Blockchain Papers

Axel Curmi, Frankie Inguanez

No abstract is available for this record.

Sunghyun Cho, Sejong ­Lee

A network composed of lightweight devices such as IoT has problems due to limited resources such as lack of storage space and low computing performance. These issues pose significant challenges in the application of robust security technologies, which reduces network security performance. The blockchain with strong security is a suitable technology to solve IoT problems with weak security. As a result, various research is being carried out to increase security, lightness, and efficiency of the IoT network by applying blockchain to IoT. This paper introduces the trend of research to apply blockchain to IoT.

Pin Lv, Licheng Wang, Huijun Zhu, Wenbo Deng · 5 authors

In the Internet of Things (IoT), a cyber physical system (CPS) has achieved great success in a wide range of distributed integration environments. In the cyber physical system (CPS), interconnected sensing devices collect data in the surrounding environment and send data to all interested nodes through the network, thereby sharing all nodes data. This process can be implemented by using a publish/subscribe (pub/sub for short) system. Providing the basic security mechanisms such as authorization and confidentiality is a challenge due to the loose coupling of subscribers and publishers in such a pub/sub system. At the meanwhile, the existing IoT ecosystem mostly relies on a centralized server and thus faces the problem of single point failure. Thus, it is interesting to realize a brokerless or decentralized pub/sub model. Inspired by this motivation, this paper mainly proposes a privacy-preserving publish/subscribe model by using the blockchain technique, which evades the centralized trustroot setting and the problem of single point failure. Another key point of our proposal is that the primitive of public key encryption with equality test (PKEwET) is employed to enable all the required authorization, communication and topics matching can be finished in a confidential manner. Finally, a lightweight prototype of our proposal is implemented by using web3j, and the security and efficiency analysis are also presented.

Mayra Samaniego, Ralph Deters

No abstract is available for this record.

Md Sadek Ferdous, Kamanashis Biswas, Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury, Niaz Chowdhury · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Raheel Ahmed Memon, Jianping Li, Muhammad Irshad Nazeer, Ahmad Neyaz Khan · 5 authors

Integration of blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) to build a secure, trusted and robust communication technology is currently of great interest for research communities and industries. But challenge is to identify the appropriate position of blockchain in current settings of IoT with minimal consequences. In this article we propose a blockchain-based DualFog-IoT architecture with three configuration filter of incoming requests at access level, namely: Real Time, Non-Real Time, and Delay Tolerant Blockchain applications. The DualFog-IoT segregate the Fog layer into two: Fog Cloud Cluster and Fog Mining Cluster. Fog Cloud Cluster and the main cloud datacenter work in a tandem similar to existing IoT architecture for real-time and non-real-time application requests, while the additional Fog Mining Cluster is dedicated to deal with only Delay Tolerant Blockchain application requests. The proposed DualFog-IoT is compared with existing centralized datacenter based IoT architecture. Along with the inherited features of blockchain, the proposed model decreases system drop rate, and further offload the cloud datacenter with minimal upgradation in existing IoT ecosystem. The reduced computing load from cloud datacenter doesn't only help in saving the capital and operational expenses, but it is also a huge contribution for saving energy resources and minimizing carbon emission in environment. Furthermore, the proposed DualFog-IoT is also being analyzed for optimization of computing resources at cloud level, the results presented shows the feasibility of proposed architecture under various ratios of incoming RT and NRT requests. However, the integration of blockchain has its footprints in terms of latent response for delay tolerant blockchain applications, but real-time and non-real-time requests are gracefully satisfying the service level agreement.

Odiljon Atabaev, Keke Gai

No abstract is available for this record.

Antonio Clim, Răzvan Daniel Zota, Radu Constantinescu

The most important aspect of handling data in the healthcare industry is its seamless and secure transition across intercepting nodes. Effective elimination of third-party entities and ensuring direct links between patient and healthcare provider can result in the transmission of error-free, unduplicated data. The use of blockchains can open up opportunities to counter the current requirements due to their ability to safely share information across nodes and networks from the access point and secure the safety of transactions. Currently, sharing medical data is observed to be slow, incomplete, insecure, and provider-centric. These shortcomings prevent data interoperability and are a consequence of lack of foundational, structural, and semantic inoperability. By applying the blockchain technologies with appropriate markers, the safety of patient data can be ensured during data transmission. This paper evaluates the potential use of blockchain technology in association with mobile-based healthcare applications.

Xuanping Wu, Yan-Jun Lin

With the rapid development of the Internet and the Internet of Things, product recall, especially pharmaceutical recall, have attracted various stakeholders as a phase of product service. However, there are some the long-term problems on pharmaceutical recall, such as low effectiveness, seldom transparent, data can be tampered easily and so on. We have proposed a service system of pharmaceutical recall based on blockchain to solve these problems. The solution runs through the entire recall process that includes decision making, the OOS/OOT investigation, the action of working group and the Corrective and Preventative Action (CAPA). Through the management of recall, we are capable of shortening time, enhancing transparency and protecting the integrity of data in pharmaceutical recall.

Liehuang Zhu, Keke Gai, Meng Li

No abstract is available for this record.

Emil Saweros, Yeong-Tae Song

No abstract is available for this record.

Mayra Samaniego, Ralph Deters

With the advent of blockchain technology, some management tasks of IoT networks can be moved from central systems to distributed validation authorities. Cloud-centric blockchain implementations for IoT have shown satisfactory performance. However, some features of blockchain are not necessary for IoT. For instance, a competitive consensus. This research presents the idea of customizing and encapsulating the features of blockchain into software-defined components to host them on edge devices. Thus, blockchain resources can be provisioned by edge devices (e-miners) working together closer to the things layer in a cooperative manner. This research uses Edison SoC as e-miners to test the software-defined blockchain components.

Md. Mehedi Hassan Onik, Mahdi H. Miraz

Both blockchain technologies and cloud computing are contemporary emerging technologies. While the application of Blockchain technologies is being spread beyond cryptocurrency, cloud computing is also seeing a paradigm shift to meet the needs of the 4th industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). New technological ad-vancement, especially by the fusion of these two, such as Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS), is considered to be able to significantly generate values to the en-terprises. This article surveys the current status of BaaS in terms of technological development, applications, market potentials and so forth. An evaluative judge-ment, comparing amongst various BaaS platforms, has been presented, along with the trajectory of adoption, challenges and risk factors. Finally, the study suggests standardisation of available BaaS platforms.

Christopher Ehmke, Florian Blum, Volker Gruhn

Research in the field of blockchain technology and applications is increasing at a fast pace. Although the Bitcoin whitepaper by Nakamoto is already ten years old, the field can still be seen as immature and at an early stage. Current research in this area is lacking a commonly shared knowledge and consensus about terms used to describe the technology and its properties. At the same time this research is challenging fundamental aspects of the Bitcoin core concept. It has to be questioned whether all of these new approaches still adequately could be described as blockchain technology. We propose to use the term Decentralized Consensus Technology as a general category instead. Decentralized Consensus Technology consists of decentralized ledger and non-ledger technologies. Blockchain technology in turn is only one of multiple implementations of the Decentralized Ledger Technology. Furthermore, we identified three main characteristics of Decentralized Consensus Technology: decentralization, trustlessness and ability to eventually reach consensus. Depending on the use case of the specific implementation the following additional properties have to be considered: privacy, participation incentive, irreversibility and immutability, operation purpose, confirmation time, transaction costs, ability to externalize transactions and computations and scalability possibilities.

Sorin Zoican, Roxana Zoican, Dan Galațchi

No abstract is available for this record.

Jameela Al‐Jaroodi, Nader Mohamed

Blockchain technologies have recently come to the forefront of the scientific and industrial communities. This is due to their practical capabilities in solving many issues in various industrial domains. Issues like securely sharing transactional data, establishing efficient supply chain processes, and enhancing transparency are some examples. Blockchain offers an effective way to tackle these issues using distributed, shared, secure, and permissioned transactional ledgers. The employment of blockchain technologies and the possibility of applying them in different situations enables many industrial applications through increased efficiency and security; enhanced traceability and transparency and reduced costs. In this paper, different industrial application domains where the use of blockchain technologies have been proposed are surveyed.

Gautam Srivastava, Reza M. Parizi, Ali Dehghantanha, Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo

No abstract is available for this record.

Weifeng Hao, Jiajie Zeng, Xiaohai Dai, Jiang Xiao · 8 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Thattapon Surasak, Nungnit Wattanavichean, Chakkrit Preuksakarn, Scott C.-H.

In this paper, we successfully designed and de-veloped Thai agriculture products traceability system using blockchain and Internet of Things. Blockchain, which is the distributed database, is used for our proposed traceability system to enhance the transparency and data integrity. OurSQL is added on another layer to easier query process of blockchain database, therefore the proposed system is a user-friendly system, which cannot be found in ordinary blockchain database. The website and android application have been developed to show the tracking information of the product. The blockchain database coupling with Internet of Things give a number of benefits for our traceability system because all of the collecting information is in real-time and kept in a very secured database. Our system could have a huge impact on food traceability and supply chain management become more reliable as well as rebuild public awareness in Thailand on food safety and quality control.

Ramzi Abujamra, David P. Randall

No abstract is available for this record.

Haoye Chai, Supeng Leng, Ke Zhang, Sun Mao

Resource sharing among vehicles can highly improve the capability and efficiency of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, it is challenging to establish trust and preserve privacy during the resource sharing process because of the high mobility and topological variability in IoV. Emerging blockchain technology expresses the excellent performance in handling distributed trust due to its verifiable and immutable ledger. In this paper, we first propose a consortium blockchain-based resource sharing paradigm in IoV, in which the resource sharing interactions are encapsulated as transactions and recorded by Road Side Units (RSUs). Moreover, a lightweight consensus mechanism named as Proof-of-Reputation is proposed to reduce computational power consumption and motivate vehicles involved in resource sharing. Finally a differentiated resource pricing scheme is proposed based on the dynamic match game of resource demand and supply. The reputation value is designed to indicate the trustworthy degree of vehicles, and the trust is established via the consensus procedure. We couple the resource sharing process and consensus together by utilizing the reputation value of each vehicle. The security and privacy analysis as well as simulation experiments on communication performance can verify the efficiency of the proposed blockchain system.

Kahina Khacef, Guy Pujolle

No abstract is available for this record.

Cristian Toma, Bogdan Talpiga, Cătălin Boja, M. Popa · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Bushra Hameed, Muhammad Murad, Abdul Noman, Muhammad Umar Javed · 8 authors

Blockchain is a decentralized and shared dis-tributed ledger that records the transaction history done by totally different nodes within the whole network. The technology is practically used in the field of education for record-keeping, digital certification, etc. There have already been several papers published on this, but no one can’t find a single paper covering the blockchain-based educational projects. So, There is a gap of latest trends to education. Blockchain-based educational projects resolve the issues of today’s educators. On that basis, we conclude that there is a need for conducting a systematic literature review. This study, therefore, reviews the artistic gap between these two based on educational projects. For this purpose, the paper focuses on exploring some block-chain based projects and protocols that are used in these projects. It also analyses the block-chain features that are being used and the services are offered by the existing educational projects using block-chain features to improve the execution of this technology in education.