The purpose of this research is to develop a job training document storage system based on the public blockchain platform. The use of public platforms is used to secure certificate data making it difficult to falsify. The use of smart contracts is used to form data that will be used in blocks to be sent to the Ethereum blockchain network. The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is used to store certificate files in a distributed environment so that access is easy and safe to do. The results showed that certificate data can be stored in public blockchain Ethereum infrastructure and its supporting files stored in the IPFS environment. This means that certificate data is more secure from counterfeiting because it is stored in a distributed and transparent blockchain environment.
With the development of internet technology, online education, a new model of education, has been very popular. However, this mode of education still has many problems in terms of credibility, credit certification and certificates, student privacy, and various courses. The accepted question addressed was whether universities would discuss blockchain technology differently from traditional research and education. Through a research approach, literature summary and case analysis as well as Business Model Canvas which provides three theoretical contributions and guidance on what Blockchain is by taking sponsored studies. This study shows the results that integrating blockchain technology with the MOOC-based Smart Program Education platform is a trend that is promised on the Internet of online education development. The conclusion can provide a critique of the technical features and basic applications of Blockchain and provide solutions to online education problems based on Blockchain technology. Assistance, discussion, discussion on blockchain and discussion on how educational institutions work must be approved by Blockchain technology as digital technology, so that more can be expected in prototypes and will be developed to provide a better replacement.
Education is a business process that has been a pillar of government for centuries in building the nation. The method of organizing knowledge globally does not change according to the times. Various problems currently faced by education service providers, especially at the tertiary level, in this case, call it the problem of authentication and certificate verification, which are the micro and macro outputs of a learning process. People are getting lighthouses about blockchain, the solution to educational polemic problems. The combination of science between education and blockchain technology will create a new revolution in the education industry that is felt to be stagnant and incompatible with current developments. There are various kinds of insights from this solution. Still, it is not enough to explain the ontology of education using blockchain, which, as a whole, discusses the existence of blockchain for education based on scientific studies. Ontology for knowledge will be useful as a literature platform for young researchers, especially in universities, to start basic and applied research that leads to blockchain in education. Besides, blockchain technology has weaknesses and inefficiencies, namely in terms of cost, storage space, and speed. Solutions will be proposed through this research regarding on-chain and off-chain protocols in Time Based Protocol (TBP), which is part of Blockchain technology. As a result, this research can also become the foundation for new platforms and frameworks as a solution for the government in launching blockchain-based education, which is a pioneer in creating a blockchain-based government.
The process of implementing education globally basically cannot keep up with current developments. The education sector is currently facing various problems; in this case, the issue of verification and the existence of a third party in handling certificates are the micro and macro results of a learning process. A lighthouse about Blockchain technology is often cited as one of the revolutionary solutions to educational polemics so far. The combination of educational technology with blockchain technology will create revolutionary technology in the education industry. There are various kinds of insight from this problem, but this cannot explain the blockchain manifesto in detail from education for learning based on scientific studies. This blockchain manifesto in the future will be useful as a literature platform for researchers who will begin basic and applied research leading to blockchain for education. Besides, in terms of cost, storage space, and blockchain technology speed, a solution will be proposed in the form of a framework. As a result, this research can also become a new blockchain platform and manifesto as the blockchain technology-based government's embryo.
In this era of disruption, voting methods in elections have been carried out using the system. But in the process, there are still some obstacles, such as the calculation of election results can still be manipulated. In the 2019 election between candidates A and B, according to the fast-counting technology, media candidate A gets the highest votes, but in electronic media states candidate, B gets the highest votes. This raises the possibility of manipulation of the vote. This study addresses the issues involved in delivering valid results and also authenticates the validity of voting data. The method in developing this research uses blockchain technology that can verify data from voting with a decentralized system. Decentralization on the blockchain allows each server to connect and have the same role and form a peer-to-peer network. Data tracking is easier, and when one server is in trouble, backups are easily performed by other servers, and the problematic server is temporarily removed from the blockchain network. The application of blockchain technology in electronic voting can produce data that cannot be manipulated and will be maintained authenticity.
Indri Handayani, Ruli Supriati, Euis Siti Nur Aisyah, Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
The Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism used in Bitcoin, along with other concepts, makes it increasingly popular. In this case, researchers introduce a new quantitative framework to analyze the security and performance implications of the various Consensus and network parameters of the Proof of Work Blockchain. Emerging innovative technology can be called Blockchain. Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger where transactions are recorded after verification. Transactions in the General ledger that have been verified by multiple clients in the Peer to Peer network using one of the many varied consensus algorithms to resolve problems within the network involving multiple nodes that cannot be used. The algorithm to be used is Proof of Work (PoW), a protocol that has a function to prevent cyber-attack activities (DDos) that can weaken a computer system resources. The idea behind the PoW algorithm is that certain jobs are done to block transactions before they are proposed to the entire network. For that, using the PoW consensus algorithm certificate on the Blockchain is certainly the creation of a real certificate and cannot be manipulated.
Bitcoin ile birlikte son zamanlarda çokça konuşulmaya başlanan blockchain teknolojisi; işlemlerin gerçekleştirilmesi için bir aracı kuruma ihtiyaç duymaması, bloklardaki işlemlerin zincire eklenmesi için ağdaki tüm katılımcıların onayının gerekmesi, kaydedilen işlemlerin değiştirilememesi gibi sahip olduğu özellikler nedeniyle gerek kamu gerekse özel sektörü önemli düzeyde etkilemesi beklenmektedir. Yapılan incelemelerde muhasebe ve denetim alanında bu teknolojinin kullanılması ile birlikte sözgelimi hileli finansal raporlamanın önüne geçilmesi, gerçek zamanlı muhasebe işlemleri, sürekli denetim gibi birçok yarar sağlanacağı görülmektedir. Endüstri 4.0 ile birlikte gelişim hızının oldukça hızlı olacağı düşünülen bu teknolojinin muhasebe ve denetim mesleği üzerinde nasıl bir etki bırakacağı bu çalışmanın esas amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada öncelikle blockchain teknolojisi tanıtılmış olup, çalışmanın temel amacının gerçekleştirilebilmesi adına bu teknolojinin muhasebe ve denetim alanında göstereceği etkiler detaylıca tartışılmıştır. Blockchain teknolojisinin gelişimi ile birlikte meslek mensuplarının işlerini daha kolay biçimde gerçekleştirebilecek olmalarına karşılık teknik bilgi düzeyi yüksek meslek mensuplarının varlığına ihtiyaç duyulacağının da aşikâr olduğu söylenebilir.
Ruby Benita K, Ganesh Kumar S, B Murugamantham, A. Murugan
<span>Tracking drugs became more difficult using the centralized architecture. Decentralized architecture using blockchain technology overcomes the difficulties faced by the centralized network like availability and recovery. Avoiding duplicate or fake drugs created by fake manufacturers is a big challenge in the centralized network. Authentic stock is managed and the supply chain is tracked efficiently using this blockchain technology. This is addressed by using the smart contract which helps to track the movement of drugs from manufacturer to supplier, supplier to the reseller, reseller to pharmacies and finally pharmacies to patient. By default, duplicate drugs or fake drugs are completely avoided by using the blockchain technology. Patients buy drugs without any prescription and it creates a lot of problems in real life. So, Patients cannot buy drugs without authenticated doctor’s prescriptions with the help of a QR Code scanner attached with the prescription which will be implemented using a mobile application and cannot buy excess drugs which might lose someone’s life. With the help of inventory management, the maximum limit of drugs to avoid overdose and pharmacies cannot sell those overdose drugs. Consulting a doctor before buying a drug for even a simple illness is important and it is tracked by using prescriptions provided by authentic doctors. In this project, these challenges are addressed using the smart contract which is written in solidity language and runs on a public ethereum network.</span>
Aye Mi San, Nopporn Chotikakamthorn, Chanboon Sathitwiriyawong
Many blockchain-based learning credential systems have been proposed to reduce fraud and improve verification efficiency. In addition to a method for issuing and verifying credentials, a solution is needed to support the revision and revocation of an issued credential record. For the case of learning credentials, depending on how a revocation policy affects credential use that occurred before the revocation date, an additional mechanism may be needed for credential revision. Current digital learning credential methods offer only a revocation mechanism. So they do not fully meet such unique requirement in the education context. In this paper, a blockchain-based method for learning credential revision and revocation is proposed. It makes use of the revision and revocation addresses assigned to each batch of issuing credentials. To revise (revoke) one or more credentials, the proposed method stores the revision (revocation) list as a message in the OP_RETURN field of the revision (revocation) transaction, with the revision (revocation) address as one of its outputs. The concept of a local credential id has been introduced to allow a revision (revocation) list to be efficiently stored on a blockchain system. It is based entirely on a blockchain system and does not require any centralized authority. It is also applicable to most blockchain systems. A comparative study of the proposed method against existing credential revocation methods is also provided.
Achmad Teguh Wibowo, MY Teguh Sulistyono, Mochamad Hariadi
This research was aimed to enhance the cryptospatial with geospatial blockchain based on a point in polygon test. Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA) was used for developing a blockchain. The steps taken include: (1) Data from the surveyors were entered using application connected to the transaction set; (2) The transaction set sent data to the transaction proposal; (3) The transaction proposal will distribute to every connected validating of nodes for executing the smart contract with the point in a polygon test method; (4) If the process succeeded with the maximum fault tolerance of 20%, then the node records a new chain to the ledger. This method is faster than Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) blockchain for approximately 26% to add a new chain in the ledger and for 52% to decrypt the blockchain with a mobile device. The result of this process is a cryptospatial coordinate for the cultural heritage tourism.
Datu Mohammed, Nur Aisha, Arzo Himki, Arusyi Dithi · 5 authors
This research aims to learn why Blockchain Technology can be the most demanding hard skills in companies in 2020 as quoted from LinkedIn and the positive impact that Blockchain Technology has on a company. If we see, at this time usually requires at least a third party to make a transaction, and a company usually only stores data / information on a centralized server which makes the data easy to hack. From this case, Blockchain technology can be used as a way out for a company to make data / information not easy to be hacked. Because, Blockchain uses a distributed server system that is validated, which makes Blockchain safer from evil parties who want to hack information, and Blockchain has other advantages such as more cost-effective, better transparency and traceability. Therefore Blockchain Technology is a particular attraction for a company and is the hard skill most demanded by the company in 2020.
Akhmad Ridho Ashariansyah, Nur Iriawan, Adatul Mukarromah
Perdagangan merupakan sebuah kegiatan tukar menukar barang atau jasa yang dilakukan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Perkembangan sistem pembayaran yang dilakukan umat manusia dimulai dari sistem pertukaran barang atau barter, logam mulia seperti emas dan perak, koin, uang kartal, uang giral, dan uang elektronik (e-money). Selain itu, muncul cryptocurrency yaitu mata uang digital dengan sistem kriptografi dalam setiap proses transaksi datanya tanpa melalui pihak ketiga. Namun cryptocurrency memiliki kelemahan perubahan harga yang sangat besar dalam waktu yang sangat cepat. Pergerakan harga yang berfluktuasi sangat tinggi tersebut menyebabkan kekhawatiran pemilik aset kripto mengalami kerugian, maka pemodelan harga cryptocurrency sangat penting untuk dilakukan agar meminimalisir risiko kerugi-an. Berdasarkan pola pergerakan harga yang berfluktuasi sangat tinggi yang berbeda tiap periodenya maka dilakukanlah pemodelan harga cryptocurrency mengguna-kan Markov Switching Autoregressive (MSAR) dengan algoritma Expectation Maximization. Selain meminimkan risiko kerugian, penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui model MSAR mana yang mampu mengklasifikasikan state dengan baik. Data yang digunakan yaitu harga harian cryptocurrency dengan nilai kapitalisasi pasar terbesar dari September 2015 hingga Januari 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bitcoin dan ripple menggunakan model MS(8)AR(1), sedangkan ethereum menggunakan model MS(9)AR(1). Selain itu model MS(8)AR(1) pada data ripple menjadi model dengan nilai akurasi tertinggi dibandingkan model lainnya dalam hal klasifikasi state.
Blockchain will be the future of accounting education. Triple entry accounting system is here, and shared ledger has been considered. From the shared ledger different parties can access transactions. As our discussion reveals that distributed ledger, Smart contract and Blockchain are three important elements in the triple entry accounting system. As a result, blockchain technology is helping the upgrading the process of education system. Blockchain technology is a peer to peer communication that allows participants to secure the settlement of transactions, achieve the transactions and transfer of assets at low cost. With certain advantages there are disadvantages too. Based on performance and acceptance, it is clear that in future the implication of blockchain technology would be developed. The concept of triple accounting has introduced the new way of accounting work replacing accounting standard formula. The blockchain technology eliminates the involvement of third party, maintain transparency and charges low transaction cost. It will save money and time of people as it is secure and due to decentralization, it is not controlled by one single entity. Due to the decentralization, every user of the network can see the file. So, blockchain should the part the Accounting Education in future.
I Gusti Agung Surya Pramana Wijaya, Emy Haryatmi, Ary Kurniawan
Attendance for staff is one of data collection in the institution as a part of reporting and recording activity. Blockchain technology or distributed ledger has become registration system used in the network. Blockchain technology is one of the technologies that has robust security system and minimizing the lost of data because each node has the copy of data. Blockchain technology can be implemented in many aspects for example in the attendance system in LePKom Gunadarma University based on virtualization. There is an attendance for staff application in LePKom using web application but the database used in the application is centralized. Using centralized database has many disadvantages such us the lost of data or data can be changed by others. The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of blockchain technology for staff attendance based on web application in VM LePKom. Method of this research used System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The result of this research was blockchain technology can be implemented in attendance application and distributed database. Data was secured using Proof of Work (PoW) consensus Algorithm and can be validated.
Alessio Faccia, Narcisa Roxana Moşteanu, Luigi Pio Leonardo
The bookkeeping accounting method recognized all over the world is based on the so-called double entry, with which in each account (defined T-Account for its shape) there are two sections, Debit and Credit. These two sections take on different meanings depending on the nature of each account. The double entry is an exceptional consolidated accounting method that dates back to the fifteenth century, however it has highlighted limits in terms of auditing. The single entry did not take into account the cross relations between the accounts, reporting only on the journal. The double entry has overcome this limit by introducing the ledger, but a cross-check of the mirrored transactions recorded by the other companies is still missing. The introduction of blockchain technology could now offer a new opportunity to ensure further auditing control. The transition from double entry to triple entry is therefore only a matter of time. The blockchain itself is borrowing the word "ledger" from accounting and now it is time for accounting to introduce a third leg (another axis) to the T-Accounts, that can be turned into a new X-shaped version of accounts. This third axis can be used to include the unique identifier of each transaction represented by the Hash.
Alexander Pfeiffer, Simone Kriglstein, Thomas Wernbacher
Not only have virtual currencies in digital games from the pre-Blockchain era helped to understand digital currency systems, but the idea that digital objects can have monetary value is a question of faith that has been expressed primarily through the gaming industry. In the world of business this is now called the ’token economy’. Blockchain as a technology can do much more, besides payment processing with cryptocurrencies, utility tokens can be created to secure in-game currencies and items, gamification systems can be made more transparent while strengthening the privacy of the players and even whole game ecosystems can be secured by Blockchain. However, this is still a very young technology and that there is a certain technological war of faith as well as a big area of scams around and with Blockchain-based systems and tokens. In this paper we will present a bird’s eye view, based on results of the expert interviews, of how Blockchain as technology is connected to the different aspects of games and play.
Andrey Averin, Daria Snegireva, Anton Ladejshchikov
Nowadays, verification of the diploma and monitoring student academic performance has become a burning issue. This is ongoing process that starts from the moment a student enters a university and ends with diploma issue, with the ability to further verify their accuracy. This article describes the model for monitoring student performance and the issuance of diplomas using blockchain technology, its elements and structure, process diplomas release, the possibility of further verification of diplomas and student grades.
Ketertelusuran bahan dalam rantai pasokan makanan telah menjadi yang terpenting pada masalah yang diangkat dalam program COVID-19 saat ini. Kegiatan pasar menjadi global dan kompleks sejak pandemi Covid-19 ini semakin meluas, problematika tersebut mengakibatkan tingginya kebutuhan akan ketersediaan bahan makanan khususnya bagi masyarakat terdampak. Rantai pasokan makanan terdiri dari banyak organisasi yang memiliki perbedaan minat dan sering enggan untuk berbagi ketertelusuran informasi satu sama lain. Maka teknologi blockchain telah dianjurkan untuk meningkatkan keterlacakan dengan memberikan kepercayaan penuh serta transparan. Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu mengidentifikasi kondisi batas untuk berbagi informasi jaminan dalam meningkatkan keterlacakan secara desentralisasi. Sistem ini menyadari pemantauan rantai pasokan makanan secara real-time yang efektif termasuk kondisi fisik dan posisi geografis dengan dasar melindungi privasi dan keamanan kemudian memiliki keunggulan integritas yang baik, anti-perusakan, dan transparansi untuk program COVID-19 baik masyarakat maupun organisasi. Standarisasi proses penelusuran dan antarmuka memiliki platform bersama dan tata kelola independen yang ditemukan menjadi syarat batas utama sebelum blockchain dapat digunakan. Model dan metodologi yang digunakan ini menyiratkan bahwa sistem rantai pasokan harus terlebih dahulu dimodifikasi maka langkah-langkah organisasi perlu diambil untuk memenuhi kondisi batas, sebelum blockchain dapat digunakan dengan sukses.
Distribution of medicine in the public health community centers has been regulated and monitored in an official distribution channel. However, counterfeit medications still circulate in the community. Circulation of counterfeit medicines is caused by factors from businesses, consumers, and medicine distribution supervision. The use of blockchain technology in supply-chain has shown new breakthroughs to overcome these problems since it ensures immutability, transparency, and decentralization of data. In this paper, we proposed a new blockchain-based Medicine Supply Chain Management (MSCM) system. The proposed system has been applied to medicine distribution channels between public community health centers in Indonesia. To evaluate the proposed system, we used JMeter as a benchmarking tool to measure the system performance in terms of transactions per second, latency, and the utilization of resources.
Keamanan data sangat penting dilakukan dalam menjaga kerahasiaan informasi itu sendiri, terutama bila informasi tersebut hanya boleh diketahui pihak yang tertentu saja. Pengiriman data atau informasi tanpa dilakukan pengamanan akan beresiko terhadap penyadapan. Sehingga informasi yang ada di dalamnya dapat mudah diketahui oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak berhak, dan hal seperti itu sangat merugikan.Hingga saat ini, kriptografi merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menjamin keamanan dari suatu informasi. Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP) merupakan protokol kriptografi yang dapat digunakan seseorang untuk membuktikan kepemilikan seseorang (prover) akan suatu informasi rahasia kepada orang lain (verifier), tanpa perlu mengungkapkan informasi tersebut atau memberikan cara bagi orang lain untuk mengetahui rahasia tersebut. Hasil pengujian adalah Zero Knowledge Proof membagi satu aliran data menjadi blok-blok kecil Masing-masing blok ini dienkripsi secara terpisah. Dalam implementasi tanpa bukti pengetahuan, kunci untuk mengenkripsi hanya akan berada pada pengguna, dan dengan itu, ia akan dapat mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi informas, Algoritma zero knowledge proof adalah metode yang unik dimana pengguna dapat membuktikan kepada pengguna lain bahwa dia tahu informasi tambahan.
 Kata Kunci: Keamanan ,data,penyadapan ,Zero-Knowledge proof
Kemajuan bidang teknologi dan komunikasi pada kenyataannya banyak disalahgunakan oleh kelompok teroris. Kelompok teroris menggunakan salah satu teknologi transaksi keuangan daring berupa cryptocurrency untuk tujuan ilegal. Hal ini dikarenakan tradisi hawala yang sudah tidak memungkinkan lagi untuk dilakukan dan terdapat beberapa prinsip cryptocurrency yang memberikan peluang lebih besar bagi kelompok teroris untuk bertransaksi serta mencari dana untuk kegiatan operasional mereka. Makalah ini ingin menjawab bagaimana kelompok teroris menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi saat ini berupa cryptocurrency sebagai jalan alternatif dari tradisi hawala untuk tujuan ilegal, dan apa bentuk tindakan penanganan yang baik bagi masalah ini. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cryptocurrency dari sisi sistem, cara penggunaan, tradisi transaksi tradisional hawala, dan bentuk konkret penggunaan cryptocurrency oleh kelompok teroris. Makalah ini juga akan membahas tentang peluang aktor non negara lainnya seperti perusahaan teknologi swasta dalam membantu menangani penyalahgunaan cryptocurrency. Makalah ini menggunakan organizational approach terorisme dan konsep digital counterterrorism.
Money is clearly a primary need of every human being that cannot be avoided, human needs can be realized by using money. Seeing from the lack of systematic literature review papers discussing cryptocurrency, this is a challenge as well as the main purpose of this paper. Along with the development of modernization and globalization which has now entered the industrial era 4.0 revolution there is a blockchain based technology, Cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is one of the developments of the blockchain that is often used as a decentralized digital currency. The word Cryptocurrency means a virtual currency that has no physical form, and Cryptocurrency also means that the transaction currency cannot be seen and is safe. This digital currency has many types such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Monero, and many other types. Although it has no physical form, this currency functions the same as conventional currencies in general and has an exchange rate. Exchange rates on Cryptocurrency fluctuate which means unexpected, this is often exploited by traders. Cryptocurrency transactions in the form of forwarding from one individual to another individual online, therefore they deal directly without a third party. Every technology has advantages and disadvantages aside from efficiency and convenience, Cryptocurrency has the disadvantage of not having the authority responsible for dealing with all problems that occur in all transactions, and money laundering crimes also often occur, this is a challenge for how to utilize Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology in the current era of globalization.