina, pametnih ugovora i tehnologija poput Reacta, Flask-a i Web3.py, im- plementirane su funkcionalnosti za tri glavne korisničke uloge: agenciju, laboratorij i sportaša. Agencija može inicirati zahtjeve za testiranjem, laboratorij upisivati rezul- tate, a sportaš pregledavati ishode. Evaluacijom su identificirane prednosti u odnosu na postojeće sustave, ali i ograničenja koja mogu biti predmet budućih poboljšanja, uključujući autentikaciju korisnika, veću skalabilnost i primjenu naprednih kripto- grafskih metoda.
Wallets are access points for the digital economys value creation. Wallets for blockchains store the end-users cryptographic keys for administrating their digital assets and enable access to blockchain Web3 systems. Web3 delivers new service opportunities. This chapter focuses on the Web3 enabled release of value through the lens of wallets. Wallets may be implemented as software apps on smartphones, web apps on desktops, or hardware devices. Wallet users request high security, ease of use, and access of relevance from their wallets. Increasing connectivity, functionality, autonomy, personal support, and offline capability make the wallet into the user's Universal Access Device for any digital asset. Through wallet based services, the owner obtains enhanced digital empowerment. The new Web3 solutionareas, Identity and Decentralisation, enable considerable societal effects, and wallets are an integral part of these. One example is self sovereign identity solutions combined with wallet borne AI for personalised support, empowering the enduser beyond anything previously known. Improved welfare is foreseen globally through enlarged markets with collaborative services with drastically lowered transaction costs compared to today, the expected vastly increased levels of automation in society necessitate enhanced enduser protection. As wallets are considered a weak spot for security, improving overall security through blockchains is essential.
O artigo propõe um novo modelo de governança adaptativa para DAOs (Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas), baseado em sistemas reputacionais dinâmicos. A ideia é superar limitações dos modelos atuais, que dependem apenas de tokens para tomada de decisão. Principais Conceitos : DAOs: Estruturas que descentralizam decisões via contratos inteligentes. Problemas atuais: Abstenção, manipulação de votos, concentração de poder. Solução proposta: Um sistema de reputação ajustável, com feedback verificável, inspirado na Teoria dos Jogos Evolutivos e simulações multiagente. Componentes do Modelo Reputação dinâmica: Métrica que muda com base no comportamento dos agentes. Simulações multiagente (ABM): Testes com 200 agentes para avaliar o impacto do sistema.Mecanismos de incentivo: Participação meritocrática, staking social, reputação como serviço.
The emerging Web3 has great potential to provide worldwide decentralized services powered by global-range data-driven networks in the future. To ensure the security of Web3 services among diverse user entities, a decentralized identity (DID) system is essential. Especially, a user's access request to Web3 services can be treated as a DID transaction within the blockchain, executed through a consensus mechanism. However, a critical implementation issue arises in the current Web3, i.e., how to deploy network nodes to serve users on a global scale. To address this issue, emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, such as Starlink, offer a promising solution. With their global coverage and high reliability, these communication satellites can complement terrestrial networks as Web3 deployment infrastructures. In this case, this paper develops three hybrid satellite-ground modes to deploy the blockchain-enabled DID system for Web3 users. Three modes integrate ground nodes and satellites to provide flexible and continuous DID services for worldwide users. Meanwhile, to evaluate the effectiveness of the present hybrid deployment modes, we analyze the complete DID consensus performance of blockchain on three hybrid satellite-ground modes. Moreover, we conduct numerical and simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of three hybrid satellite-ground modes. The impacts of various system parameters are thoroughly analyzed, providing valuable insights for implementing the worldwide Web3 DID system in real-world network environments.
Barbara Guidi, Andrea Michienzi, Leonardo Pasquale
The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is among the most well-known distributed file systems applied in Web3 applications, where data storage is involved. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) represent one of the main scenarios in which distributed content sharing is enacted via IPFS. Generally, NFTs are created, sold and bought via so-called marketplaces, easing the technical difficulties. They play a crucial role during the sale of NFTs because they act as intermediaries between users and underlying technologies. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of NFT marketplaces on the availability of NFT resources in the IPFS network. We focus on the relationship between resources and marketplaces, trying to understand whether access to some of the resources related to NFTs is transparent and consistent with the information present in the contract. We selected $\mathbf{1 0}$ collections and 3 NFTs for each collection and monitored these assets on IPFS. For the monitoring phase, we deployed our node and requested providers of the assets every six hours for two weeks. Our analysis shows that IPFS does not guarantee high availability and marketplaces refer to copies of NFTs, thus violating the integrity and security guaranteed by NFTs and IPFS.
With the advent of Web3, many online services have been revolutionised through decentralisation. With blockchain as the main decentralisation engine, online social media platforms have witnessed a new life. Recently, memes have come into play, providing new opportunities for community aggregation, giving birth to the so-called memecoin phenomenon. Memecoins are blockchain-backed cryptocurrencies that can be freely traded, and people can discuss them online. They represent a new scenario in which social and economic aspects are tightly intertwined, but external figures or events can also influence the activity of each token. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the relationship between the social and economic spheres of memecoins and how external factors influence their activity. We conducted our analyses on six case studies taken from different contexts and with unique histories, downloading data from various subreddits and blockchains. The findings show that each memecoin has unique distinctive features and that the activity around them is influenced by crypto-influencers, scams, or even external events.
Integrating blockchain into healthcare devices offers potential for improved data control but faces significant usability and acceptance challenges. This study addresses this gap by evaluating CipherPal, an improved blockchain-enabled smart fidget toy prototype, using a multi-framework approach to understand the interplay between technology, design, and user experience. We combined insights from an expert review assessing adherence to Web3 Design Guidelines, a User Acceptance Toolkit assessment with professionals based on UTAUT2, and extended user testing over three days. Findings revealed that users valued CipherPal's satisfying tactile interaction and perceived benefits for well-being, such as stress relief. However, significant usability barriers emerged, primarily related to challenging device-application connectivity, data synchronization, and disruptive physical elements. While conceptually accepted, the blockchain integration mainly added interaction friction and complexity, overshadowing its potential benefits for users during the study. The multi-framework approach proved valuable, providing complementary insights and highlighting tensions between the device's core appeal and usability challenges. This research underscores the critical need for user-centered design in blockchain health applications, emphasizing seamless usability, abstracting technical complexity, and holistically considering physical and social factors.
Bar Hoter, Moran Koren, Dorit Nitzan, Stav Shapira · 5 authors
Food and nutrition insecurity is a growing global challenge, exacerbated by crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions in supply chains caused by geopolitical events. This study introduces a hybrid Web3-Web2 system to enhance food security through monitoring the transaction-based food system at a national level. The system comprises elements based on blockchain technology and business intelligence (BI) in the state of Israel. By combining the decentralization, transparency, and immutability of blockchain with some functionalities of Web2 applications, the system enables real-time monitoring and optimization of Israel’s food supply chain. The blockchain component, a natural candidate for storing transaction-based data, ensures data integrity, traceability, and trust among stakeholders, while the BI dashboards facilitate data-driven decision-making and efficient resource allocation. The system implements smart contracts to automate compliance verification while maintaining transaction privacy through strategic data partitioning between public and private storage. The system also leverages graph-based network analysis to identify inefficiencies, minimize food waste, and enhance supply chain sustainability. We discuss how technology can address food security challenges and outline pathways for implementation, offering a model for other nations facing similar issues.
Purpose: This article proposes and applies the 6V Framework to conceptualize and evaluate next-generation marketing channels in the digital economy.It aims to understand how emerging formats-such as voice commerce, immersive AR/VR environments, retail media networks, and Web3-based platforms-are reshaping customer engagement, brand experience, and value creation.Design/Methodology/Approach: Building on an extensive literature review and theoretical synthesis, the paper introduces the 6V Framework, consisting of six analytical dimensions: Value, Velocity, Visibility, Verifiability, Virtuality, and Vulnerability.The framework is applied to an in-depth case study of Nike .Swoosh, supported by a comparative evaluation of other leading platforms (e.g., Adidas, Gucci, Starbucks) to illustrate strategic patterns and innovation trajectories.Practical Implication: The article provides marketers, strategists, and digital transformation leaders with a practical framework for analyzing, designing, and governing complex marketing environments.It supports decision-making regarding channel investments, user experience design, and ethical risk management in data-rich, technology-driven contexts.Originality/Value: In contrast to legacy models focused on linear transactions and control, the 6V Framework captures the dynamic, participatory, and decentralized nature of modern marketing channels.It offers a novel conceptual lens for assessing strategic and operational implications of digital channel innovation.
This research analyzes the impact of blockchain technology in the field of electronic evidence. It starts from a hypothesis of assuming that blockchain technology will have a significant impact on both public administrations and society in general, which will mean changing the way personal electronic information is managed by putting control in the hands of individual citizens rather than centralized servers or platforms. The article also analyzes regulatory efforts in the European Union to adapt to the changing landscape of electronic evidence, including the proposed eIDAS 2 regulation, which seeks to establish autonomous digital identities based on blockchain technology and then focuses on the procedural treatment of blockchain as a means and source of evidence and differentiates between this technology as a means of storing electronic evidence and as a mechanism to preserve and secure this type of evidence. Likewise, the text concludes by emphasizing the potential of blockchain technology in the context of Web3, where decentralized and interoperable systems are expected to play a fundamental role in the Spanish and European administration of justice.